The Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources recommend that genebanks periodically monitor the change in viability of their stored germplasm to ensure timely regeneration. The Australian Grains Genebank (AGG) has been recording germination data on orthodox seeds from tropical grain crops, stored under long-term storage (−20°C), for 40 years. Real-time viability data, collated from germination tests carried out on seedlots which had been in storage for a minimum of 20 years, from six agriculturally important grain crops (Sorghum bicolor, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Vigna radiata, Cajanus cajan and Vigna angularis) was analysed by probit analysis. For each species independently, a common loss in viability was observed for all seedlots showing a consistent decline in viability during storage; with observed longevity estimates (σ; time for viability to fall by 1 NED/probit) of 17.4, 30.7, 33.2 49.6, 48.8, 63.5 and years for Vigna angularis, Cajanus cajan, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Sorghum bicolor, and Vigna radiata, respectively. Common values of σ were subsequently used to determine species-specific viability monitoring intervals, based on the results of the last germination test. Dynamic monitoring intervals are a cost-efficient strategy that will avoid the over-use of seed through too frequent viability monitoring whilst still ensuring the timely regeneration of material. With funding shortfalls often reported as the main contributing factor to regeneration and viability testing backlogs, the ability for genebanks to maximise cost-efficiencies, where possible, is paramount to secure the genetic integrity of stored germplasm; particularly as collections continue to grow.

The emergence of a cohort of Malaysia-born writers producing works in English from metropolitan centres in the West alongside a growing body of Mahua (or Malaysian Chinese) literature, whose practitioners are ethnic Chinese based primarily in Taiwan and writing in Chinese, constitutes two principal trajectories in contemporary Malaysian literature. Yet, comparative discussions between Anglophone and Sinophone Malaysian literatures remain scarce. This paper seeks to address this gap by proposing the Nanyang (literally, the “South Seas”) as a decolonial framework that reveals how these literatures delink from colonial legacies and state-centric imaginaries while enacting epistemic disobedience through pluriversal engagement. The Nanyang as a pluriverse does not merely entail the coexistence of these distinct literary traditions but emerges as a non-hierarchical space of convergence for Anglophone and Sinophone Malaysia, both in the literary worlds constructed by their authors and the cultural spaces they inhabit. By examining Tash Aw and Ng Kim Chew as exemplars of Anglophone and Sinophone Malaysian literary trajectories, respectively, this paper illustrates how these marginalised literary traditions converge through complex negotiations of nationalist, global, and diasporic hegemonies, reimagining the Nanyang as a pluriverse of routes and relationality. This reframing also positions the Nanyang as a site of “stateless poetics” and the “diasporic local,” concepts that challenge institutionalised paradigms of Malaysian literary and cultural production, which continue to marginalise non-Malay linguistic traditions. The paper concludes by gesturing to other Southeast Asian littoral imaginaries to support ongoing Global South dialogues on relationality, plurilingualism, and decolonial aesthetics.

We report the case of a 15-year-old male patient with severe pulmonary regurgitation who successfully underwent Alterra Adaptive Prestent implantation through the right jugular vein because of bilateral femoral vein occlusion.

Brain development and face morphology are related through underlying biological mechanisms, namely embryonic neuroectodermal processes. This study examined whether the facial parameters identified in children can help understand the neurodevelopmental impact of prenatal exposures on child behavior. We studied 9- to 10-year-old children of European descent from Generation R Study (N = 2,779) with three-dimensional face photographs. With an AI model of a 3D graph autoencoder, each facial shape was compressed into 200 traits representing facial morphology. We examined associations of traits with internalizing and externalizing behaviors and attention problems. Next, select prenatal substance and micronutrient exposures were related to facial traits using adjusted linear regression analyses. We identified a robust association between one specific facial trait and attention problem scores (β = −1.47, p = 0.038). This trait features chin retrusion, mild nasal contour variation, nose tip protrusion, and overall facial asymmetry. Higher prenatal vitamin D and folic acid concentrations were associated with more facial curvature (β = 0.0001, 95%CI: 0.00001 to 0.0002, p = 0.002; and β = 0.0003, 95%CI: 0.00002 to 0.0005, p = 0.03 accordingly), while prenatal tobacco smoking showed a negative association both until the mother became aware of pregnancy (β = −0.008, 95%CI: −0.0135 to −0.0014, p = 0.02) and throughout pregnancy (β = −0.006, 95%CI: −0.0113 to −0.0005, p = 0.03). Findings suggest that facial morphology may serve as a marker of impaired neuroectodermal development. Leveraging its association with attention problems enabled a robust examination of prenatal exposures’ impact. The associations of maternal smoking, vitamin D, and folic acid concentrations with facial morphology provide insights into the origins of neurodevelopment.

Estimates of marine reservoir corrections (ΔR) in the southeastern Arabian Sea region are limited. To better constrain the region’s marine reservoir corrections, additional pre-bomb radiocarbon records are needed. In this context, a coral core from the Lakshadweep archipelago in the southeastern Arabian Sea has been analyzed to measure its radiocarbon content. Pre-bomb radiocarbon values from the coral record are used to estimate the marine reservoir correction value of the region. The mean ΔR value of the Lakshadweep region is calculated to be –128 ± 130 yr. The comparison of available ΔR values from the Arabian Sea region shows that the mean ΔR value of the eastern Arabian Sea is significantly lower than that of the northern and western Arabian Sea. The low ΔR values from the eastern Arabian Sea likely indicate the influence of relatively 14C-enriched Bay of Bengal water in the region.

This article examines Group G, a commoner household at the Classic-period Maya site of Chinikihá (a.d. 200–900), to explore how daily practices, household rituals, and architectural histories intersected within domestic space. Excavations revealed well-preserved architecture, including a patio, kitchen, and dwelling, with evidence of construction events, ritual offerings, and long-term maintenance. Soil chemical analyses identified signatures of food preparation, consumption, and maintenance activities through residues of phosphates, proteins, fatty acids, and carbohydrates, alongside charcoal and paleoethnobotanical remains. Combined with botanical evidence such as Guadua (bamboo) and pine (Pinus sp.), these results underscore the importance of kitchens, patios, and altars as spaces of production, memory, and ritual practice. Residues preserved in floors and surfaces provide intimate insights into daily activities while situating households within broader cultural and cosmological frameworks. By focusing on a non-ruling-elite domestic group, this research highlights the resilience of Indigenous technologies and practices and their enduring continuity into modern Maya communities, contributing to broader discussions on social organization, identity, and tradition in ancient Mesoamerica.

Strategy research has long linked sustained competitive advantage to barriers to imitation. We highlight network effects as an alternative mechanism and adopt a geotemporal perspective to theorize how firms sustain advantage as it unfolds over time in international markets. Our study examines this question through the performance persistence of social platforms, focusing on how institutional and demand-side conditions shape the sustainability of platforms’ competitive advantages. We propose that intellectual property rights protection may restrict the degree of freedom in information dissemination, dampening the role of network effects in sustaining superior performance, whilst demand heterogeneity may enhance the value of sizable network membership for information consumption. Evidence from a cross-country dataset of platforms supports these predictions. These findings enrich our understanding of how geographic variations shape the endurance of a platform’s competitive advantage over time, offering implications for both global strategy and platform governance.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether hair can be used as a non-invasive sample material that is less influenced by homeostasis than blood. Blood analysis is an invasive method of assessing trace element status, concentrations can be influenced by homeostasis, and they might not accurately reflect the true status of the animal. Thus, hair samples could play an important non-invasive role in diagnosing chronic deficiencies. The study group included 100 veal calves of a variety of different breeds and crossbreeds aged between 2 and 5 months, consisting of both sexes. Samples were taken to compare different locations and colours of hair. The concentration of trace elements Mn, Fe, Se, Co, Cu, Zn and Mo of different coloured ear and shoulder hair (black, brown and white) were measured, and concentrations were compared with those in the liver, kidney, muscle and blood plasma. All samples were measured with triple-quadrupole collision/reaction cell ICP-MS. This study showed that both hair colour and hair location have an influence on trace element concentration. In this animal series, no strong correlations could be found between trace element concentrations in hair and other tissues, suggesting that such an approach is only feasible when a heterogeneous animal series is used. Whether hair is a feasible sample material for trace element analysis cannot be conclusively answered; a larger sample size and further studies on other influencing factors would have been required. In addition, the procedure would need to be highly standardized, as both sampling localization and hair colour appear to have an influence.