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Religious texts played a central role in the historical development of English. Harnessing corpus linguistic techniques, historical pragmatics, and the history of the English church, this book interrogates the keywords that have dominated English religious expression from the end of the medieval period to the eve of the Darwinian age. Exploring a number of historical religious works from the late medieval period to the nineteenth century, it shows how changes in the deployment of key words reflected their evolving socio-cultural functions, and how their usage subsequently moved beyond religious texts to shape contemporary literary and political works. It includes numerous case-studies involving prophetic women, pamphleteers, preachers and philosophers, alongside prominent theologians, literary authors and other well-known figures. Offering new insights into the growing cross-disciplinary enterprise of theolinguistics in an engaging and accessible way, this study is essential reading for both English historical linguists and historians of English Christianity.
Intentionality is a key constituent of human action in a world of pervasive uncertainty and provisional knowledge. Intentionality provides meaning to the action plans of the agents that interact within a socioeconomic system. Social interaction produces orders that, although more than the sum of individual actions, acquire direction imprinted by the intentional content and structure of the courses of action of the individuals and organizations that interact within the system. Although many of the consequences of interaction may be unintended and even opposite to agents' intentions, the evolution of the system is not entirely blind. Explaining why and how this can be so is the purpose of this Element.
This Element explores kincentric and relational methodologies for decolonising educational research. While Indigenous methodologies emphasise decoloniality, relational accountability, and kinship, mainstream research often neglects these principles. Addressing this gap, it introduces Dùthchas ‒ an Indigenous Gaelic concept of kinship, interconnectedness, and ethical responsibility ‒ as a kincentric, relational methodology. Drawing on research with Anishinaabe and Gaelic community members and broader Indigenous scholarship, the Element interrogates dominant paradigms and reframes data collection, analysis, and dissemination as knowledge gathering, generation, and sharing. It advocates participatory, community-led design and Indigenous-informed analytic approaches, such as Anishinaabe Bizindam (deep listening) and Càirdeas (Gaelic kinship), grounded in researcher positionality and reflexivity. Practical guidance is provided for implementing kincentric and relational methodologies, while respecting Indigenous data sovereignty and cultural protocols. By bridging Indigenous and non-Indigenous traditions, it offers theoretical insights and a framework for decolonising research practices.
Elizabeth Hitchener (1783–1821) is best known to literary history for a brief but intense friendship with Percy Bysshe Shelley, during which he declared her 'the sister of my soul'. When, in 1812, the friendship fell apart, Shelley turned on her. She was, he said, 'an ugly, hermaphroditical beast of a woman'. He labelled her 'The Brown Demon'. This Element is the first biographical and critical study of a schoolmistress, letter-writer, and poet, whose achievements transcend Shelley's denigrating characterisation. Drawing on fresh archival research, it uncovers a wealth of new information about Hitchener's life and shows how she benefitted from and engaged with late-eighteenth century traditions of radical and proto-feminist thought. It offers a revisionary account both of Hitchener's correspondence with Shelley—based on newly-edited manuscripts—and her achievements as a poet, attending in particular to the generic and argumentative complexity of her topographical poem The Weald of Sussex (1822).
Since Heidegger's reading of Aristotle covered three decades and presented itself in many courses, seminars, and essays, some still unpublished, one objective here is to provide a much needed and currently unavailable overview of this material. This Element seeks to determine what Heidegger's reading can tell us not only about Aristotle but also about Heidegger whose own thought was in many ways a 'repetition' of Aristotle. However, the ultimate aim is to identify the philosophical questions raised by 'Heidegger and Aristotle' and show how this can help us grapple with them. These questions include the distinctive way of being that defines life, the nature of time and specifically lived time, the nature of being itself and whether it is to be understood as static presence or as something more active, the nature of human action and its relation to production, and the relation between nature and technology.
The Element Children in War describes the impact of armed conflicts and war on children and family life and elaborates on ways in which children in and after war can be supported. Attachment theory rooted in the World Wars raging in the 20th century is one of the authors' conceptual underpinnings. The protracted Russian war against Ukraine served as the driving rationale for this Element. Its deleterious effects on child development but also the untold reserves in parents and professionals show that families under siege can profit from support to create safe, stable and shared care for the children. Two developmental scientists recognized for their attachment research and a child psychiatrist working 'in situ' during the war in Ukraine wrote this brief but evidencebased and comprehensive treatise on children and families weathering war. The authors aim to reach researchers but also policymakers and professionals working with children in wartime and its aftermath.
From ruined convents to rooftop gardens, parking lots to Zoom calls, theatre practitioners around the world are staging Shakespeare in a variety of unconventional and unexpected spaces. Drawing on practitioner interviews, case studies, and ten years of personal experience, this Element argues site-specific theatre-makers leverage 'tactical intelligence' in Shakespeare performance: a capacity for theatrical meaning-making through creative responses to spatial constraints, rather than strategic control. Organised around a heuristic of five types of 'site'– Revenant, Found, Shifting, Green, and Viral – with a conclusion that examines the challenges facing 'Future Sites' – the Element reveals a 'Guerrilla Shakespeare' in global site-specific performance. This is Shakespeare with a 'punk', 'pirate', 'bodega' spirit, where economic precarity is met with creative freedom and institutional barriers yield to democratic accessibility.
This Element explores the conceptual complexity of time reversal in the philosophy of physics. It aims to show that time reversal, as a symmetry transformation, should not be regarded as a mere mathematical artifice applied to physical equations. It is rather a conceptually rich and multifaceted notion, one whose meaning and implementation are shaped by a combination of metaphysical commitments and heuristic-methodological strategies. Far from being a neutral tool, the way we define and apply time reversal encodes assumptions about the nature of time itself, its relation to motion, about the role of symmetries in physical theories, and about the relation between mathematical symmetries and the world they purport to describe. Such conceptual complexity also has implication for related debates, such as that of the direction of time.
The Element presents a Minskyan conceptualization to analyse the International Monetary and Financial Subordination (IMFS) of developing and emerging economies (DECs), with a focus on its transformations in the 21st century. We examine changes in external assets and liabilities of DECs, trace their implications in paradigmatic case studies, and derive consequences for macro-financial policy. As a novel contribution, we identify structural transformations in the external asset position of DECs that open new vulnerabilities, challenges, and possibilities in the context of IMFS. We critically assess the mainstream policy consensus in relation to IMFS and highlight its limitations. Against this, we set out general principles for an alternative approach to policy-making grounded in the contemporary challenges facing DECs.
Across the early modern Atlantic world, there were commodities just as valuable as sugar, tobacco or cotton: news and information. However, crossing an ocean beset by wars, pirates and bad weather made transoceanic communications irregular at best, posing significant challenges to the weekly European news cycle. With infrequent access to information, publishers had to navigate between speculation and confirmation, printing everything they could without losing credibility or customers. Michiel van Groesen explores this 'culture of anticipation' across the Atlantic world in Spain, Portugal, France, the Low Countries and England and also in the urban information centres of Renaissance Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. He argues that news from the Atlantic world underpinned all transatlantic exchanges, giving newspapers their rightful place in Atlantic history, and the Atlantic world its place in the history of news.
What can a North African country teach us about democracy in crisis? Taking readers inside a ground-up reading of the Tunisian Revolution, this study reveals how ordinary people reshaped political life and why their experience matters far beyond Tunisia's borders. By looking closely at this understudied case, Charis Boutieri challenges familiar ideas about what revolutions are, how democracy works, and the dynamic relationship between the two. Speaking Freedom offers a vivid and accessible way to rethink political change in our own time, and provides not only a powerful narrative but also a systematic framework for reimagining how to support democratic participation. At a moment when democracy is faltering worldwide, this book argues that the Tunisian experience holds urgent lessons, showing that even in times of crisis, people can reinvent the public sphere and reimagine political possibility.
The rise of political extremism is often attributed to citizens' economic and cultural grievances. Less is known about how the state itself may facilitate extremism in contemporary democracies, despite frequent claims that elected leaders fail to contain it. How valid is this critique? Analyzing thousands of documents on the behavior of political parties, intelligence agencies, and the police in Germany across decades and states, the authors show that blind spots in combating extremism are widespread and deeply partisan. In parliamentary debates and election manifestos, right-wing parties devote less attention to right-wing extremist crimes than their prevalence warrants, while left-wing parties often downplay left-wing extremism. Similar divisions appear within ostensibly neutral intelligence agencies and the police. Across institutions, partisanship and ideology shape how state actors address extremist threats, raising concerns about the state's capacity to safeguard public safety and democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
It is widely agreed by proponents of shareholder and stakeholder capitalism that firms are needed to create long-term value. While they debate whose interests this value creation should serve and how it should be measured, they rarely question the concept of value itself or whether firms should have this social role. This consensus is striking since the meaning of value is often unexplored and inadequately defined. This Element addresses that gap and challenges this consensus. It explores the nature and meaning of value, examines how value creation became the social role of firms, and asks whether firms should have this social role. It shows that the role of firms is not to create economic value for shareholders or stakeholders but to provide goods and services in ways that are consistent with social values. The analysis also offers a new, relational theory of the firm to help enable this paradigm shift.
This Element introduces a methodological framework that positions itself between site-specific archaeological investigations and broader regional approaches characteristic of historical and landscape archaeology. While traditional archaeological studies often focus on detailed analyses of individual sites, and regional studies aim to identify large-scale patterns and long-term processes, the proposed method bridges these scales through the calculation of the minimum mobility space linked to settlements or production centers. This concept enables the delineation of the effective area of influence or resource exploitation surrounding a site, thereby offering a more nuanced perspective on how past communities organized and interacted with their immediate landscapes. The approach incorporates diverse environmental and historical variables, including geology, soil types, and topographical constraints, to reconstruct the spatial logic behind site location and land use. It employs a suite of analytical techniques such as cost-surface analysis, statistical modeling, and historical-geographical integration.
The nature and importance of the Nachlass from Kierkegaard's hand is not well known, especially to researchers outside Denmark. At his death, Kierkegaard left behind an enormous amount of unpublished material in various folders, journals, and notebooks, and on loose pieces of paper. This material includes observations and analyses on various topics, sketches and outlines for possible works, reading and lecture notes, as well as autobiographical reflections. This Element is an attempt to make this rich and interesting material better known to international Kierkegaard readers. It shows how Kierkegaard's posthumous writings are interesting and valuable on their own and serve to illuminate his well-known published works.
The New Believers identifies a group of today's most important novelists, Margaret Atwood, J. M. Coetzee, Junot Díaz, and George Saunders, who have challenged the trend of depressing and defeatist novelistic endings by turning to spiritual beliefs, powers, and presences. Through spiritual belief, these writers use the novel to imagine more hopeful and caring ways of being in the world, ones that can challenge Christian Nationalism and neoliberal capitalism and empower leftist and liberal causes, such as women's rights, migrant rights, animal rights, and care for the environment. Through a survey of the current state of novel studies, close readings of key works by each writer, and new archival research on Margaret Atwood and J. M. Coetzee, The New Believers shows how these writers transform novelistic realism through spiritual realism and reshape the current debate about religion, secularization, and literature.
This book provides the first comprehensive study of the geometric aspects of Manin's conjecture. It equips the reader with a working knowledge of higher dimensional algebraic geometry, including the minimal model program and its applications to arithmetic and Diophantine geometry. The text also develops the foundations of the moduli theory of rational curves on Fano varieties and explores its role in the geometric formulation of Manin's conjecture, supported by worked examples. The book is suitable for graduates and researchers in arithmetic geometry seeking a modern introduction to birational geometry and the moduli theory of rational curves. It will also interest experts in higher‑dimensional algebraic geometry who wish to understand recent applications of these techniques to arithmetic geometry.
Hegel referred to Geist as 'self-conscious life' as a being which exists within a 'web' of sense it spins for itself both collectively and individually. As Geist collectively develops itself in history and in theory, it ties 'knots' in various parts of its web which then form the settled basis for further progress. John Dewey spoke of the fundamental 'deposits' laid down in history in the same way Hegel spoke of 'knots.' Both Hegel and Dewey thought that the kinds of obligations necessary in modern political life could only be actualized in terms of a larger conception of the good life individually and collectively led. However, Dewey argued that given the fact of democracy as a 'way of life' and not merely a form of government was the necessary replacement for Hegel's concept of Sittlichkeit (ethical life) as the living good in which the watchword is freedom.
Clinicians and consumers have long been interested in using purpose-built chatbots to provide mental health support. Specifically designed therapy chatbots are now available direct-to-consumer, even though researchers have yet to establish their efficacy, safety and viability. However, whatever their clinical merits or limitations, the role for specialised therapy chatbots has been overshadowed by the increasing number of people using AI companions and general-purpose generative AI for mental health support. Reports have implicated these offerings in instances of user self-harm, prompting calls for more robust regulation across the entire field. This Element examines the opportunities, risks and legal landscape of AI for direct-to-consumer mental health support and considers a response of distributed regulatory networks. This approach abandons any pretence of a single body of law providing an effective and palatable response for concerns raised by therapy chatbots and the challenges posed by evolving technologies operating in sensitive domains.
Rage is having a moment. It is everywhere, among men, women and children, but particularly among feminists like us. This Element is a concentrated meditation on women's rage in Bruised Hibiscus (2000) and Negra (2013), two novels by and about Caribbean women. We explore how expressions of rage braided with feminist solidarity figure in these novels and how this mixture produces affective and political responses to racism and gender-based violence. Our focus on the contours of Caribbean women's rage advances feminist thought on rage as a political tool of power. In selected readings of our two novels, we identify feminist solidarity as an essential and shared factor in the discursive expression of Caribbean women's rage: We argue that the female protagonists in Bruised Hibiscus and Negra articulate their rage differently but use it similarly to claim the power to resist if not to eradicate racism, gender-based violence, and sex shaming.