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At Aur. Vict. Caes. 10.5, the reading lautus should be retained; -que is a dittography and should be deleted. At 13.3, satis should be emended into sagatis. This article also provides a brief analysis of Victor's references to clothing and attempts to explain why he comments on the Dacian costume at 13.3, the only ethnographic reference to clothing in the entire work.
I read Carol Griffiths' article with great interest. This is due in part to being in what I feel is a privileged position as book reviewer for a UK journal, the EL Gazette,1 for whom I have read several titles by authors she references on teacher wellbeing, such as Mercer and Gregersen (2020). I wondered, however, why Brierton and Gkonou (2022) was not listed there as it also deals with issues raised by Griffiths such as how academic managers can help create an environment that reduces stress and mental health problems. It was also interesting to note that Griffiths, like myself, has spent most of her working life involved in English language teaching, almost all of which has taken place in Turkey. Her article also resonated with my own experience as a teacher-educator as it draws upon research carried out in a Turkish context (Griffiths & Sönmez, 2020).
This study aimed to solve the debate over the role and extent of neck dissection to treat any occult nodal metastasis in patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy for recurrent and/or residual squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.
Methods
This was a retrospective study over a time frame of 6 years (2016–2022) of 74 patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection and salvage laryngectomy for recurrent or persistent disease with N0 neck. We calculated the incidence of occult nodal metastasis in ipsilateral and contralateral neck.
Results
Incidence of ipsilateral neck disease was calculated as 8.11 per cent and it was 0 per cent in contralateral neck. Regarding ipsilateral nodal level distribution, level II was the highest at 6.76 per cent, followed by level III at 5.41 per cent. There was 0 per cent metastasis in levels IV and IIb.
Conclusion
In patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy with N0 neck, ipsilateral super selective neck dissection is considered a convenient and oncologically safe option to treat the neck.
Since merchants typically traded between towns, they had to cross legal boundaries on a regular basis. This article discusses one of the instruments they used in order to deal with the challenges of legal pluralism, namely the instalment of proxies. The proxy had to be recognized as a legitimate representative of another merchant and, for that purpose, he carried with him a procuration letter. These letters look remarkably similar considering that they were drafted in different towns across Europe. An analysis of the procurations shows that common rules and norms developed through the constant exchange between merchants and urban authorities.
This article explores peasant women’s labour activism in 1890s Hungary, in the southeastern part of the Habsburg Empire, where repeated harvesters’ strikes and peasant uprisings took place during the second half of the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries, making it the first centre of agrarian workers’ socialist organizing in Hungary. Informed by a more inclusive approach to women’s activist histories and subaltern studies, this article develops a new perspective on the periodization and geography of the international and Hungarian history of women’s social movements, to contribute to the historiographies of peasant women’s labour activism in the Eastern European countryside.
As a result of unfavorable demographic processes, the pension systems in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) EU countries face significant challenges, which has made the implementation of reforms inevitable in the last decade. Relying on economic theory, this paper analyses the effects of the Hungarian pension reforms in comparison with those of other CEE countries, and discusses the consequences from the point of view of social policy and the sustainability of the pension schemes. We explore the reasons why the reforms in Hungary ultimately did not improve sustainability but rather contributed to dismantling the social care system. Therefore, the Hungarian case provides useful lessons for other countries, and at the same time underlines the importance of automatic adjustment mechanisms. The study pays particular attention to the theoretical analysis of pension indexation because its accurate quantitative effects are far from being sufficiently clarified in the literature, although it is vital for a thoughtful evaluation of pension reforms.
This study aims to identify the Jordanian nurses’ perception of their disaster preparedness and core competencies.
Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. The data was collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using the disaster preparedness evaluation tool and the core disaster competencies tool.
Results:
A total of 126 nurses participated in the study. Jordanian nurses had moderate to high levels of core disaster competencies and moderate levels of disaster preparedness. Core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness levels differed based on previous training on disaster preparedness, and the availability of an established emergency plan in their hospitals. Lastly, a previous training on disaster preparedness and core disaster competencies were statistically significant predictors of disaster preparedness among Jordanian nurses.
Conclusions:
Organizational factors and environmental contexts play a role in the development of such capabilities. Future research should focus on understanding the barriers and facilitators of developing core disaster competencies and disaster preparedness among nurses.
It is well known that inertia-free shearing flows of a viscoelastic fluid with curved streamlines, such as the torsional flow between a rotating cone and plate or the flow in a Taylor–Couette geometry, can become unstable to a three-dimensional time-dependent instability at conditions exceeding a critical Weissenberg ($Wi$) number. However, the combined effects of fluid elasticity, shear thinning and finite inertia (as quantified by the Reynolds number $Re$) on the onset of elasto-inertial instabilities are not fully understood. Using a set of cone–plate geometries, we experimentally explore the entire $Wi$–$Re$ phase space for a series of nonlinear viscoelastic fluids (with the dependence on shear rate $\dot{\gamma}$ quantified using a shear-thinning parameter $\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$). We tune $\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$ by varying the dissolved polymer concentration in solution. This progressively reduces shear thinning but leads to finite inertial effects before the onset of elastic instability, and thus naturally results in elasto-inertial coupling. Time-resolved rheometric measurements and flow visualization experiments allow us to investigate the effects of flow geometry, and document the combined effects of varying $Wi, Re$ and $\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$ on the emergence of secondary motions at the onset of instability. The resulting critical state diagram quantitatively depicts the competition between the stabilizing effects of shear thinning and the destabilizing effects of inertia. We extend the curved streamline instability criterion of Pakdel & McKinley (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, no. 12, 1996, p. 2459) for the onset of purely elastic instability in curvilinear geometries by using scaling arguments to incorporate shear thinning and finite inertial effects. The augmented condition facilitates predictions of the onset of instability over a broader range of flow conditions, and thus bridges the gap between purely elastic and elasto-inertial curved streamline instabilities.
Precautions taken before an earthquake are of vital importance. When buildings collapse, the weight of the ceiling crushes objects such as furniture, leaving a space or void within the rubble. This area is called the “triangle of life.” The larger and stronger the object, the more it will maintain its volume; the more the object maintains its volume, the larger the void will be, and the less likely it is that the person who uses this void will be injured.
Methods:
Durable, solid furniture such as beds and tables that can be tipped over during an earthquake in appropriate areas in the building can form a living triangle. Creating and using the triangle of life is the method of protection in an earthquake that produces the highest probability of survival.
Results:
Two earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5 occurred in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, on February 6, 2023. This report presents the case of a 43-y-old female victim of these earthquakes who used the triangle of life to survive; she was removed from the rubble 164 h after the earthquake.
Conclusions:
The case provides evidence that predetermining areas in which the triangle of life can be formed and storing supplies necessary for survival can decrease morbidity and mortality in an earthquake.
First-order sensitivities and adjoint analysis are used widely to control the linear stability of unstable flows. Second-order sensitivities have recently helped to increase accuracy. In this paper, a method is presented to calculate arbitrary high-order sensitivities based on Taylor expansions of the incompressible base flow and its eigenproblem around a scalar parameter. For the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, general expressions for the sensitivities are derived, into which parameter-specific information can be inserted. The computational costs are low since, for all orders, a linear equation system has to be solved, of which the left-hand-side matrix stays constant and thus its preconditioning can be exploited. Two flow scenarios are examined. First, the cylinder flow equations are expanded around the inverse of the Reynolds number, enabling the prediction of the two-dimensional cylinder base flow and its leading eigenvalue as a function of the Reynolds number. This approach computes accurately the base flow and eigenvalue even in the unstable regime, providing, when executed subsequently, a mean to calculate unstable base flows. This case gives a clear introduction into the method and allows us to discuss its constraints regarding convergence behaviour. Second, a small control cylinder is introduced into the domain of the cylinder flow for stabilization. Higher-order sensitivity maps are calculated by modelling the small cylinder with a steady forcing. These maps help to identify stabilizing areas of the flow field for Reynolds numbers within the laminar vortex shedding regime, with the required number of orders increasing as the Reynolds number rises. The results obtained through the proposed method align well with numerically calculated eigenvalues that incorporate the cylinder directly into the grid.
At the heart of Sophia Moreau's theory of wrongful discrimination is the moral duty to treat others as equals. This article raises some challenges regarding the contours of this duty and suggests some ways to make the theory stronger. In particular, it suggests that we incorporate a cosmopolitan view of the duty's scope, that we illuminate the features at the basis of individuals’ equal moral status to determine its grounds, and that we identify some considerations about important interests to articulate its contents. The relation between Moreau's theory and human rights discourse is also briefly examined, and more engagement with the latter is recommended.
The threat of chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) terrorist attacks has increased over time. The need for rapid and effective responses to such attacks is paramount. Effective medical counter-measures to CBRNe events are critical and training for such may effectively occur early in physician training. While some medical specialties are more involved than others, counter-terrorism medicine (CTM) spans all medical specialties.
Methods:
All United States allopathic medical schools were examined via online curriculums and queries for academic content related to CBRNe and terrorist medical counter-measures.
Results:
Analysis of 153 United States allopathic medical schools demonstrated that 15 (9.8%) medical schools offered educational content related to CBRNe and terrorist counter-measures. This is in contrast to legislation following the September 11, 2001 attacks that called for high priority for such education.
Conclusion:
Effective CBRNe medical counter-measures are currently in place; however, there is room for improvement in education that may begin during medical school. While certain medical specialties such as emergency medicine, primary care, and dermatology may have specific niches in such events, physicians of all medical specialties have something to offer, and even a basic education in medical school can help best prepare the nation for future attacks.
Sophia Moreau's Faces of Inequality adopts a provocative philosophical methodology: centring the experiences of victims of discrimination, and the basic contours of anti-discrimination law, in developing an account of wrongful discrimination. If, however, we take seriously sceptical accounts of law developed within feminist and critical race scholarship, we begin to see a tension within Moreau's methodological dyad: if victims of discrimination often experience discrimination law as hostile and disbelieving, how can both be treated as authoritative? This contribution will explore this tension as it emerges in Faces of Inequality, in light of Mari Matsuda's theory of “multiple consciousness.”