Radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from 55,000–0 cal yr BP that accounts for the smoothed response of the ocean to variations in atmospheric 14C production rates and factors out the effect of known changes in global-scale palaeoclimatic variables. The curve also serves as a baseline to study regional oceanic 14C variation. Marine20 offers substantial improvements over the previous Marine13 curve. In response to community questions, we provide a short intuitive guide, intended for the lay-reader, on the construction and use of the Marine20 calibration curve. We describe the choices behind the making of Marine20, as well as the similarities and differences compared with the earlier Marine calibration curves. We also describe how to use the Marine20 curve for calibration and how to estimate ΔR—the localized variation in the oceanic 14C levels due to regional factors which are not incorporated in the global-scale Marine20 curve. To aid understanding, illustrative worked examples are provided.

This article revisits archival excavation records of the Roman garrison at Bu Njem. Past research on the archaeology of Bu Njem often considered the site in isolation from its extramural settlement and from the content of its ostraca, focusing on the morphology of the fort, and the composition of the garrison: this offers the opportunity to study the garrison as an extended military community in its interconnected social, cultural and economic settings. Since the completion of fieldwork led by Rebuffat between 1967 and 1980, there have been significant advances to the research on the Garamantes, the understanding of trade in the Sahara and the nature of Rome's North African frontiers. These advances allow for a rethinking of the interpretation of the evidence from Bu Njem. This article focuses on the archaeology of the military base and the extramural settlement. Building on existing research, the results add to interpretations of the activities in the garrison, recognise the urban character of the garrison settlement, and in doing so, improve our understanding of social and economic activities on the frontier.

Greek archaeology, and especially prehistory, has been a field of pioneering zooarchaeological research from as early as the first half of the 20th century. The discipline retains this innovative dynamism and actively participates in the international developments that shape its future. This paper takes a critical look at zooarchaeology in Greece and highlights its current trends as they may be teased out from the considerable and multifaceted body of research published since 2010. In comparison to earlier decades, zooarchaeological research in Greece over the last decade has been characterized by the breadth of its achievements and progress in almost every aspect. Institutional representation and zooarchaeological infrastructure in the country, however, still needs enhancing. Overall, though, the presence of a large number of contributing researchers from Greece and abroad, the diffusion of zooarchaeological data across an increasingly wide range of disciplines, and the augmented inclusion of zooarchaeological results in the wider archaeological and historical narratives certainly point towards a promising future.