Melon is one of the important cucurbitaceous crops being cultivated widely in India and known for its delicious fruits. Crop is threatened by different biotic stresses including nematodes, fungi and viruses. The use of host resistance is the most economical, eco-compatible and long-lasting strategy to combat plant diseases. Keeping in mind this objective, 64 melon genotypes were screened against the prevalent Meloidogyne incognita, Fusarium oxysporum and tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) individually as well as with combined inoculations under artificial conditions. Out of 64 genotypes, three genotypes, MCPS, SM2012-1 and WM11 were found moderately resistant to M. incognita, nine genotypes (MM-KP15103, MM327, MM121103, KP4HM15, MM Sel.-103, SM2013-2, SM2012-1, SM2013-9 and WM11) recorded a resistant reaction against Fusarium wilt while four genotypes, WM11, SM2012-1, SM2013-9 and SM2013-2 exhibited a highly resistant reaction against ToLCPalV. A dendrogram constructed based on the resistance response of all the genotypes divided the genotypes into two groups and all resistant genotypes (MM1804, MM120103, SM2012-1, MM121103, SM2013-2, SM2013-9, WM11 and MM Sel.103) clustered in group II. The resistant genotypes when subjected to simultaneous inoculations of all three pathogens showed an increase in disease severity for each pathogen which negatively altered the resistance response of different genotypes. However, the genotypes SM2012-1, SM2013-9, SM2013-2 and WM-11 showing multiple disease resistance exhibited a good level of resistance even after combined inoculations of three pathogens. This study is the first to our knowledge identifying multiple disease resistance against root-knot nematode, Fusarium wilt and tomato leaf curl Palampur virus in muskmelon.

On a locally $\lambda$-presentable symmetric monoidal closed category $\mathcal {V}$, $\lambda$-ary enriched equational theories correspond to enriched monads preserving $\lambda$-filtered colimits. We introduce discrete $\lambda$-ary enriched equational theories where operations are induced by those having discrete arities (equations are not required to have discrete arities) and show that they correspond to enriched monads preserving preserving $\lambda$-filtered colimits and surjections. Using it, we prove enriched Birkhof-type theorems for categories of algebras of discrete theories. This extends known results from metric spaces and posets to general symmetric monoidal closed categories.

Valsassina (Lombardy, Northern Italy) is located in the Lombard Southern Alps and is characterised by the presence of a metamorphic basement, by a major late Variscan intrusive complex and by Carboniferous–Permian volcano-sedimentary cover units. These rocks host a pervasive system of inadequately studied mineralised veins. These veins are characterised by base metal (Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe) and complex polymetallic assemblages.

In this study, we have investigated the ore textures, mineral compositions of sulfides and sulfosalts (by EMPA–WDS and LA–ICP–MS analyses), and stable isotopes (C and O) in carbonate gangue minerals of various mineralised veins to determine the conditions of deposition of these ore deposits. Two different vein families can be recognised in Valsassina: NNW–SSE veins characterised by a complex polymetallic sulfide–sulfosalt assemblage, also with Ni–Co–Fe arsenides and other Ag–Bi-bearing minerals; and NE–SW veins with a simpler, base metal sulfide assemblage. The Ni–Co-bearing NNW–SSE veins have some distinctive features of the ‘five-element vein’ type deposits, with the Ni–Co–Fe arsenide ore stage pre-dating a sulfide-tetrahedrite-dominated ore stage. LA–ICP–MS data for pyrite and sphalerite, and stable isotopic compositions (C and O) of the carbonate gangue minerals, show no clear differences between the two families of veins, which are probably linked genetically. The isotopic compositions of the Valsassina vein carbonates are closely comparable with the signature of several major five-element ore districts. Preliminary temperature estimates for the Valsassina vein systems were based on the sphalerite composition, applying the GGIMFis geothermometer. The estimated temperatures for the sulfide-dominated ore stage post-dating the Ni–Co minerals precipitation range between 100 and 250°C. The crosscutting relationships, observed for all the veins with the host rocks, suggest a possible late to post Variscan (late Permian) age, making these vein systems comparable with other late–post Variscan polyphase hydrothermal events affecting large sectors of the Southern Alpine domain.

Evidence suggests bidirectional relations between stress, sleep, and depressive symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood. Less research has disaggregated within- and between-person variance in these associations over time or within Latino/a college students. This study examined longitudinal, within-person reciprocal relations between stress, sleep, and depressive symptoms among 181 Latino/a adolescents (Mage = 18.10; SD = 0.41, 35% male) transitioning to college. Participants were assessed in their senior year of high school and annually until their fourth year of college. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was used to parse out within- and between-person sources of variance. Results indicated overall (between-person) relations among depressive symptoms and school/college stress and sleep problems. There were reciprocal within-person links between stress and sleep problems across the first two years of college. Within-person increases in depressive symptoms during the second year of college predicted more stress than usual in the third year, which predicted increased depressive symptoms in the fourth year. More sleep problems than usual in the third year of college predicted higher stress in the fourth year. Findings provide evidence for within-person cross-lagged relations among various domains of adjustment during college and may inform future prevention efforts for incoming Latino/a college students targeting mental health and sleep problems.

The Cognitive Bias (CogBIAS) hypothesis proposes that cognitive biases develop as a function of environmental influences (which determine the valence of biases) and the genetic susceptibility to those influences (which determines the potency of biases). The current study employed a longitudinal, polygenic-by-environment approach to examine the CogBIAS hypothesis. To this end, measures of life experiences and polygenic scores for depression were used to assess the development of memory and interpretation biases in a three-wave sample of adolescents (12–16 years) (N = 337). Using mixed effects modeling, three patterns were revealed. First, positive life experiences (PLEs) were found to diminish negative and enhance positive forms of memory and social interpretation biases. Second, and against expectation, negative life experiences and depression polygenic scores were not associated with any cognitive outcomes, upon adjusting for psychopathology. Finally, and most importantly, the interaction between high polygenic risk and greater PLEs was associated with a stronger positive interpretation bias for social situations. These results provide the first line of polygenic evidence in support of the CogBIAS hypothesis, but also extend this hypothesis by highlighting positive genetic and nuanced environmental influences on the development of cognitive biases across adolescence.

We present the case of a premature neonate with pericardial effusion secondary to extravasation of total parenteral nutrition from a mispositioned/migrated umbilical venous catheter. Emergency pericardiocentesis was complicated by an intrapericardial thrombus, which was managed conservatively with spontaneous resolution within 24 hours. This case illustrates that the rare complication of an intrapericardial thrombus after pericardiocentesis can be successfully managed conservatively with close monitoring in haemodynamically stable paediatric patients.

Through a combined ecofeminist, and critical disability philosophical analysis of the commodification of female farmed animal reproduction, the paper conceptualizes ability as a socio-capitalist construct that can carry the potential for harm. Patriarchal farmed animal capitalism relies upon the idea of naturalized ability of farmed females to be hyper-reproductive/hyper-ovulatory/hyper-lactative. This paper frames the introduced condition of hyper-ovulation in “egg” hens, or the amplification of their ability to lay through selective breeding, as reproductive impairment, and an act of violent patriarchal commodification and capitalization of female reproduction. Impairment, then, functions not just as disability, but also as ability. Focusing on our rescued chickens, the paper argues that such intentionally bred hyper-fertility manifests for individual hens in its least harmful form as chronic illness with the likelihood of everyday pain and inflammation, anxiety, and metabolic hunger; and in its most harmful form as a life-threatening condition. It then examines the subversive ecofeminist politics of using contraception for chickens in a fraught attempt to restore a closer pace of avian ovulation cycles that existed prior to their selective breeding. In allowing infertility to be restored to hen bodies, chicken contraception highlights the disappearance of intentionally introduced reproductive impairment to materialize the patriarchal-capitalist ableist construct of hens who naturally ovulate daily. Ideas of normal and natural can also thus operate in the service of ability. Ultimately, the paper positions the infertile hen as central to a fuller feminist resistance to the governance and control of the female reproductive body.

The new mineral naalasite (IMA2023–027), NaAl(AsO3OH)2⋅H2O, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it is a secondary alteration phase associated with anhydrite, juansilvaite, magnesiokoritnigite and a lavendulan-like phase. Naalasite occurs in tightly intergrown aggregates and druses of equant crystals. Crystals are light to medium pink and transparent, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ~3½. The density is 3.19(2) g⋅cm–3. Optically, naalasite is uniaxial (+), with ω = 1.630(3) and ɛ = 1.660(3) (white light). The empirical formula (based on 9 O apfu) is Na0.92Al0.61Fe3+0.39As2O9H4.07. Naalasite is trigonal, space group R32, with cell parameters: a = 8.494(4), c = 26.430(13) Å, V = 1651.5(4) Å3 and Z = 9. The structure, refined to R1 = 3.78% for 641 I > 2σI reflections, is based on a loose 3D framework of alternating AsO3OH tetrahedra and AlO6 octahedra. The structure is topologically equivalent to that of nafeasite and can be regarded as its Al analogue, even though nafeasite is monoclinic with space group C2.

Our knowledge of the institutional features of local government in Canadian cities is surprisingly fragmentary. The academic literature has long identified dominant tendencies in Canadian local institutions, but systematic empirical data has been missing. In this article, we address this gap in knowledge in two ways. We introduce the Canadian Municipal Attributes Portal (CMAP), a new open-access database that contains information on dozens of institutional features of local government for nearly 100 of the most populous municipalities in Canada. We then propose a new multidimensional index of authority concentration, which is designed to capture variation in the local structure of decision-making authority in a systematic and nuanced manner. We apply this index to a systematic pan-Canadian subsample of 65 CMAP municipalities. The result is a rich portrait of institutional variety, one that both corroborates and substantially extends our current understanding of the shape of municipal institutions in Canadian cities.

The present work studies the design of a high impedance surface (HIS)-based bowtie antenna in the framework of characteristic mode analysis (CMA) and proposes the method of higher order mode suppression. A triangular-elliptical bowtie antenna operating in the frequency range of 1.6–6 GHz is designed. The radiating and higher order modes of the proposed antenna are identified using CMA, and an HIS structure is used to enhance the desired mode and to suppress the higher order mode in order to get high gain, good front-to-back ratio (FBR), and stable radiation characteristics. The final designed HIS-based bowtie antenna gives stable radiation patterns from 1.7 to 5.5 GHz with a maximum boresight gain of 10.5 dB. Also, gain from 6.5 to 12 dB and FBR from 8 to 18 dB are obtained in the operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna features the advantages of low profile, wideband and high boresight gain making it suitable for ground-penetrating radar applications.

Contamination of surface and groundwater with glyphosate, used widely on crops to control weeds, can cause severe environmental damage. Processes for glyphosate removal from water bodies have been developed, but few are effective and all are expensive. This objective of the present study was to investigate the use of a layered double oxide as a potentially effective and inexpensive material to remove glyphosate from water. Equilibrium, kinetics, and adsorption mechanisms were evaluated, in addition to the effects of competing anions and temperature on glyphosate adsorption. Up to 95% of glyphosate was removed from a synthetic solution in 50 min by Zn2Al-LDO (layered double oxide in Zn/Al ratio of 2:1) at pH 10. The adsorption isotherms were type L and the Langmuir model best fitted the experimental data, with a qmax value of 191.96 μg mg–1 at 25°C. The XRD pattern did not support the hypothesis of intercalation of glyphosate anions, whereas Fourier-transform infrared and solid-state 13C and 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the adsorption of glyphosate anions on the Zn2Al-LDO surface, through carboxylate and phosphonate moiety interactions with end-on and side-on modes. The degree of removal of glyphosate increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing concentration of competing anions, with carbonate anions having the most prominent effect on the inhibition of glyphosate adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-first order law. Moreover, the intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process depends on the formation and thickness of the film at the solution/solid interface.

Programmes focused on buffer zones (BZs) and park revenue-sharing (PRS) are aimed at sharing protected area (PA) benefits with local communities to meet their development needs and, in turn, improve the PA–people relationship. However, whether and how these programmes improve public attitudes towards PAs is little understood. We assessed how residents perceive the benefit and burdens of Nepal’s BZ programme, which shares up to 50% of PA revenue with communities, and how this process relates to their perceptions of change in the PA–people relationship since the BZ programme was implemented. Survey results from 2122 households in the BZs of six PAs showed that residents’ perceptions of PA–people relationships had improved since the BZ programme’s implementation. Furthermore, the perceived trend in the PA–people relationship was positively related to the perception of benefits and satisfaction with coordination between the PA and local government; it was negatively related to perceived burdens of BZ-related laws in rural development, history of damage/loss from wildlife and misunderstandings of the purpose behind BZ funds being given to local communities. These findings provide valuable insights for PA managers in Nepal and worldwide in designing new or improving existing mechanisms of benefit-sharing with local people and to improve PA–people relationships.

A survey of advanced practice clinicians (APCs), physicians, residents, and medical students at an academic medical center and community practices in southeastern Texas revealed a gap in knowledge and practice related to testing and treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in older adults.

The aim of this review is to highlight the key issues in relation to food insecurity among children and young people living in Scotland. It provides an overview of the current context of food insecurity more generally within the UK and specifically in Scotland. Food insecurity has risen in Scotland evidenced through responses to national surveys and the dramatic increase in households relying on emergency food provision. Food insecurity is highest among young people, single parent families and single men. The key drivers of food insecurity include insufficient income, welfare reform, food inflation and geo-political events. Evidence suggests that food insecurity is negatively related to sufficient nutritional intake, and the implications for physical and mental health are profound. Policy actions implemented to mitigate the impact of food insecurity on children and young people include the introduction of the Scottish Child Payment, food voucher schemes, free school meals, and holiday food provision. Further evidence is required to evaluate the success of these policies in reducing or mitigating food insecurity. The review concludes by considering the ways in which a rights-based approach to food might benefit children and young people living in Scotland, and argues that wider systemic change is required.