Let V be a left vector space over the arbitrary division ring D and G a locally nilpotent group of finitary automorphisms of V (automorphisms g of V such that dimDV(g-1)<∞) such that V is irreducible as D-G bimodule. If V is infinite dimensional we show that such groups are very rare, much rarer than in the finite-dimensional case. For example we show that if dimDV is infinite then dimDV = |G| = ℵ0 and G is a locally finite q-group for some prime q ≠ char D. Moreover G is isomorphic to a finitary linear group over a field. Examples show that infinite-dimensional such groups G do exist. Note also that there exist examples of finite-dimensional such groups G that are not isomorphic to any finitary linear group over a field. Generally the finite-dimensional examples are more varied.

Felsen (1) has shown that when a plane wave is incident along the axis of a rigid cone of narrow apex angle an approximate expression for the scattered wave involves an integral of the form

where is a Bessel function of the third kind, k a constant and , is the Legendre (conical) function of the first kind.

In this note a simple application of the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform is described. The problem to which the transform is applied is the one considered in a recent paper (1).

We consider the following boundary value problem

where λ > 0 and 1 ≤ p ≤ n – 1 is fixed. The values of λ are characterized so that the boundary value problem has a positive solution. Further, for the case λ = 1 we offer criteria for the existence of two positive solutions of the boundary value problem. Upper and lower bounds for these positive solutions are also established for special cases. Several examples are included to dwell upon the importance of the results obtained.

Many papers have been written on transformations of sequences which can be written as

where is a function of a finite or infinite number of variables for fixed m. If the number of variables is finite it becomes large with m.

Almost all these papers are on linear transformations of the sr, e.g. Cesàro and Abel means, but there are obvious transformations of non-linear form which are regular, and it is a theorem on these which is considered here.

The definitions of the various proper homotopy groups correspond to three main geometrical ideas: sequences of spheres converging to a Freudenthal end (Brown groups); infinite cylinders giving the mobility of spheres towards a proper end (Čerin-Steenrod groups); sequences of spheres, each one movable to the next one following a proper end (Čech groups). The Brown and Čech groups have a rather complex structure and the calculations of these groups are very difficult (see [4]). The Čerin-Steenrod groups have a much simpler structure and this fact eases the computations.

The present paper is concerned with formulae by which double integrals of functions of two independent variables may be evaluated approximately. The number of such formulae published hitherto is not great, and it has seemed desirable both to make a systematic search for new formulae, and to test the comparative merits of these, and of those previously known, by computing the numerical values of certain selected integrals.

The inverse problem we will consider in this paper has its origins in the following problem connected with the scattering of acoustic waves in a nonhomogeneous medium. Let an incoming plane acoustic wave of frequency ω moving in the direction of the z axis be scattered off a “soft” sphere Ω of radius one which is surrounded by a pocket of rarefied or condensed air in which the local speed of sound is given by c(r) where r = |x| for x ∈ R3. Let us(x)eiωt be the velocity potential of the scattered wave and let r, θ, φ be spherical coordinates in R3. Then from a knowledge of the far field pattern f(θ, φ, λ) for λ = ω/c0 contained in some finite interval 0 < λ0 ≤ λ ≤ λ1,, we would like to determine the unknown function c(r).

It is well known that two mutually related summability methods for a sequence sn(n = 0, 1, 2, …) are any Cesaro method (C, γ) of order γ > 0 and the Abel method (A). The notation used in this statement is that of Hardy ((1), pp. 96-7, 71) and the statement itself can be amplified as follows. Summability (C, γ), γ > 0, of sn implies (i) sn = o(nγ), (ii) summability (A) of sn. Also, as a conditional converse of this result, we have Offord's result ((3), first part of Theorem 2), that hypothesis (i), and hypothesis (ii) suitably strengthened, together imply summability (C, γ), γ > 0, of sn. It is the object of this note to bring to light a second pair of summability methods mutually related like the methods (C, γ) and (A), by following an argument which is essentially similar to Offord's but differs sufficiently from Offord's in details to justify a separate and self-contained treatment of the second pair of methods.

Arazy has characterized the isometries of p, (0 < p ≦ ∞, p ≠ 2) onto itself as all maps of the form X↦UXV where U and V are either both unitary or both anti-unitary. A simple proof of this result is given.

Let ABC be a triangle and AD the bisector of the angle A meeting BC in D. (Fig. 8.)

For simplicity let us suppose AB > AC.

From AB cut off AE = AC, and join DE. Then by Euclid I. 4 it follows that the triangles AED, ACD are equal.

This proof of VI. 3 has the merit of depending only on I. 4 and VI. 1. A similar proof for VI. A can be got by cutting off AE′ = AC from BA produced.

Although it is well-known that tempered distributions on ℝn can be expanded into series of Herrnite functions, it does not seem to be known, however, that expansions of this type are accessible through the elementary concept of orthonorma! expansions in Hilbert space. This approach is developed here complementing previous work on a Hilbert space approach to distributions. The basis of the development is the observation that the Hermite functions are a complete orthogonal set in each space of a certain scale of Sobolev type Hilbert spaces associated with the family of differential operators defined by

Here Ф denotes a smooth function with compact support. The setting is first developed in the one-dimensional case. By use of the usual multi-index notation this can be extended to the higher-dimensional case. As applications various imbedding results are derived. The paper concludes with a characterization of tempered distributions by convergent Hermite expansions.

The “other” pαqβ theorem of Burnside states the following:

Theorem A.l. Let G be a group of order pαqβ, where p and q are distinct primes. If pα>qβ, then Op(G)≠1 unless

(a) p is a Mersenne prime and q = 2;

(b) p = 2 and q is a Fermat prime; or

(c) p = 2 and q = 7.

Let G be a Moore group. Then, for each f∈L1(G), the convolution operator Lf: L1(G)→L1(G) is decomposable. On the other hand, there is a discrete probability measure µ on a compact group G such that Lµ: Ll(G)→Ll(G) fails to be decomposable.

Brill and Noether in their Report, Die Entwicklung der Theorie der Algebraischen Functionen in äerer und nlteuerer Zeit, Abschnitt I., § 16, state in their remarks on Taylor's Theorem that “in its modern form the Theorem appears only as a Corollary (Prop. VII., Cor. II.) and is left without any application.”

The object of this paper is to complete and continue some matters in [1].

In [1], Section 2, the torsion and torsion-free functors, whose operation on the category of abelian groups are well known, were extended to the category of all groups as follows. For a group A, put t0(A)= 0 and t1(A) = the subgroup of A generated by the torsion elements of A. Inductively define tn+1(A)/tn(A)=t1(A)/tn(A)), for every positive integer n. Then T(A)=∪ntn(A) is the smallest subgroup H of A such that A/H is torsion-free, [1], Th. 2.2. A group A satisfying T(A) = A was called a pre-torsion group. In [1], 2.12 an example was constructed of a group A satisfying t1(A)≠t2(A)=A. The question was posed whether for every positive integer n there exist groups A, satisfying tn–1(A)≠tn(A)=A. Here we give an affirmative answer. In fact, such groups will be constructed, as well as pre-torsion groups A with tk(A)≠A for every positive integer k, see Section 1.