Yào in Mandarin, typically a modal, has subjunctive-like uses in complement clauses. Such uses are textual in that they signal interclausal modal cohesion between the main verb and the complement clause in a construction known as the pivotal manipulative construction. They fall into three types, depending on the relationship between yào and the main verb. All three likely originate from complement clauses negated by prohibitives. However, despite a common origin, two of the types are diachronically later and more contentful, rather than procedural. Therefore, it is proposed that the development of uses in complement clauses out of modality proper does not necessarily involve unidirectional increases in procedural meaning, as is often hypothesized.

This article explores how cultural representations of outer space in Kazakhstan reflect and shape public debates on the history and legacy of the Soviet cosmos while offering new perspectives on national cosmic imaginaries. Kazakhstan inherited much of the Soviet outer space physical infrastructure, including its most potent artefact, spaceport Baikonur. The article demonstrates that the artistic representations of the cosmic themes provide an important ground for understanding 1) how the cosmic enthusiasm and utopianism of Soviet astroculture have been moulded into a more critical interpretation of outer space and its impact on Kazakhstani society and 2) how the cosmic mythologies of the past have been used for reinventing Kazakho-futurism as an element of the nation’s future. ‘Cosmic art’ offers a unique lens for exploring how cultural representations of outer space contribute to the redefinition of societal conditions and the complexity of becoming a sovereign nation in the twenty-first century.

This article investigates multisensory listening, ecological approaches and embodiment in videomusic and audiovisual performance. Rooted in practice-based research, autoethnography and phenomenology, it explores how interactions between sound, image, bodies and intersubjective encounters within the triad of space, place and environment condition transmodal perception. The study identifies scenophony, affect and imagination as constitutive vectors of immersion, highlighting the porosity between physical sites and virtual environments where sensory boundaries dissolve. Synchresis is analysed as a primary mechanism of audiovisual transmodality, while the process of habitation facilitates the transformation of the technical dispositif into a lived place. Texture is established as a foundational compositional principle to organise sensory experience, using the analysis of Nuées (2016) to demonstrate how these dynamics operate through perceptual deviation and transmodal textures in motion. This research defines audiovisual creation as an ecological practice shaped through fluidity, intersubjectivity and situated modes of inhabiting space.

Fleming and Michel associate consciousness with sensory horizons, model-based computations, reality monitoring, and decision termination. However, these functions can be implemented without consciousness and may make consciousness epiphenomenal. As with other current theories of consciousness, too much explanatory weight rests on a small number of explanatory factors.

The Deep South has the highest prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in the United States, with marked disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and rurality. Addressing these disparities requires not only effective interventions, but also a translational science workforce equipped to design, implement, and scale solutions in real-world settings. The Forge AHEAD Center was established to improve cardiometabolic health outcomes across the Deep South by advancing both research and scientific workforce development. As a central component of this mission, the Center has developed the “Pilot Plus” model, an integrated framework that combines pilot funding with structured training in translational science, multidisciplinary team-based mentorship, and embedded community engagement. Early-stage investigators are supported through coordinated access to methodological expertise, including dissemination and implantation science and assessment of social determinants of health, while community stakeholders are incorporated into the research process. By aligning funding, training, and infrastructure within a single program, the Pilot Plus model addresses fragmentation in traditional research development approaches and expands access to critical resources across institutions. This model provides an adaptable framework for strengthening translational research capacity and developing a cadre of demographically varied investigators prepared to advance health outcomes in regions with a high burden of chronic disease

Although the home literacy environment (HLE) is known to influence early literacy, less is understood about how language-specific HLE components relate to literacy outcomes in bilingual children. This study examined the HLE of 104 first-grade Chinese–English bilinguals and its associations with English literacy. Parents completed parallel HLE questionnaires for Chinese and English, and children were assessed on English receptive vocabulary, letter–word recognition, and reading comprehension using standardized tests. Descriptive results showed children experienced a richer HLE in English than in Chinese, though parents engaged in literacy activities in both languages. Children performed above age expectations in reading-related skills but below average in receptive vocabulary. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed distinct patterns: English HLE had limited associations with English outcomes, whereas several Chinese HLE components were significantly linked to English literacy. When both HLEs were considered, Chinese book exposure and English digital device use positively predicted reading comprehension and overall reading, while Chinese digital device use negatively predicted reading comprehension and receptive vocabulary. These results highlight the differentiated roles of language-specific HLE components in bilingual contexts and suggest that bilingual HLEs function as integrated, interrelated literacy ecologies rather than separate monolingual environments. Supporting both languages at home may therefore enhance literacy outcomes across languages.

Levine et al.’s resource-rational contractualism omits how people decide that a situation demands rule-, not case-based, guidance. I propose that moral cognition first tags contexts as rule-governed, then either uncovers an existing norm or forges a plausible one. Coordination stakes and the private-public divide likely trigger this tag. Distinguishing discovery from invention invites targeted experiments and refines the framework.

Levine and colleagues present a model synthesizing different moral theories under a contractualist account. The relationship between decision-making processes may be less hierarchical than proposed. Decision incongruency, judgment preferences, and the persistence and influence of model-free decisions suggest that computational capacity alone doesn’t determine selection between various moral processes.

Speed of consciousness results may contribute to the popular notion that our consciousness is inefficacious. I argue that Fleming and Michel’s claim that consciousness is slow, coupled with their idea that consciousness marks a predictive world model, instead supports a view of agency in which we are consciously engaged with the world as it unfolds, both in perception and response.

Fleming and Michel convincingly argue that the water-to-land transition put evolutionary pressure on the temporal structure of conscious vision. But their interpretation of postdictive effects, which leads them to conclude that conscious vision is slow, suffers from conceptual issues and inadvertently leads them to an overly discrete and serial model of temporal consciousness.

We identify broad overlap between the contractualist model and theories of justice and argue the contractualist model would benefit from integrating insights from the justice literature. We also highlight negotiations research on egocentrism and other limits on people’s abilities to mentally simulate negotiations. These literatures support some elements of the contractualist model and challenge others.

This comment explores resource-rational contractualism (RRC) as a framework for artificial intelligence (AI) alignment and reasoning. It assesses RRC’s capacity to capture the insights of philosophical contractualism and canvasses its extension to AI alignment. It suggests that a modified version of RRC, centered on impartial deliberation, can be used to identify principles for alignment and to guide efficient AI moral cognition.

This study evaluated the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and mental health indicators, providing evidence to inform maternal health policy. This study used the first nationally representative cross-sectional data on mental health symptoms from the 2024 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS), including 13,951 women aged 15–49 years. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, with a score of ≥10 indicating the presence of symptoms. Stepwise, survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was employed to examine the associations of mental health indicators and various dimensions of IPV, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Physical IPV was significantly associated with higher odds of Depression aOR= 3.89; 95% CI: 2.16-6.95; p < 0.001), while Emotional IPV was also associated with higher odds of Depression aOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.09-5.86; p < 0.001). Similarly, Any IPV was associated with substantial higher odds with Depression aOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.80-4.67, p < 0.001) and Anxiety aOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.20-3.50, p = 0.008). These findings provide evidence-based, actionable insights for policymakers to integrate mental health and IPV prevention in high-burden provinces to meet the targets of SDG 3 and SDG 5.

The articles in this issue examine activity routines in which sensory experiences form the basis of both practical and social coordination. In the ethnographic phenomena that the authors examine, successful coordination between actors almost always requires engagement across multiple senses and practices of sensory expertise, as well as between discursive and non-discursive signs. It is in this spirit that we offer the organizing concept of synesthetic encounters. We advocate for an ethnographic approach to language and synesthetic encounters that foregrounds: (1) a situated practice analysis of the senses, (2) attention to the continuum between improvisation and conventionalization in the use of lexicons for sensory calibration, and (3) the metapragmatic regimentation of sensory experience in specific contexts toward specific ends.

Dissociative experiences, including perceptual distortions, daydreaming and memory lapses, are clinically relevant and possible correlates and associated features of psychosis risk rather than established prodromal indicators. This study examined dissociative experiences patterns among Kenyan youth and their associations with sociodemographic factors, risk for psychosis and mood disorders. This was a cross-sectional study among youth aged 14–30 years in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Participants completed the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis Screen (WERCAP) and the Washington Early Recognition Center Dissociation Screen (WERC-DS): Exploratory factor analysis, group comparisons and reliability testing were applied. Dissociative experiences were common among participants, with 25–47% endorsing the highest frequency on individual daydreaming items, and 6.5–39.5% endorsing the highest severity on individual items assessing perceptual distortions. Three factors emerged (Daydream Intensity and Engagement, Perceptual Distortion and Memory Lapses), demonstrating strong internal consistency (α = 0.89). Youth at high risk for psychosis reported significantly higher dissociation scores than low-risk peers (p < 0.001), specifically perceptual distortions (p = 0.001) and immersive daydreaming (p < 0.001). Dissociative experiences varied significantly by age and socioeconomic status. Dissociative experiences are prevalent and developmentally patterned among Kenyan youth and are strongly associated with psychosis risk, supporting dissociation as a psychological construct associated with psychosis-risk status in low-resource settings.

This paper studies the definability of natural language generalized quantifiers. The semantics of generalized quantifiers are provided by a collection of subsets of the underlying domain. However, the generalized quantifiers appearing in natural language are definable either by first-order quantification or by cardinality notions. This paper provides an explanation for this observed phenomenon. The explanation is that the famous constraints of domain independence and conservativity, when extended to Henkin models, suffice to ensure low-level definability, namely $\Delta ^1_1$-definability or at least $\Sigma ^1_1$-definability; and in most cases this definability can be made to be bounded. This is basically a consequence of Feferman’s Preservation Theorem [15], which Marker [46] has provided a short model-theoretic proof of. Further, we verify that the paradigmatic cardinality quantifiers are indeed $\Delta ^1_1$-definable for a reasonable choice of background theory. Finally, in many other cases, we show that this definability can be lowered to first-order definability.