The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) issued a landmark merits decision in 2025 holding the United States internationally responsible for the torture and death of Mexican national Anastasio Hernández Rojas, and for denying his family justice. The Commission found violations of the protections of life, humane treatment during arrest, health, and access to justice in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (American Declaration) and ordered the United States to reopen the criminal investigation, impose sanctions, provide legal remedies and adopt non-repetition measures, including aligning use-of-force standards with international law, such as banning electric shock weapons, after specific legal findings of torture by the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Rapporteur, which both regarded its use as disproportionate, unnecessary, and inhumane.1

This study investigated the independent and interactive effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity on poor sleep quality among 15,059 Chinese adolescents. Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), dietary habits, and physical activity. Logistic regression and interaction analysis were performed to examine associations, adjusting for covariates. The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score ≥ 7) was 9.72%. Seven healthy dietary behaviors were identified as protective (e.g., regular diet, abstaining from alcohol; ORs=0.49–0.56). While physical activity showed no independent association, limiting screen-based sedentary screen time(≤2h/day) reduced poor sleep odds by 31% (OR = 0.69). Two significant interactions emerged: abstaining from alcohol combined with limiting sugary beverages synergistically reduced the odds of poor sleep quality by 42% (OR = 0.58), whereas the combination of healthy dining out and high physical activity was associated with a 181% increased odds of poor sleep quality (OR = 2.81). While healthy dietary patterns are strongly associated with better sleep quality, the interplay between behaviors is complex, demonstrating both synergistic protective association and antagonistic outcomes. Findings highlight the need for integrated lifestyle interventions that account for behavioral interactions in promoting adolescent sleep quality.

Cogongrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.] is a recalcitrant invasive grass widespread in the southeastern United States. In non-crop systems, management relies on foliar applications of glyphosate and imazapyr; multiple applications over several years are often required, increasing labor, logistical, and chemical costs. Although numerous herbicide alternatives have been evaluated, few match the efficacy of glyphosate or imazapyr. Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum herbicide, and demand for glyphosate alternatives has generated interest in its potential for invasive grass management, but long-term evaluations of glufosinate and tank mixes for I. cylindrica are limited. This study evaluated single foliar spot applications of glufosinate (2.0 kg ae ha−1) alone and in tank mixtures with glyphosate (3.4 kg ae ha−1) or imazapyr (1.1 kg ae ha−1) at three Florida field sites heavily invaded (88% to 92% cover) by I. cylindrica using percent cover and belowground biomass. All treatments containing glufosinate produced rapid foliar necrosis, reducing cover to 15% to 21% within 14 days after treatment (DAT). By 270 DAT, cover increased in the glufosinate-alone (43%) and glufosinate + glyphosate (42%) treatments but remained approximately 25 to 30 percentage points lower than the control. At 540 DAT, cover in these treatments did not differ from that in the control. Across all sites, I. cylindrica cover at 540 DAT was reduced relative to the control by glyphosate (37%), imazapyr (9%), imazapyr + glufosinate (7%), and imazapyr + glyphosate (11%). Notably, the imazapyr + glufosinate mixture produced both rapid and sustained reductions in I. cylindrica cover. These results suggest glufosinate alone provides short-term suppression of aboveground tissue but can be enhanced through tank mixing with soil-active herbicides such as imazapyr to improve long-term suppression of belowground meristems.

Large-language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing and opened new possibilities for the computational social sciences and digital humanities. Yet translating historical sources remains difficult because early modern varieties are scarcely represented in contemporary training corpora and because standard tokenizers fragment their non-standard orthography. This article tackles these gaps by adapting open LLMs to early modern Dutch-to-English translation and advances two concrete contributions: (i) a memory-efficient fine-tuning workflow that runs on a single consumer GPU, comparing order-reward policy optimization with the Unsloth supervised fine-tuning approach and (ii) a verifiable evaluation protocol that combines embedding-based metrics with systematic expert review. Experiments on testimonial texts (1680–1792) show that fine-tuning choice decisively shapes quality: the Unsloth-tuned Mistral model attains the highest BERTScore and METEOR values and most faithfully preserves historical nuance. The framework supports a collaborative workflow where machine-generated drafts accelerate expert translation, making archival texts more accessible while maintaining scholarly oversight through domain-expert validation.