Our aim is to illuminate the persistent problem of evidence in cases of sexual violence in conflict zones by investigating the relationship between archival practices and processes of legal redress. This special issue consists of six essays, with contributors drawn from the disciplines of history and law. In temporal terms, the cases range from the seventeenth century to the late twentieth century; spatially, they address conflicts in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the United States. The case studies each offer an overview of “their archive,” explain its creation and limitations, and address its political logic and uses. As we interrogate archives, where evidence of sexual violence is located, it is critical that we note three things. First, to understand the nature and political construction of the archive. Second, to use this insight to interpret and assess the nexus of power relations within which historical and contemporary actors operate. Finally, to remember the inescapable limits of the evidence that shape the pursuit of justice, past or present.

We report a rare case of a 3-month-old male infant with Down syndrome, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (a large patent ductus arteriosus, an atrial septal defect, and a giant hepatic arteriovenous malformation). Initial treatment involved hepatic arteriovenous malformation embolisation using 17 Azur® CX Peripheral Coils, resulting in clinical improvement. However, persistent pulmonary arterial hypertension led to patent ductus arteriosus closure using an 8-mm Lifetech Cera™ vascular plug after a successful balloon occlusion test. Post-intervention, the patient showed symptomatic relief, reduced right ventricular overload, and atrial septal defect shunting shifted to left to right. This is the first reported paediatric case combining these features successfully managed through a multidisciplinary and stepwise treatment approach, eliminating the need for liver transplantation.

Thomas Aquinas argues that ‘Old Law’, comprised of the precepts found in the Hebrew Bible, should be divided into three types: moral, ceremonial and judicial. His system is meant to be instructive for Christian ethics, distinguishing between eternally, universally binding precepts relevant to Christians and other irrelevant or even forbidden ones. But Aquinas derives this threefold division from a mistranslated Vulgate passage from Deuteronomy where a singular noun, mitzvah, is translated as a plural noun: praecepta. Based on the original Hebrew, the verse actually supports a twofold division, not a threefold one. Aquinas’ system also runs into issues when it comes to sorting the precepts. To fix the sorting, retain the instructive benefit, and shed the biblical tension, we ought to keep Aquinas’ understanding of ‘moral law’, but discard the judicial and ceremonial categories in favour of one ‘cultural law’ category, in line with the popular Jewish philosophical division between chukim and mishpatim.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and genetics of Raillietiella gigliolii, an endoparasitic pentastomid found in amphisbaenians. The research was based on specimens deposited in the Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), as well as newly collected individuals from the Brazilian Caatinga. Detailed morphological descriptions were carried out, including measurements of the hooks, cephalothorax, tail, buccal cadre, and the copulatory spicule in males. In parallel, the first molecular characterisation of this species was performed, targeting the mitochondrial COI gene (barcode region). All specimens exhibited consistent morphotypes, particularly in the shape of the hooks, with no observable variation between males and females, nor between individuals parasitising different hosts (Amphisbaena alba and A. vermicularis). Molecular analyses revealed a well-supported monophyletic clade, with no detectable genetic divergence among individuals, confirming both the morphological stability and genetic delimitation of the species. These findings support the recognition of R. gigliolii as a clearly delineated species, currently restricted to amphisbaenians, which does not exhibit significant morphological variability, in contrast to other congeners.

The global transformation of the economy towards a digital one has fundamentally restructured business operations, economic models, and tax practices. With digital technologies and electronic communications embedded within industries, the digital economy has fostered innovative business models, transformed user behaviors, and increased operational efficiency. However, such a revolution has come at the price of exposing the limitations of traditional international tax models based on physical presence and tangible properties. The entry of borderless, intangible, and platform-based economic activities necessitates urgent tax redesign, especially amid digital businesses, which increasingly interact across borders yet leave no traditional physical presence.

This research describes the revolutionary influence of the digital economy on cross-border taxation, deconstructs the traditional conceptualization of the permanent establishment (PE), and evaluates the emergent principle of “tax where value is generated” based on recent literature as well as emerging global reform approaches.

To fully understand resilience and to inform resilience-promoting interventions, it is important to explore how resilience develops and the factors that influence it. Using a multidimensional approach that considers both well-being resilience (higher than expected wellbeing after adversity) and depression resilience (lower than expected depression after adversity), this study examined resilience trajectories among Chinese 0adolescents and the associations of gratitude and perceived stress with resilience trajectories. Data from a four-wave longitudinal study were analyzed from 563 Chinese adolescents (mean age at Time 1 = 12.83 years, 51.87% boys). Parallel-process latent class growth modeling identified four distinct trajectories of resilience development: flourishing resilience (increasing resilience; 21.67%), increasing wellbeing resilience but decreasing depression resilience (28.24%), declining resilience (29.48%), and increasing depression resilience but decreasing wellbeing resilience (20.61%). Gratitude was associated with greater odds of being in the flourishing resilience group. Furthermore, perceived stress was associated with lower odds of being in the flourishing resilience group and higher odds of being in the declining resilience group. The findings suggest that resilience is a dynamic and multidimensional construct with highly heterogeneous developmental trajectories. Gratitude and perceived stress may be effective targets for interventions to enhance adolescent resilience.

With a larger and more diverse set of countries than Cuzán and Heggen (2023a) studied, this article completes a general path of incumbencies that was partially traced by their “cruise and crash” model of the cost of ruling. The missing piece is a bump in the share of the vote in the party’s first reelection. The electoral “bonus” holds more or less steadily until the crash, at which point the vote plunges about 20% below the original win. The analysis suggests that the path of the vote in long-term incumbencies follows a general pattern that is shaped like an inverted asymmetrical letter U or W.

Nonviolent resistance against rebels has received increasing scholarly attention over the past decade. Research has explained why and when civilians engage in resistance or place different types of demands on rebels. However, the question of whether nonviolent resistance succeeds or fails to achieve its objectives remains understudied. This article addresses this gap by theorising and testing three key factors that shape rebel responses to civilian resistance: the nature of civilian demands, the power of civilian resisters, and the rebels’ own power. Fieldwork in Colombia’s Caquetá region reveals that FARC rebels accommodated civilian demands only when these did not threaten their strategic goals. The group responded with repression whenever resisters clashed with its politico-military objectives. While unarmed resistance campaigns have successfully overthrown repressive states, there is no evidence for civilians in Colombia or elsewhere managing to push armed groups to make far-reaching concessions, let alone defeat rebels via nonviolent action only.