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48037 results in Zoology

Page 198 of 2402

  • Chapter 16 - Craig and Damon Foster

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 205-212

  • Summary

    Background

    After schooling in Cape Town and compulsory military service where they were placed in the South African navy’s film unit, Craig and Damon Foster looked as though they might follow the example of many young white English-speaking South Africans and leave the country. But they were drawn back in part by the initiative of a school friend James Hersov who wanted to make a documentary film about the San and managed to get the support of CocaCola. The brothers spent several years in the Kalahari with the San and two films resulted.

    The first film, Tracks (1999), centred on the theories and technological innovation of South African tracking expert and theorist Louis Liebenberg and on attempts to use San expertise and Liebenberg’s Cybertracker software for the cause of conservation. This version also used American National Wildlife Federation representative Judith Kohler as a commentator who argued that San knowledge of the Kalahari provided a more holistic and profound understanding of the area than western science. The second film was The Great Dance (2000) which was a surprise winner of the Golden Panda for best wildlife documentary in 2000 (Figure 16.1). A comparison of the expository style of the earlier film with the poetic style and narration of the later one helps understand how the Foster brothers’ views and interests shifted and how this shift shaped their later film careers.

    Tracks

    The earlier film uses several narrators whose views are in narrative and visual tension. The opening of the film offers a glimpse of mystical powers as a narrator says that people dream of being among animals and invisible to them, but that the San, through their tracking ability and what it reveals of animal behaviour and movements, can actually do that. ‘Mystical narrator’ says that the San can transform themselves in the dance.

    The second narrator is Louis Liebenberg and for him the film was a way of at once expanding on his influential hypothesis of tracking as the origin of scientific hypothesis formation (Liebenberg 1990) but also of showing the advantages of his patented Cybertracker software as a way for the San to serve conservation by logging the presence of animals through their tracks.

  • The contemporaneous epidemic of chronic, copper deficiency

  • Leslie M. Klevay
  • Journal:
    Journal of Nutritional Science / Volume 11 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 October 2022, e89
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  • The classical deficiency diseases have nearly disappeared from the industrialised world and are thought to be found largely in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. More than 80 collected medical articles, mostly from Europe and North America, describe more than 9000 people with low concentrations of copper in organs or tissues or impaired metabolic pathways dependent on copper. More than a dozen articles reveal improved anatomy, chemistry or physiology in more than 1000 patients from supplements containing copper. These criteria are diagnostic of deficiency according to The Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Alzheimer's disease, ischaemic heart disease and osteoporosis receive major emphasis here. However, impaired vision, myelodysplastic syndrome and peripheral neuropathy are mentioned. Copper deficiency probably causes some common, contemporaneous diseases. Advice is provided about opportunities for research. Seemingly authoritative statements concerning the rarity of nutritional deficiency in developed countries are wrong.

  • Chapter 20 - The Influence of the Genre

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 235-240

  • Summary

    Introduction

    How have wildlife documentaries from Southern Africa influenced viewers directly or indirectly? Have they influenced other cultural products or led to financial, political, social or legislative changes? In a conversation with Kobie Kruger, Jamie Uys’s son-in-law, he asked whether any of Attenborough’s serious documentaries had the effect on public views of conservation and hunting that Disney’s Bambi, for example, had. Perhaps Uys’s own light-hearted but sympathetic portrayals of wild animals did more to change attitudes than many earnest documentaries – but what evidence is there, or could there be?

    Without more detailed audience figures and a different kind of research project, most of what follows in this chapter is speculative and impressionistic but may at least open up future research possibilities. The first section examines what influence these documentaries had on other cultural products, particularly films; the second section what influence these films have had on attitudes towards animals and conservation; the third section looks at the financial and political effects of these films; the fourth at their impact on social relationships and particularly on gender relationships.

    The Cultural Influence

    At various points in the study, parallels with other films or genre emerged: for example in the similarity between the Hugheses’ shocking revelation of spider predation and Alien. In one case, however, it seems that these documentaries had some effect on the most influential film about African animals in the last 30 years: Disney’s original animated Lion King (1994). Though sources such as Wikipedia give a long history of planning and trips to Kenya tohelp the animators, Dereck Joubert suggests that their films were highly influential:

    No matter what they say about The Lion King it was not an idea in 1988 because Jeffrey Katzenberg himself told me he pinched the idea when he saw a rough of Eternal Enemies and Lions of Darkness finished and that was around 1992 I guess. Later I met Bernie Goldman and Jay Hiatt from Disney and Jeffrey’s team had just started doing line drawings and that was ‘93 (David Vogel was exec) and he flew us in for a screening of those line drawings in Oct 1993. (E-mail, 18 October 2021)

  • Chapter 19 - The Future of the Genre

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 229-234

  • Summary

    Introduction

    This chapter tries to use the history of the past half century of wildlife documentary in Southern Africa to predict what the future of the genre is likely to be – in Southern Africa and more widely. Looking back at Christopher Parsons’ book on how to make wildlife documentary, published half a century ago, suggests some of the ways in which rapid technological developments can change a field drastically, but also suggests some likely continuities (Parsons 1971).

    Is the Golden Age Gone?

    The fragmentation of television markets and the growth of social media have put considerable pressure on a traditional model in which leading broadcasters could afford to fund leading filmmakers for a considerable time in the field to enable them to make authentic films. Dereck Joubert, for one, is pessimistic about a trend to quantity rather than quality and looks at the flood of digital images and rise of social media with some trepidation:

    I have long been worried and said as much in a forum in Durban about 15 years ago […] that South Africa and its filmmakers are in danger of becoming the Chinese knockoffs (we are used to seeing in clothing etc) of the natural history film industry. At the time everyone looked at me blankly, but I knew it would happen and it has. The budgets just prior to this that I was achieving were between $750K to $1M per hour. With the emergence of Nat Geo WILD and Animal Planet and the lust for hours, in combination with a hunger of local filmmakers ready to supply something, anything, just to get in, the budgets tumbled where many today are trying to do films for $75K an hour, 10% of what was around ten years before. Quantity v Quality. (E-mail, 14 June 2021)

    We are back again with Carol Hughes’s analogy of the hand-knitted, perhaps designer, garment compared to the mass-produced copies. But the change in wildlife film production norms is part of a larger television industry shift with declining audiences for classic television platforms reducing advertising revenue and funding for projects, new digital technologies reducing production costs and a move to social media and new platforms.

  • Chapter 10 - The Bartletts in the Namib, the Liversedges in Botswana

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 137-146

  • Summary

    ‘On the contrary, I find that this prolonged attention to a single subject has the same result that prolonged attention to a senora has according to the authorities. All manner of favors drop from it. Only it requires a skill in the varying of the serenade […]’

    –Wallace Stevens, letter to Harriet Monroe, 23 September 1922. Letters of Wallace Stevens, P. 230

    Introduction

    As earlier chapters have shown, many filmmakers were drawn to the new possibilities offered by the scenery and wildlife in Namibia and Botswana. The Skeleton Coast, the Namib, Etosha, the Kalahari, the Okavango Delta and other Botswanan wildlife locations were firmly on the map as a result of earlier filmmakers and outsiders have continued to visit to make films. But three couples – Des and Jen Bartlett, Tim and June Liversedge, and Dereck and Beverly Joubert – who spent decades on home ground location have undoubtedly produced the most significant body of work in and on Namibia and Botswana. While the Okavango is fortunate to have had two such powerful teams as the Jouberts and Liversedges working there, my judgement is that the Jouberts were more innovative and Chapter 13 will examine the ways in which they benefited from their devotion to location.

    As the quote from Wallace Stevens suggests, lengthy attention to a single subject often yields spectacular results: visually, ethologically, scientifically. While a visiting film crew, prompted by scientific work in the field, or drawing on other films, may come and record powerful scenes, it has usually been the locals who, through patience and time in the field, produce more holistically powerful and compelling narratives and original findings on animal behaviour. The Stevens poem also suggests the danger of repetition so analysis of these films will show the many ways – through new technologies, new camera possibilities, new focal points, new discoveries – in which these filmmakers tried to make it new.

    Des and Jen Bartlett

    Des and Jen Bartlett exemplify the move from East to Southern Africa and show why Southern Africa became the world’s most important locale for wildlife film from the 1970s on. Des Bartlett, born in Australia, was in many ways the founding figure of African wildlife documentary.

  • Chapter 17 - Must Love Animals?

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 213-222

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Animals and their relations to humans, whether of differences or similarities, have become a major topic in biology (Bekoff and Pierce 2009; Bekoff 2010; De Waal and de Waal 1996; De Waal and Tyack 2009; De Waal 2016; Safina 2015; Safina 2020) but also in film studies, ethics and philosophy (Brunel 2018; Burt 2002; Derrida 2008; Haraway 2013; Kirksey and Helmreich 2010; Lorimer 2015). Intriguing as they are, most of these discussions draw their conclusions from domestic animals or wild animals in captivity and so have a limited value and validity in understanding and critiquing wildlife films. A brief discussion of anthropomorphism, speciesism and the affective turn will lead to what seem to me more fruitful topics for the films in this study: adoption, re-wilding and touch.

    Anthropomorphism

    As several earlier comments in this study have shown, the critique of wildlife films or sections of them as anthropomorphic is often based on superficial pejorative analysis – as in Bousé’s critique of Kearton’s penguins or Chris’s comments on Jamie Uys’s warthogs. Given the ways in which recent studies have complicated earlier notions of species differences, what would be the correction of anthropomorphism if not a denial of our links to other mammals or our ability to make sense of their behaviour from our viewpoint as fellow creatures? (Daston and Mitman 2005; Serpell 2003).

    One area where wildlife films surely had a very different effect from what most American critics have argued is about accusations of anthropomorphizing and particularly anthropomorphizing about gender roles. Whenever I try to analyse this, I think of the embarrassing episode of my African Jacana interpretation. At Lake Panic near Skukuza in the Kruger National Park, there are usually African Jacanas and often they are nesting. I took photos of a nest with the beautiful eggs and the male in attendance but when I came back a day or two later, the water level seemed to have risen and the nest and eggs were gone. I looked indignantly at the resident hippos but was comforted by the sight of a Jacana male and female mating vigorously. They are not letting those hippos win, I thought.

  • Chapter 13 - Dereck and Beverly Joubert

  • Ian Glenn
  • Book:
    Wildlife Documentaries in Southern Africa
    Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2023
    Print publication:
    11 October 2022, pp 169-186

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Dereck and Beverly Joubert are undoubtedly the major exponents of the wildlife documentary genre in Southern Africa over the past half-century. They have made more films and won more awards for wildlife films than any other Southern African filmmakers (and probably more than any other wildlife filmmakers) including the Grand Teton award at the Jackson Hole film festival for Eternal Enemies (1992). More people have probably seen their films than any other African cultural product – one dissertation estimated that a billion people had seen Eternal Enemies, perhaps because it was released in 1992 before the fragmentation of channels and markets made it more and more difficult for any one film to dominate the genre. The Jouberts’ own website more modestly claims a quarter of a billion viewers for that film.

    Their films have been the most innovative and ambitious wildlife documentaries in the region. The Jouberts have been Explorers in Residence for National Geographic, recognized by the Botswanan government for their contribution to conservation in that country, the force behind the Great Plains Conservation Initiative and published numerous books and scientific articles. Their careers both underline the importance of the enabling factors explored in Chapter 2, but also illustrate what kinds of achievement those factors made possible.

    Background

    Dereck Joubert was a South African who started guiding at Mala Mala. He met his wife Beverly at high school and their marriage has been one of the great partnerships of wildlife film (Walters 2013). He then entered into a partnership with Rodney Fuhr, an entrepreneur interested in lion conservation and filming lions who founded the Chobe Lion Research Institute. Fuhr and Joubert established a location in the Okavango as they felt this would be the best place for filming lions and this location has been central to most of the Jouberts’ subsequent work (Figure 13.1). In an interview, Joubert says that while working there as a zoologist, he ‘found a film camera in a research cabinet, read the manual and started to learn to shoot documentaries’ (Walters 2013). Joubert then went to London where, as Chapter 8 showed, he attended the London Film School briefly and came under the influence of Michael Rosenberg and also met David Hughes.

  • Perceived facilitators and barriers to healthy dietary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kenya: a qualitative study

  • Moses Mokaya, Eddah Saruni, Florence Kyallo, Roman Vangoitsenhoven, Christophe Matthys
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 25 / Issue 12 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 3335-3343
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  • Objective:

    This study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers to healthy dietary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Kenya.

    Design:

    A qualitative descriptive design using telephone interviews was applied. An interview guide was developed through a modified theoretical framework.

    Setting:

    This study was conducted in selected hospitals in Nakuru County, located in west-central Kenya.

    Participants:

    A two-step sampling strategy was used to select hospitals and study participants. Adult participants aged 30 to 85 years, with T2DM from six hospitals were selected based on their ability to openly elaborate on the theme of dietary behaviour.

    Results:

    Thirty respondents were interviewed (mean age 62 years; 43·3 % females). The average duration of the interviews was 32:02 min (sd 17·07). The highest-ranking internal facilitators of healthy dietary behaviour were knowledge of healthy food choices, gardening, self-efficacy, food preparation skills and eating at home. External facilitators included inaccurate beliefs and information on food and diet, education by healthcare workers, food availability, proximity to food selling points and family support. Internal barriers included tastes and preferences, health conditions barring intake of certain foods, and random eating of unhealthy foods. External barriers included socio-economic factors, seasonal unavailability of fruits and food safety concerns.

    Conclusions:

    Facilitators and barriers to healthy dietary behaviour among Kenyan adults with T2DM are related to food literacy and include selection, preparation and eating. Interventions to enhance healthy dietary behaviour should target context-specific knowledge, skills and self-efficacy.

  • Demographic and behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption

  • André O Markon, Ming Ding, Jorge E Chavarro, Beverly J Wolpert
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 7 / July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 1424-1435
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  • Objective:

    Energy drinks are consumed for a variety of reasons, including to boost mental alertness and energy. We assessed associations between demographic factors and various high-risky behaviours with energy drink consumption as they may be linked to adverse health events.

    Design:

    We conducted cross-sectional analysis including basic descriptive and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to characterise demographic and behavioural factors (including diet quality, binge drinking and illicit drug use, among others obtained via questionnaires) in relation to energy drink consumption.

    Setting:

    We used data from two large US-based cohorts.

    Participants:

    46 390 participants from Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS3, n 37 302; ages 16–31) and Growing Up Today Study (GUTS, n 9088, ages 20–55).

    Results:

    Of the 46 390 participants, 13·2 % reported consuming ≥ 1 energy drink every month. Several risky behaviours were associated with energy drink use, including illegal drug use (pooled OR, pOR: 1·45, 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·81), marijuana use (pOR: 1·49, 95 % CI: 1·28, 1·73), smoking (pOR: 1·88. 95 % CI: 1·55, 2·29), tanning bed use (pOR: 2·31, 95 % CI: 1·96, 2·72) and binge drinking (pOR: 2·53, 95 % CI: 2·09, 3·07). Other factors, such as high BMI, e-cigarette use and poor diet quality were found to be significantly associated with higher energy drink consumption (P values < 0·001).

    Conclusions:

    Our findings show that energy drink consumption and high-risk behaviours may be related, which could potentially serve as not only as a talking point for providers to address in outreach and communications with patients, but also a warning sign for medical and other health practitioners.

  • Energy intakes, macronutrient intakes and the percentages of energy from macronutrients with adolescent BMI: results from a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  • Hong K. Tang, Ngoc-Minh Nguyen, Michael J. Dibley
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 130 / Issue 2 / 28 July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 323-330
    Print publication:
    28 July 2023
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  • Background:

    Adolescence is a period of life when dietary patterns and nutrient intakes may greatly influence adult fatness. This study assesses the tracking of energy and nutrient intakes of Ho Chi Minh City adolescents over 5 years. It explores the possible relationships between energy and the percentage of energy from macronutrients with BMI.

    Methods:

    Height, weight, time spent on physical activity, screen time and dietary intakes were collected annually between 2004 and 2009 among 752 junior high school students with a mean age of 11·87 years at baseline. The tracking was investigated using correlation coefficients and weighted kappa statistics (k) for repeated measurements. Mixed effect models were used to investigate the association between energy intakes and percentage energy from macronutrients with BMI.

    Results:

    There were increases in the mean BMI annually, but greater in boys than in girls. Correlation coefficients (0·2 < r < 0·4) between participants’ intakes at baseline and 5-year follow-up suggest moderate tracking. Extended kappa values were lowest for energy from carbohydrate (CHO) in both girls and boys (k = 0·18 & 0·24, respectively), and highest for protein in girls (k = 0·47) and fat in boys (k = 0·48). The multilevel models showed the following variables significantly correlated with BMI: CHO, fat, percentage of energy from CHO, fat, time spent for moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, age and sex.

    Conclusions:

    The poor to fair tracking observed in this cohort suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited in the first year are unlikely to predict energy and nutrient intakes in the fifth year.

  • Fathers’ level of involvement in childcare activities and its association with the diet quality of children in Northern Ghana

  • Mahama Saaka, Simon Awini, Fred Kizito, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 4 / April 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 771-778
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  • Objective:

    This study assessed the level of fathers’ involvement in childcare activities and its association with the diet quality of their children in Northern Ghana.

    Setting:

    The study was carried out in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana. The people in the study area mostly depend on agriculture as their main occupation.

    Design:

    A community-based comparative analytical cross-sectional study.

    Participants:

    A sample of 422 rural mother–father pairs who had at least one child aged 6–36 months.

    Results:

    The overall level of fathers’ involvement in childcare and feeding activities was high among 63·5 % of the respondents in the 6 months prior to the study. The most common childcare activity men were involved in was providing money for the purchase of food for the child. Minimum acceptable diet was higher for children with a higher level of paternal involvement in childcare activities (adjusted OR = 3·33 (95 % CI: 1·41, 7·90)), compared to their counterparts whose father’s involvement was poor. Fathers who had a positive attitude to childcare and feeding were 2·9 more likely to get involved in childcare activities (adjusted OR = 2·90 (95 % CI: 1·87, 4·48)).

    Conclusions:

    The findings confirm earlier studies that show that fathers’ involvement in childcare activities including feeding is positively associated with improved child feeding practices. The findings point to the need to have a policy shift in which both men and women are key actors in interventions designed to improve child nutritional status in rural settings of Northern Ghana.

  • Implementation of food education in school environments improves pupils’ eating patterns and social participation in school dining

  • Part of
  • Aija L Laitinen, Amma Antikainen, Santtu Mikkonen, Kaisa Kähkönen, Sanna Talvia, Silja Varjonen, Saila Paavola, Leila Karhunen, Tanja Tilles-Tirkkonen
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 25 / Issue 12 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 3548-3558
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  • Objective:

    Schools can be an effective arena for food education. The Tasty School is a tailored teacher-driven food education model that provides tools for implementing food education in primary schools. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Tasty School model on pupils’ eating patterns and experiences. We also aimed to assess the implementation strength of the Tasty School.

    Design:

    A quasi-experimental study was conducted during one school year 2019–2020 in fifteen intervention and ten control schools. The intervention schools implemented the Tasty School food education model. The pupils completed web-based baseline and follow-up questionnaires in class during a school day. The principals were interviewed after the intervention. The data were analysed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures, accounting for the implementation strength and selected standardisation effects.

    Setting:

    A total of twenty-five general Finnish primary schools.

    Participants:

    1480 pupils from grades 3−6 (age 8–12 years) from five municipalities in Finland.

    Results:

    Percentages of pupils eating a balanced school meal increased in schools where food education was actively implemented (P = 0·027). In addition, pupils’ experience of social participation in school dining strengthened in schools where the Tasty School model was implemented (5-point scale mean from 2·41 to 2·61; P = 0·017).

    Conclusions:

    Healthy eating patterns can be promoted by the active implementation of food education in primary schools. The Tasty School model offers a promising tool for developing healthy eating patterns and increasing social participation among pupils not only in Finland, but also potentially in other countries as well.

  • Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

  • Jan Philipp Schuchardt, Nathan Tintle, Jason Westra, William S. Harris
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 130 / Issue 2 / 28 July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 312-322
    Print publication:
    28 July 2023
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  • Information on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) is scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma n3-PUFA% and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an inter-laboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by GC, and total n3 % and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3 %–DHA%. Together these explained 65 % of the variability (r = 0·832, P < 0·0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117 108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable-adjusted models. The mean eO3I was 5·58 % (sd 2·35 %) in this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all P < 0·0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (–, inverse and +, direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (–), higher waist circumference and BMI (–), lower socioeconomic status and less education (–). Only 20·5 % of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily fish consumption accounted for 7·0 % of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort, we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.

  • Exploring the associations between neighbourhood food environment, household food insecurity and child weight-related outcomes in socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse families

  • Part of
  • Sarthak Agarwal, Angela R Fertig, Amanda C Trofholz, Allan D Tate, Jenna Robinson, Jerica M Berge
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 25 / Issue 12 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 3538-3547
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  • Objective:

    To examine associations among neighbourhood food environments (NFE), household food insecurity (HFI) and child’s weight-related outcomes in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of US-born and immigrant/refugee families.

    Design:

    This cross-sectional, observational study involving individual and geographic-level data used multilevel models to estimate associations between neighbourhood food environment and child outcomes. Interactions between HFI and NFE were employed to determine whether HFI moderated the association between NFE and child outcomes and whether the associations differed for US-born v. immigrant/refugee groups.

    Setting:

    The sample resided in 367 census tracts in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area, and the data were collected in 2016–2019.

    Participants:

    The sample was from the Family Matters study of families (n 1296) with children from six racial/ethnic and immigrant/refugee groups (African American, Latino, Hmong, Native American, Somali/Ethiopian and White).

    Results:

    Living in a neighbourhood with low perceived access to affordable fresh fruits and vegetables was found to be associated with lower food security (P < 0·01), poorer child diet quality (P < 0·01) and reduced availability of a variety of fruits (P < 0·01), vegetables (P < 0·05) and whole grains in the home (P < 0·01). Moreover, residing in a food desert was found to be associated with a higher child BMI percentile if the child’s household was food insecure (P < 0·05). No differences in associations were found for immigrant/refugee groups.

    Conclusions:

    Poor NFE were associated with worse weight-related outcomes for children; the association with weight was more pronounced among children with HFI. Interventions aiming to improve child weight-related outcomes should consider both NFE and HFI.

  • Duyun compound green tea extracts regulate bile acid metabolism on mice induced by high-fat diet

  • Xiaolu Zhou, Yaling Li, Ren Mu, Chuanming Wang, Yuyan Song, Caibi Zhou, Xin Mei
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 130 / Issue 1 / 14 July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 33-41
    Print publication:
    14 July 2023
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  • Duyun compound green tea (DCGT) is a healthy beverage with lipid-lowering effect commonly consumed by local people, but its mechanism is not very clear. We evaluated the effect of DCGT treatment on bile acids (BA) metabolism of mice with high-fat diet (HFD) – induced hyperlipidaemia by biochemical indexes and metabolomics and preliminarily determined the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of hyperlipidaemia mice treated with DCGT as well as investigated its lipid-lowering mechanism. The results showed that DCGT treatment could reduce HFD – induced gain in weight and improve dyslipidaemia. In addition, a total of ten types of BA were detected, of which seven changed BA metabolites were observed in HFD group mice. After DCGT treatment, glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid were significantly down-regulated, while hyodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were markedly up-regulated. These results demonstrated that DCGT treatment was able to make the BA metabolites in the liver of hyperlipidaemia mice normal and alleviate hyperlipidaemia by regulating the metabolites such as glycocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic, as well as the BA metabolic pathway and cholesterol metabolic pathway involved.

  • Strengthening maternal nutrition counselling during routine health services: a gap analysis to guide country programmes

  • Justine A Kavle
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 2 / February 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 363-380
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  • Objective:

    The WHO recommends counselling on healthy eating, weight gain, and physical activity during antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC), yet advice and information are often not tailored to women’s nutritional needs and contexts. The purpose of the gap analysis was to identify key elements related to the provision of maternal nutrition counselling during routine health contacts and provide programme considerations to strengthen quality service delivery.

    Design:

    A search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus and Scopus databases was conducted to retrieve studies from January 2010 to December 2021. Using inclusion criteria, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were included in the final gap analysis.

    Setting:

    Low-, middle- and high-income country contexts.

    Participants:

    Following application of gap analysis criteria, thirty-seven articles from sixteen countries were included in the analysis.

    Results:

    Gaps in delivery of maternal nutrition counselling include provider capacity building, frequency, content and delivery platforms. Globally, counselling on appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is often not delivered with the desired content nor quality, while targeted counselling to overweight and obese women was provided in several high-income country contexts. Delivery of maternal nutrition counselling through multiple delivery platforms demonstrated improvements in maternal diet and/or weight gain during pregnancy.

    Conclusions:

    Strengthening the integration of maternal nutrition counselling into pre- and in-service curricula, routine health provider training, supportive supervision and provider mentoring is needed. Future efforts may consider generating global and regional weight gain guidelines and incorporating maternal nutrition counselling indicators as part of quality-of-care ANC/PNC standards and routine health systems.

  • Dietary supplement use in Greece: methodology and findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey – HYDRIA (2013–2014)

  • Anastasia Kanellou, Eleni Maria Papatesta, Georgia Martimianaki, Eleni Peppa, Maria Stratou, Antonia Trichopoulou
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 129 / Issue 12 / 28 June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 2174-2181
    Print publication:
    28 June 2023
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  • The use of dietary supplements (DS) is increasing worldwide. There is limited evidence of their intake level and mode of consumption in association with the Greek population’s dietary and lifestyle habits. Adults (n 4011, 1873 males and 2138 females) aged > 18 years old living in Greece were included in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey – HYDRIA. A dietary supplement user (DSU) was defined as anyone who reported one or more DS on either a Food Propensity Questionnaire, two 24-h dietary recalls, or a questionnaire completed during the blood sample collection examination. DS use was examined according to socio-economic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics and the participants’ health and dietary status. DS use was reported by 31 % of the population (40 % women and 22 % men), and it was higher among individuals living in urban areas, men with good self-reported health status and women with a chronic medical condition and higher consumption of fruits. The types of DS more frequently reported were multivitamins with minerals (5·4 %), Ca (5·3 %), multivitamins (4·7 %) and Fe (4·6 %). MVM supplements were preferred by men, while Ca was more frequently reported by women and participants with low education levels. Plant- and oil-based supplement use was below 5 %. Whether DS intake benefits health must be explored. It should also be assessed if dietary supplement intake is as efficient as food intake.

  • Associations between measures of socio-economic position and sustainable dietary patterns in the NutriNet-Santé study

  • Julia Baudry, Benjamin Allès, Brigitte Langevin, Anouk Reuzé, Joséphine Brunin, Mathilde Touvier, Serge Hercberg, Denis Lairon, Sandrine Péneau, Philippe Pointereau, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 5 / May 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 October 2022, pp. 965-975
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  • Objective:

    We aimed to explore the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and sustainable dietary patterns.

    Design:

    Dietary data were derived from a web-based FFQ. Diet sustainability was evaluated using a modified Sustainable Diet Index, comprising nutritional, environmental and cultural components (higher scores expressing higher sustainability). The socio-economic position markers were education, household income and occupation status. Multi-adjusted linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional association of the markers of socio-economic status with a sustainable diet and sustainability subcomponents, respectively.

    Setting:

    France.

    Participants:

    29 119 NutriNet-Santé participants.

    Results:

    Individuals with a more sustainable diet had slightly higher diet monetary cost, lower total energy intake and consumed less animal-based foods than their counterparts. Lower education level was associated with lower overall diet sustainability (βprimary v. postgraduate = -0·62, 95 % CI (-0·72, −0·51)) and nutrition, socio-cultural and environmental subscores. Manual workers and employees had a lower modified Sustainable Diet Index than intermediate professionals (βmanual workers v. intermediate professionals = -0·43, 95 % CI (−0·52, −0·33) and βemployees v. intermediate professionals = -0·56, 95 % CI (−0·64, −0·48)). Participants with the lowest v. highest incomes had a higher environmental subscore but a lower socio-cultural subscore, whereas the results were less marked for occupational status.

    Conclusions:

    Overall, our results documented associations between socio-economic status and the level of diet sustainability, arguing for the implementation of appropriate food policies to promote sustainable diets at lower cost.

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