Let us say that a graph $G$ is Ramsey for a tuple $(H_1,\ldots,H_r)$ of graphs if every r-colouring of the edges of G contains a monochromatic copy of $H_i$ in colour i, for some $i \in [\![{r}]\!]$. A famous conjecture of Kohayakawa and Kreuter, extending seminal work of Rödl and Ruciński, predicts the threshold at which the binomial random graph $G_{n,p}$ becomes Ramsey for $(H_1,\ldots,H_r)$ asymptotically almost surely.

In this paper, we resolve the Kohayakawa–Kreuter conjecture for almost all tuples of graphs. Moreover, we reduce its validity to the truth of a certain deterministic statement, which is a clear necessary condition for the conjecture to hold. All of our results actually hold in greater generality, when one replaces the graphs $H_1,\ldots,H_r$ by finite families $\mathcal{H}_1,\ldots,\mathcal{H}_r$. Additionally, we pose a natural (deterministic) graph-partitioning conjecture, which we believe to be of independent interest, and whose resolution would imply the Kohayakawa–Kreuter conjecture.

Today, the range of the genus Euthria encompasses the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic, the region around southern Africa, and extends into the western Indo-Pacific. The genus, which has a geological history dating back to the Eocene of Europe, has recently undergone taxonomic revision in several European Neogene basins. These studies revealed a pronounced expansion during the Oligocene and Neogene in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region and the Paratethys, and these studies highlighted the overall diversity of the genus combined with a pronounced regional endemism. This paper reviews the fossil record of the genus in the western Iberian Pliocene of the Cainozoic Mondego Basin of Portugal. Two new species endemic to western Iberia with protoconchs showing non-planktotrophic developmental traits have emerged: Euthria galopimi n. sp. and Euthria lockleyi n. sp. These results reinforce the glocal character of Euthria, a genus that is both widespread and diversified, but simultaneously showing a high endemism. The contribution of nonplanktotrophic development to this scenario is discussed. Although well represented in the fossil record of Atlantic France, in present-day European waters, Euthria is represented by a single species, E. cornea (Linnaeus, 1758), and only in the Mediterranean and the northern shores of the Gulf of Cadiz. As with other warm-water molluscan taxa, the northern distribution limit of Euthria in the Atlantic has shifted southward since the Early to mid-Pliocene due to global cooling events and decreasing sea surface temperatures.

http://zoobank.org/2A64f041-8e17-491e-8782-a31a9c5dfd57

Powered by Marxist ideology, Revolutionary Socialist (RS) armed groups launched formidable challenges against incumbent regimes during the historical era of the Cold War. As both transformational and transnational actors, they were optimally positioned to execute a revolutionary war doctrine that called for a highly integrated political and military organization that could weave a dense web of interactions with civilian populations. Civil wars featuring RS rebels tended to be robust insurgencies, that is, irregular wars that lasted longer and produced more battlefield fatalities compared to other civil wars. However, this superior capacity failed to translate into a higher rate of victories—hence, a “Marxist Paradox.” By posing a credible threat, RS rebellions engendered equally powerful regime counter-mobilizations. We show how ideology shaped armed conflict in a particular world-historical time and point to implications for the current state of civil conflict.

In this paper, we establish homological Berglund–Hübsch mirror symmetry for curve singularities where the A–model incorporates equivariance, otherwise known as homological Berglund–Hübsch–Henningson mirror symmetry, including for certain deformations of categories. More precisely, we prove a conjecture of Futaki and Ueda which posits that the equivariance in the A–model can be incorporated by pulling back the superpotential to the total space of the corresponding crepant resolution. Along the way, we show that the B–model category of matrix factorisations has a tilting object whose length is the dimension of the state space of the Fan–Jarvis–Ruan–Witten (FJRW) A–model, a result which might be of independent interest for its implications in the Landau–Ginzburg analogue of Dubrovin’s conjecture.

The ground effect phenomenon caused by helicopters in proximity to the ground results in helicopters experiencing a distinctive phenomenon known as brownout in a multiphase environment. However, the substantial computational volume associated with current numerical simulations conducted using the coupled CFD-DEM method restricts the scope of current studies on brownout to individual cases. Consequently, it is currently not feasible to make realistic predictions regarding the impact of rotor design parameters on brownout. In order to make full use of the conclusions of the existing theoretical studies and, at the same time, to save computational resources as much as possible, this paper proposes a novel approach of brownout prediction based on the analysis of the helicopter ground effect flow field eigen quantities in order to gain insight into the nature of the phenomenon of brownout. Firstly, a new approach for predicting helicopter brownout is constructed for the well-developed late-stage ground effect flow field. This is achieved by analysing the rotor flow field characteristics and combining the Greely-Iversen expression in particle dynamics to extract the eigen quantities of each region of the flow field. Secondly, the results of the flow field calculations at different heights are analysed using the aforementioned approach. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by comparing the results with those of CFD-DEM calculations. Ultimately, the results of the numerical simulation of the flow field, when combined with the established prediction approach, allow for the prediction of the brownout phenomenon generated by multiple blade tip shape rotors with different design parameters. Furthermore, a comparative study of the influence of blade tip vortex strength on the development of brownout is conducted, which demonstrates that the rotors of the backswept blade tip have been observed to exert a certain positive effect on the inhibition of brownout, although this influence is limited. In contrast, the rotors of the anhedral blade tip have been seen to transport smaller but larger sand particles with greater efficiency and to re-enter the brownout cycle with greater directness. The rotors of the forward-swept blade tip have been found to cause larger sand particles to participate in the brownout, while simultaneously weakening the transport capacity, which has been resulted in a reduction in the overall degree of brownout.

This article takes the fate of industrial wealth in East-Central and Southeast Europe through the ruptures of the twentieth century as a case study. It compares post-imperial transitions in East-Central Europe to regime changes in the 1940s and after 1989. It maintains that the peculiarities of post-imperial transitions and the uniquely high leverage available to Austro-Hungarian industrialists to preserve their assets despite geopolitical transformations after 1918 come to the fore especially clearly when we compare them to the ruptures by the Holocaust and subsequently by the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe. Industrialist Ferenc Chorin Jr. (1879–1964), a Hungarian of Jewish origins with major investments in Transylvania's coal mines, was among those key industrialists who lived through both world wars, passing away in 1964 in New York. The article uses his life as a thread to show how the fate of a business family can influence mainstream narratives of modern European history, usually driven by a concentration on political ruptures.

Over the past half-century, there have been significant advances towards workplace gender equality. However, Australia’s working women continue to earn less than men. A key reason is that occupational segregation has maintained very high levels of feminisation in frontline care and other occupations, including in many ‘ancillary’ or supportive roles, which employ large numbers of women and where skills may not be readily recognised and valued. This article explores the way one set of highly segregated ancillary occupations, receptionists, are vulnerable to gender-based undervaluation and argues that this group warrants further attention in strategies to promote workplace gender equality. First, the article outlines the legislative changes, which have recast regulatory attention to low pay and undervaluation in highly feminised occupations and industries, then draws on Australian Bureau of Statistics data to show the presence of several ancillary occupations among Australia’s most feminised. The article then narrows to examine health care reception and reviews the small body of literature that explores the complex, invisible skills this work involves. The example of health care reception underlines the need for gender equality strategies that challenge constructions of women’s jobs as peripheral and subordinate to male-dominated roles, and which recognise and make visible the skills and contributions that women make in a fuller range of feminised occupations.

Obtaining losers’ consent after an election is often taken for granted in liberal democracies. However, it can pose a real challenge for any type of democratic decision-making in which participants hold conflicting views about the issues of the day. In this research note, we examine losers’ reactions to the votes taken in a citizen deliberative assembly. In such an assembly, much effort is devoted to informing the participants about the merits and limits of various options and ensuring that they form their own reasoned opinions about the issue. Based on this information, people are bound to reach different conclusions, and any vote on a specific option therefore generates winners and losers. While there is a large literature exploring the winner-loser gap in elections, we know little about how participants in a deliberative assembly react when they realize that the assembly chooses a different position than theirs. We leverage data from a citizen assembly held in Canada. We find a high degree of satisfaction with the conduct of the assembly, among both winners and losers.

Benzimidazoles are the most frequently prescribed therapeutic options for treating trichinellosis in clinical settings; however, they have a lot of disadvantages. Therefore, researchers are focusing on the hunt for substitute chemicals. The goal of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of albendazole and the anti-diabetic medication metformin loaded on chitosan nanoparticles in treating mice infected with various stages of T. spiralis infection. 160 mice were included in the present study and divided into 8 groups: 6 experimentally treated groups, and positive and negative control groups. For studying the intestinal and parenteral phase, each group was broken into two more subgroups (a and b) according to the time of drug administration. The effects of albendazole, albendazole-loaded NPs, metformin, metformin-loaded NPs, combined albendazole and metformin, and metformin and albendazole-loaded NPs were assessed using parasitological studies, histopathological examination, and ultrastructural examination using SEM.

Statistically significant differences were detected in all studied subgroups compared to the control infected subgroup both in the intestinal and muscular phases. The greatest decrease in recovered adult worm and muscle larvae numbers was achieved by ABZ & MET/ Cs NPs. These findings were confirmed by histopathological examination. SEM examination of the tegument of T. spirals adult worms and muscle larvae showed destruction with multiple degenerative changes.

Our results suggested that metformin and its combination with albendazole especially when loaded on chitosan nanoparticles could be potential therapeutic alternative drugs against trichinellosis.

This paper examines a series of consonantal alternations conveying ‘affective’ meanings in the South American language Mapudungun (Catrileo 1986, 2010, 2022). The processes target the rich four-place coronal inventory of the language by shifting consonants in root morphemes to palatal or dental articulations. The palatalisations are cross-linguistically common in implying small size, tenderness, closeness, and politeness (e.g. [naʐki] ‘cat’ [ɲaʃki] ‘kitty’); however, the effects of dentalisation are more unexpected, implying distance, abruptness, sarcasm, and rudeness (e.g. [naʐki] ‘cat’ [n̪aθki] ‘damned cat’). While speakers evidently seem to assign sound symbolic value to the alternations, the patterns do not align neatly with cross-linguistically expected ‘synaesthetic’ correspondences, particularly to do with size symbolism and acoustic frequency (Ohala 1984, 1994). Based on historical metalinguistic commentary and corpus data, I argue that the Mapudungun alternations are long-established in the language, showing a variety of lexicalised forms, and being deeply grammatically entrenched both in their semantico-pragmatic implications and their morpho-phonological structure. As such, any sound-symbolic patterns are fundamentally subordinate to the grammatical architecture. I propose that a more parsimonious analysis of the patterns is an autosegmental one, where floating evaluative morphemes (diminutives and augmentatives) spread [distributed] and [anterior] feature nodes to the target coronal consonants, along with their language-specific pragmatics.

Gender quotas are used to elect most of the world’s legislatures. Still, critics contend that quotas are undemocratic, eroding institutional legitimacy. We examine whether quotas diminish citizens’ faith in political decisions and decision-making processes. Using survey experiments in 12 democracies with over 17,000 respondents, we compare the legitimacy-conferring effects of both quota-elected and non-quota elected local legislative councils relative to all-male councils. Citizens strongly prefer gender balance, even when it is achieved through quotas. Though we observe a quota penalty, wherein citizens prefer gender balance attained without a quota relative to quota-elected institutions, this penalty is often small and insignificant, especially in countries with higher-threshold quotas. Quota debates are thus better framed around the most relevant counterfactual: the comparison is not between women’s descriptive representation with and without quotas, but between men’s political dominance and women’s inclusion.

This article examines the challenges of subject formation within state-building efforts by analyzing Keyhān-e Bachcheh-hā (Children’s Universe), a widely circulated Iranian children’s magazine during the post-revolutionary period. Through analyzing the magazine’s content from 1979 to 1989, when the Islamic Republic was consolidating its power and building institutions, this study reveals how the publication served as a key informal education platform, attempting to create politically conscious yet ideologically compliant young citizens. While the magazine aimed to cultivate revolutionary consciousness through anti-imperialist rhetoric and Islamic values, it simultaneously imposed rigid behavioral and ideological boundaries to produce what I term “docile revolutionary children.” The research demonstrates how political themes permeated every aspect of the magazine—from stories and poems to puzzles and contests—transforming it from an entertainment platform into a vehicle for political socialization. Through examination of revolutionary and wartime discourses, gender representation, and the promotion of social humility, this study argues that Keyhān-e Bachcheh-hā embodied a fundamental tension in the state’s vision of ideal citizenship: the simultaneous demand for revolutionary agency and absolute submission to clerical authority. This research contributes to our understanding of how post-revolutionary states employ cultural institutions to shape young citizens and the inherent contradictions in such efforts at political socialization.

This article examines the role of British imperial constitutional law in the Zionist campaign against establishing a Legislative Council in Palestine during the early 1930s. At the time, the British government sought to introduce limited self-government in Palestine through a parliamentary institution that would include both locals and British officials. However, the Zionist leadership opposed this initiative, fearing that a representative institution reflecting the country’s demographics would threaten the development of the Jewish National Home. This article explores the Zionist engagement with the British imperial constitutional experience within its campaign against the Legislative Council, emphasizing the strategic application of British constitutional law by two Zionist officials, Leo Kohn and Chaim Arlosoroff. Through this case, the article highlights the influence of British constitutional law on interactions between national movements and the British Empire. It argues that the British imperial system offered an adaptable and flexible political framework. The Zionists’ attentiveness to this flexibility not only sheds light on the interplay between Zionism and the British Empire during the mandatory period but also underscores the place of constitutional flexibility in political debates within the British Empire.