We investigate bounds in Ramsey’s theorem for relations definable in NIP structures. Applying model-theoretic methods to finitary combinatorics, we generalize a theorem of Bukh and Matousek (Duke Mathematical Journal 163(12) (2014), 2243–2270) from the semialgebraic case to arbitrary polynomially bounded $o$-minimal expansions of $\mathbb{R}$, and show that it does not hold in $\mathbb{R}_{\exp }$. This provides a new combinatorial characterization of polynomial boundedness for $o$-minimal structures. We also prove an analog for relations definable in $P$-minimal structures, in particular for the field of the $p$-adics. Generalizing Conlon et al. (Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 366(9) (2014), 5043–5065), we show that in distal structures the upper bound for $k$-ary definable relations is given by the exponential tower of height $k-1$.

In this paper, we prove an ‘explicit reciprocity law’ relating Howard’s system of big Heegner points to a two-variable $p$-adic $L$-function (constructed here) interpolating the $p$-adic Rankin $L$-series of Bertolini–Darmon–Prasanna in Hida families. As applications, we obtain a direct relation between classical Heegner cycles and the higher weight specializations of big Heegner points, refining earlier work of the author, and prove the vanishing of Selmer groups of CM elliptic curves twisted by 2-dimensional Artin representations in cases predicted by the equivariant Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.

Let Ω ⊂ ℝN be a bounded domain and δ(x) be the distance of a point x ∈ Ω to the boundary. We study the positive solutions of the problem Δu + (μ/(δ(x)2))u = up in Ω, where p > 0, p ≠ 1 and μ ∈ ℝ, μ ≠ 0 is smaller than the Hardy constant. The interplay between the singular potential and the nonlinearity leads to interesting structures of the solution sets. In this paper, we first give the complete picture of the radial solutions in balls. In particular, we establish for p > 1 the existence of a unique large solution behaving like δ−(2/(p−1)) at the boundary. In general domains, we extend the results of Bandle and Pozio and show that there exists a unique singular solutions u such that $u/\delta ^{\beta _-}\to c$ on the boundary for an arbitrary positive function $c \in C^{2+\gamma }(\partial \Omega ) \, (\gamma \in (0,1)), c \ges 0$. Here β− is the smaller root of β(β − 1) + μ = 0.

This paper is concerned with a class of non-symmetric operators, that is, 𝒥-symmetric operators, in Hilbert spaces. A sufficient condition for λ ∈ C being an element of the essential spectrum of a 𝒥-symmetric operator is given in terms of the number of linearly independent solutions of a certain homogeneous equation, and a characterization for points of the essential spectrum plus the set of all eigenvalues of a 𝒥-symmetric operator is obtained in terms of the numbers of linearly independent solutions of certain inhomogeneous equations. As direct applications, the corresponding results are obtained for singular 𝒥-symmetric Hamiltonian systems and their special forms of singular Sturm-Liouville equations with complex-valued coefficients, which enable us to study the spectra of singular 𝒥-symmetric differential expressions using numerous tools available in the fundamental theory of differential equations.

We study Van den Bergh's non-commutative symmetric algebra 𝕊nc(M) (over division rings) via Minamoto's theory of Fano algebras. In particular, we show that 𝕊nc(M) is coherent, and its proj category ℙnc(M) is derived equivalent to the corresponding bimodule species. This generalizes the main theorem of [8], which in turn is a generalization of Beilinson's derived equivalence. As corollaries, we show that ℙnc(M) is hereditary and there is a structure theorem for sheaves on ℙnc(M) analogous to that for ℙ1.

Given a root system, the Weyl chambers in the co-weight lattice give rise to a real toric variety, called the real toric variety associated with the Weyl chambers. We compute the integral cohomology groups of real toric varieties associated with the Weyl chambers of type Cn and Dn, completing the computation for all classical types.

We prove the connectedness of the Prym eigenforms loci in genus four (for real multiplication by some order of discriminant $D$), for any $D$. These loci were discovered by McMullen in 2006.

We establish the following results on higher order ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiability, $1<p<\infty$, of the operator function arising from a continuous scalar function $f$ and self-adjoint operators defined on a fixed separable Hilbert space:

1. (i) $f$ is $n$ times continuously Fréchet ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiable at every bounded self-adjoint operator if and only if $f\in C^{n}(\mathbb{R})$;

2. (ii) if $f^{\prime },\ldots ,f^{(n-1)}\in C_{b}(\mathbb{R})$ and $f^{(n)}\in C_{0}(\mathbb{R})$, then $f$ is $n$ times continuously Fréchet ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiable at every self-adjoint operator;

3. (iii) if $f^{\prime },\ldots ,f^{(n)}\in C_{b}(\mathbb{R})$, then $f$ is $n-1$ times continuously Fréchet ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiable and $n$ times Gâteaux ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiable at every self-adjoint operator.

We also prove that if $f\in B_{\infty 1}^{n}(\mathbb{R})\cap B_{\infty 1}^{1}(\mathbb{R})$, then $f$ is $n$ times continuously Fréchet ${\mathcal{S}}^{q}$-differentiable, $1\leqslant q<\infty$, at every self-adjoint operator. These results generalize and extend analogous results of Kissin et al. (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3)108(3) (2014), 327–349) to arbitrary $n$ and unbounded operators as well as substantially extend the results of Azamov et al. (Canad. J. Math.61(2) (2009), 241–263); Coine et al. (J. Funct. Anal.; doi:10.1016/j.jfa.2018.09.005); Peller (J. Funct. Anal.233(2) (2006), 515–544) on higher order ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-differentiability of $f$ in a certain Wiener class, Gâteaux ${\mathcal{S}}^{2}$-differentiability of $f\in C^{n}(\mathbb{R})$ with $f^{\prime },\ldots ,f^{(n)}\in C_{b}(\mathbb{R})$, and Gâteaux ${\mathcal{S}}^{q}$-differentiability of $f$ in the intersection of the Besov classes $B_{\infty 1}^{n}(\mathbb{R})\cap B_{\infty 1}^{1}(\mathbb{R})$. As an application, we extend ${\mathcal{S}}^{p}$-estimates for operator Taylor remainders to a broad set of symbols. Finally, we establish explicit formulas for Fréchet differentials and Gâteaux derivatives.

The aim of this paper is to study Hamiltonian elliptic system of the form0.1

$$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-\Delta u = g(v)} & {{\rm in}\;\Omega,} \cr {-\Delta v = f(u)} & {{\rm in}\;\Omega,} \cr {u = 0,v = 0} & {{\rm on}\;\partial \Omega,} \cr } } \right.$$

0.2

$$\left\{ {\matrix{ {-\Delta u + u = g(v)\;\;\;{\rm in}\;{\open R}^2,} \cr {-\Delta v + v = f(u)\;\;\;{\rm in}\;{\open R}^2.} \cr } } \right.$$

We study the equivariant oriented cohomology ring $\mathtt{h}_{T}(G/P)$ of partial flag varieties using the moment map approach. We define the right Hecke action on this cohomology ring, and then prove that the respective Bott–Samelson classes in $\mathtt{h}_{T}(G/P)$ can be obtained by applying this action to the fundamental class of the identity point, hence generalizing previously known results of Chow groups by Brion, Knutson, Peterson, Tymoczko and others. Our main result concerns the equivariant oriented cohomology theory $\mathfrak{h}$ corresponding to the 2-parameter Todd genus. We give a new interpretation of Deodhar’s parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig basis, i.e., we realize it as some cohomology classes (the parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig (KL) Schubert classes) in $\mathfrak{h}_{T}(G/P)$. We make a positivity conjecture, and a conjecture about the relationship of such classes with smoothness of Schubert varieties. We also prove the latter in several special cases.

A conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand claims that, over one-dimensional commutative Noetherian local domains, the tensor product of a finitely generated, non-free, torsion-free module with its algebraic dual always has torsion. Building on a beautiful result of Corso, Huneke, Katz and Vasconcelos, we prove that the conjecture is affirmative for a large class of ideals over arbitrary one-dimensional local domains. Furthermore, we study a higher-dimensional analogue of the conjecture for integrally closed ideals over Noetherian rings that are not necessarily local. We also consider a related question on the conjecture and give an affirmative answer for first syzygies of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules.

Schertz conjectured that every finite abelian extension of imaginary quadratic fields can be generated by the norm of the Siegel–Ramachandra invariants. We present a conditional proof of his conjecture by means of the characters on class groups and the second Kronecker limit formula.

Evolution of planar curves under a nonlocal geometric equation is investigated. It models the simultaneous contraction and growth of carbonate particles called ooids in geosciences. Using classical ODE results and a bijective mapping, we demonstrate that the steady parameters associated with the physical environment determine a unique, time-invariant, compact shape among smooth, convex curves embedded in ℝ2. It is also revealed that any time-invariant solution possesses D2 symmetry. The model predictions remarkably agree with ooid shapes observed in nature.

The purpose of this paper is to understand lattices of certain subcategories in module categories of representation-finite gentle algebras called tiling algebras, as introduced by Coelho Simões and Parsons. We present combinatorial models for torsion pairs and wide subcategories in the module category of tiling algebras. Our models use the oriented flip graphs and noncrossing tree partitions, previously introduced by the authors, and a description of the extension spaces between indecomposable modules over tiling algebras. In addition, we classify two-term simple-minded collections in bounded derived categories of tiling algebras. As a consequence, we obtain a characterization of c-matrices for any quiver mutation-equivalent to a type A Dynkin quiver.

We prove formulas of different types that allow us to calculate the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of an algebra using some arbitrary projective bimodule resolution for it. Using one of these formulas, we give a new short proof of the derived invariance of the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology. We also give some new formulas for the Connes differential on the Hochschild homology that lead to formulas for the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) differential on the Hochschild cohomology in the case of symmetric algebras. Finally, we use one of the obtained formulas to provide a full description of the BV structure and, correspondingly, the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of a class of symmetric algebras.

As a strengthening of Hadwiger’s conjecture, Gerards and Seymour conjectured that every graph with no odd Kt minor is (t − 1)-colourable. We prove two weaker variants of this conjecture. Firstly, we show that for each t ⩾ 2, every graph with no odd Kt minor has a partition of its vertex set into 6t − 9 sets V1, …, V6t−9 such that each Vi induces a subgraph of bounded maximum degree. Secondly, we prove that for each t ⩾ 2, every graph with no odd Kt minor has a partition of its vertex set into 10t −13 sets V1,…, V10t−13 such that each Vi induces a subgraph with components of bounded size. The second theorem improves a result of Kawarabayashi (2008), which states that the vertex set can be partitioned into 496t such sets.

We prove a generalmulti-dimensional central limit theorem for the expected number of vertices of a given degree in the family of planar maps whose vertex degrees are restricted to an arbitrary (finite or infinite) set of positive integers D. Our results rely on a classical bijection with mobiles (objects exhibiting a tree structure), combined with refined analytic tools to deal with the systems of equations on infinite variables that arise. We also discuss possible extensions to maps of higher genus and to weighted maps.