The study was carried out in dairy cows to elucidate whether treatment of clinical mastitis quarters with Spectramast® LC (ceftiofur hydrochloride, 125 mg, Zoetis) created a reason for discarding milk from adjacent untreated healthy quarters. The antibiotic was infused once daily in the affected mammary quarter for four days. Forty-nine cows were evaluated after diagnosis of clinical mastitis in three or fewer udder quarters. In all cases, quarters that did not receive treatment had milk samples collected one day after the end of treatment. All milk samples from untreated quarters were below the maximum permissible limit for the presence of antibiotic residues after analysis with the BetaStar S Combo test. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics may explain this finding. We conclude that it is feasible to use milk from untreated quarters of animals that have been treated with Spectramast® LC. We also reiterate the need to carry out tests with other pharmacological bases, and that the results found in this experiment cannot be extrapolated to other drugs.

Dairy cattle have considerable importance in the development of the Brazilian economy, being directly linked to economic and social progress. In the first half of 2020, 12.1 billion liters of milk were produced in Brazil and in 2019, there was a new record of 25.01 billion liters produced (IBGE, 2020). This production comes from a wide variety of production systems, coming from smallholder farmers as well as from large companies that use the latest technologies available on the market. Dairy production is a complex activity. For one to obtain economical success, several aspects must be monitored. Maintaining the health of animals is a top priority, and the literature suggests that various diseases are a common challenge for dairy producers. Mastitis is the main disease that affects dairy cows, responsible for considerable economic loss and significant zootechnical and productive challenges (Ruegg, 2017). It is considered the second leading cause of cow culling in dairy herds, behind reproductive problems. Mastitis is characterized by infection of the mammary gland and may or may not occur with inflammation, generating changes in the mammary tissue and properties of the milk. It is classifield into clinical or subclinical mastitis, according to presence or absence of clinical signs, and into contagious or environmental based on the causative agent (Correa et al., 2001).

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its seamless integration with today's defense technologies and equipment raise concerns about how this may impact the application of international legal norms related to the direct and public incitement of genocide. This work elaborates on the potential difficulties resulting from the rise of AI vis-à-vis the enforcement of the Rome Statute, specifically focusing on Article 25(3)(e) and interconnected soft law instruments such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the Genocide Convention. The work concentrates on how the Rome Statute, which was designed during (and catered to) a pre-digital era, falls short in addressing the complex challenges posed by AI-driven portals. These types of portals can be utilized to plan and amplify calls for genocide in a manner that is not fully protected by the existing legal framework.

By looking at case law and engaging in theoretical and speculative analysis, this work delves into the various ways in which AI and virtual private networks (VPNs) can influence the dissemination of genocidal speech—specifically, by prioritizing user engagement over truthfulness or accuracy, necessitating a relook at what constitutes “direct and public incitement” under international law. The work also raises the question of attribution and how the atrocities committed due to such incitements might be prosecuted. Lastly, the work focuses on proposed amendments to the Rome Statute that could answer these new legal challenges while safeguarding freedom of expression.

A handful of scholars have connected objectification (treating people like objects) to personification (treating objects like people). The recurring idea is that personification may entail objectification and therefore share in the latter's ethical difficulties. This idea is defended by various feminist philosophers. They focus on how the connection manifests in the male, heterosexual consumption of pornography, grounding a constitutive ethical criticism of this pornography. In this paper, I schematize the only two arguments for this connection, showing why each fails. I revise one of the arguments to overcome my objection before showing, most significantly, that any argument with the same form must fail. I conclude by suggesting that thinking about the ethics of the imagination offers a promising alternative approach that preserves the spirit of these failed arguments.

How has mainstream academic economic discourse evolved to regain its epistemic authority after the financial crisis of 2008 revealed serious blind spots in economic modelling that shattered the profession’s claim to be able to predict and control macroeconomic variables? To answer this question, we combine content with bibliometric analyses of nearly 70,000 papers on macroeconomics and finance published in academic journals from 1990 to 2019. These analyses reveal how a structural rapprochement between macroeconomics and finance created the new subfield of macro-finance. We show that contributions by central bank economists, driven by central banks’ newly acquired macroprudential mandate, were key to its establishment. Acting within the space of regulatory science, they connected macroeconomic and financial knowledge to satisfy their employers’ administrative needs, while also helping to bridge the gaping hole in economic discourse, thereby taking on an important stabilizing role for the epistemic authority of economics.

This article examines the literature on popular liberalism in nineteenth-century Mexico and the shortcomings of two interpretations: popular liberalism as an alternative to elite liberalism, and popular liberalism as a strategy to ultimately pursue non-liberal ends. It argues that both interpretations tend to overstate the distance between the liberal elite and its popular supporters because of an unexamined, dichotomous conception of liberalism and the people (generally Indigenous and non-Indigenous peasants) as opposites. It draws its examples from studies of local politics and sides with the interpretation of ‘liberalism tout court’ as the best available option to avoid reifications of liberalism and the popular.

In a seminal essay, Lila Abu-Lughod addresses “The Romance of Resistance,” suggesting that widespread scholarly interest in unlikely and quotidian forms of resistance is romanticizing. Rather than identifying resistance as proof of the ineffectiveness of systems of power, she contends that scholars might more productively consider how resistance is embedded in, and can serve as a diagnostic of, power. Writing in a Foucauldian vein, she reminds “where there is resistance, there is power.” If Abu-Lughod cautions against romanticizing resistance, in this response I take up a similarly critical stance toward disruption. Following Abu-Lughod's formula and drawing on my own experience as an ethnographer of music and sound in Turkish modernity, I suggest that where there is disruption, there is order, and that disruption might therefore become a site for diagnosis of order.

We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes’ neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.e. < 35·0 ml/kg/d). In the intervention, participants will be randomly assigned to the control (CG, n 19) or experimental group (EG, n 19). During the 4-day intervention, WI will be maintained in the CG and increased in the EG (i.e. > 45·0 ml/kg/d). Exercise-induced dehydration protocols with thermal stress will be performed before and after the intervention. Neuromuscular performance (knee extension/flexion with electromyography and handgrip), hydration indexes (serum, urine and saliva osmolality), body water compartments and water flux (dilution techniques, body composition (four-compartment model) and biochemical parameters (vasopressin and Na) will be evaluated. This trial will provide novel evidence about the effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function and hydration status in athletes with low WI, providing useful information for athletes and sports-related professionals aiming to improve athletic performance.