This article explores the multifaceted landscape of music literacy education in South African secondary schools through an anagrammatic lens. Music literacy education is symbolised by the anagrams ‘NAOUIEDCT’ and ‘RCSSEOEUR’, encapsulating resource-related, cultural and pedagogical complexities. This comparison of music literacy education to anagrams creates an interesting analogy that can shed light on the complexity and challenges inherent in the situation. It aims to unravel these complexities, like solving a multifaceted puzzle. Thus, the result of this qualitative interpretive research project is the transformation of a complex challenge (conundrum) into symbolic puzzles (anagrams), aiming to decipher the intricacies of music literacy education. This methodology offers an approach to foster engagement and collaborative work toward future solutions. Through a comprehensive exploration, this research aims to unravel the layers of challenges inherent in Music Education, offering insights and recommendations for a nuanced and enriched educational experience. The data for this research project were collected through semi-structured interviews and, consequently, a thematic content analysis was carried out, first in a descriptive level of analysis, followed by a conceptual level of analysis. Computer-aided qualitative analysis software, namely ATLAS.tiTM23, played a valuable and significant role in both the literature review and thematic content analysis phases of this study.

In this paper, we study the employment of $\Sigma _1$-sentences with certificates, i.e., $\Sigma _1$-sentences where a number of principles is added to ensure that the witness is sufficiently number-like. We develop certificates in some detail and illustrate their use by reproving some classical results and proving some new ones. An example of such a classical result is Vaught’s theorem of the strong effective inseparability of $\mathsf {R}_0$.

We also develop the new idea of a theory being $\mathsf {R}_{0\mathsf {p}}$-sourced. Using this notion, we can transfer a number of salient results from $\mathsf {R}_0$ to a variety of other theories.

This research aimed to develop biomarkers for estimating ammonia (NH3) emissions from dairy cattle manure over a 15-day in vitro incubation system. To generate different levels of NH3 emissions, the experiment utilized four manure experimental groups: 1 urinary nitrogen (U) to 1 faecal nitrogen (F) ratio (CT), 2 U to 1 F ratio (2U1F), and CT and 2U1F with lignite application (CT + L and 2U1F + L, respectively). The addition of lignite to ruminant manure aimed to enhance environmental sustainability through its beneficial properties. Three biomarkers, nitrogen (N) isotopic fractionation (δ15N), N: potassium (K) ratio, and N: phosphorus (P) ratio, were investigated. Manure δ15N increased linearly when NH3 emission increased in CT and 2U1F groups (R2 = 0.79 and 0.90, respectively; P ≤ 0.001), while manure N: P decreased when NH3 emission increased in CT + L and 2U1F + L groups (R2 = 0.73 and 0.85, respectively; P ≤ 0.001). No useful relationship was found between N: K and NH3 emission, apart from in 2U1F group (R2 = 0.84; P ≤ 0.001). The experiment found manure δ15N and N: P are complementary biomarkers to predict NH3 emissions, from non-lignite and lignite groups, respectively.

In this paper the performance of an internal strut-based thrust vector control (TVC) system has been studied at different expansion conditions of propulsion nozzle. The TVC system uses a cylindrical strut inserted through the diverging wall of a supersonic nozzle. This TVC system can be construed as an alternative to secondary injection TVC method. The nozzle had an expansion ratio of 1.545 and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 6.61 for optimum expansion. Numerical simulations were performed at over-expansion (NPR = 3.94) and under-expansion (NPR = 7.89) conditions for four strut locations (xs) and five strut heights (hs). The strut location from the nozzle throat corresponded to 33%, 50%, 66.7% and 80% of the diverging length (Ld) of the nozzle. The schlieren images of the nozzle exhaust and nozzle internal wall pressure distribution from experiments were compared with the results from numerical simulation and the agreement was quite good. Computational results show that introduction of the strut caused a maximum total pressure loss of 1.5% at its maximum height. The calculations also show that $ \pm $4${}^{\circ}$ thrust deflection angle could be achieved using combinations of strut location and strut height over a range of nozzle operational conditions. Thrust vectoring performance of strut insertion TVC was evaluated using a parameter called vectoring performance index (VPI) defined as thrust deflection angle per unit percentage of pressure loss. The maximum VPI was observed when xs=0.5Ld at ${\bar{h_s}} = 0.429$ in both over-expansion and under-expansion conditions. The study reveals that an internal strut based TVC has a good future potential to be developed as an alternate TVC system obviating the requirement of carrying a fluid tank for a system like secondary injection TVC.

A large literature considers the mid-century a key turning point in punitive public opinion in the United States. This article examines racial and geographic heterogeneity in changing public opinion during the mid-century using data on death penalty support from as early as 1953. I find that the punitive turn is characterized by divergence in death penalty support between Black and White people, and that White Southerners grew more supportive than Whites in the non-South from before to after the turn. Additional tests identify that this regional divergence is unlikely to have arisen by chance. Heterogeneity in partisanship and responsiveness to regional violent crime support is consistent with the idea that crime rates themselves were meaningful in punitive attitude formation only insofar as they were mediated by additional socio-political forces.

Several structural results about permutation groups of finite rank definable in differentially closed fields of characteristic zero (and other similar theories) are obtained. In particular, it is shown that every finite rank definably primitive permutation group is definably isomorphic to an algebraic permutation group living in the constants. Applications include the verification, in differentially closed fields, of the finite Morley rank permutation group conjectures of Borovik-Deloro and Borovik-Cherlin. Applying the results to binding groups for internality to the constants, it is deduced that if complete types p and q are of rank m and n, respectively, and are nonorthogonal, then the $(m+3)$rd Morley power of p is not weakly orthogonal to the $(n+3)$rd Morley power of q. An application to transcendence of generic solutions of pairs of algebraic differential equations is given.

In this article, we study the action of the the Hilbert matrix operator $H$ from the space of bounded analytic functions into conformally invariant Banach spaces. In particular, we describe the norm of $H$ from $H^\infty $ into $\text {BMOA}$ and we characterize the positive Borel measures $\mu $ such that $H$ is bounded from $H^\infty $ into the conformally invariant Dirichlet space $M(D_\mu )$. For particular measures $\mu $, we also provide the norm of $H$ from $H^\infty $ into $M(D_\mu )$.

Robot pick-and-place for unknown objects is still a very challenging research topic. This paper proposes a multi-modal learning method for robot one-shot imitation of pick-and-place tasks. This method aims to enhance the generality of industrial robots while reducing the amount of data and training costs the one-shot imitation method relies on. The method first categorizes human demonstration videos into different tasks, and these tasks are classified into six types to symbolize as many types of pick-and-place tasks as possible. Second, the method generates multi-modal prompts and finally predicts the action of the robot and completes the symbolic pick-and-place task in industrial production. A carefully curated dataset is created to complement the method. The dataset consists of human demonstration videos and instance images focused on real-world scenes and industrial tasks, which fosters adaptable and efficient learning. Experimental results demonstrate favorable success rates and loss results both in simulation environments and real-world experiments, confirming its effectiveness and practicality.

Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are a ubiquitous family of true flies known for their hovering mating displays and pollinating behaviour. The flower fly genus Pterallastes Loew is represented by Pterallastes thoracicus Loew in North America, and its previously published range encompasses only the United States of America. Here, we report two new records for Canada and a previously overlooked historical record for the country. These data were used to generate an updated range map for the species, with additional iNaturalist records further expanding its known distribution in the United States of America. Finally, flower associations and natural history data for the species gathered from iNaturalist photos are discussed briefly.

Recent increases in seawater temperature have been predicted to induce a poleward shift in the distribution of marine organisms. This study reports the first record of the winter appearance of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in a habitat restricted to summer and autumn in northeast Japan. One individual was observed by a diver at Tomari-hama on the Oshika Peninsula (38°21′ N, 141°31′ E) on 28 December 2023. Another individual was incidentally captured in a fixed net near Tashiro-jima on the Oshika Peninsula (38°17′ N, 141°24′ E) on 18 April 2024 with a straight carapace length of 41.5 cm and body mass of 6.4 kg. Because previous bycatch surveys show that the earliest and latest appearances of green turtles in this area occurred in late June and late November, respectively, the occurrences reported in this study were two months earlier and one month later. The sea surface temperatures at the time of these observations were 15.9 and 16.0°C, respectively, which are 3.5 and 6.6°C higher than those of normal years. The unexpected winter appearance of green turtles implies an expansion of the habitable period for this species in response to climate change, and it, therefore, is emphasizes the need for continued monitoring surveys to collect additional sightings.

Children’s neural responses to emotions may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. In a prospective longitudinal study of a community sample of N = 464 mother–child dyads, we examined relations among maternal anxiety symptoms when children were infants and age 5 years, child neural responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy) at age 3 years, and child internalizing symptoms at age 5 years. Path analyses tested whether amplitudes of event-related potential (ERP) components selected a priori (N290, Nc, P400) (a) mediated associations between maternal anxiety symptoms in infancy and child internalizing symptoms at 5 years and/or (b) moderated associations between maternal anxiety symptoms at 5 years and child internalizing symptoms at 5 years. Mediating effects were not observed for any of the ERP measures. Nc and P400 amplitudes to angry faces and Nc amplitude to happy faces moderated the effect of maternal anxiety at 5 years on child internalizing symptoms at 5 years. Effects were not related to maternal depressive symptoms. Differential sex effects were not observed. The findings suggest that larger neural responses to emotional faces may represent a biological risk factor that amplifies vulnerability to the development of internalizing symptomatology in young children exposed to maternal anxiety.

Do abortion restrictions augur broader crackdowns on human rights? We examine the relationship between restrictions on abortion and future Physical Integrity Rights (PIR) abuses. We argue that abortion restrictions both directly and indirectly influence PIR. Directly, abortion restrictions serve as a testing ground for repressive policies and behaviors. Indirectly, restrictions worsen inequality across segments of society and winnow support for social and religious diversity. When abortion restrictions are enacted, regimes are better equipped to shift society and consolidate power, as a subdued public is discouraged from voicing collective grievances. Using a variety of time-series cross-sectional approaches, we show that significant retractions in abortion access foretell erosion of PIR.

There are a variety of (“alternative”) axiomatic set theories available to mathematicians. It is worth asking how “alternative” they really are. Might they be no more than rephrasings of the theory (ZFC) that we already have? Here we give an account of the status of the Quine systems in this regard. Some are merely ZF in wolves’ clothing; some are genuine wolves.

Sea anemones represent a highly abundant and diverse group within marine ecosystems, yet biodiversity analyses in Peru remain comparatively scarce. To enhance the inventory of biodiversity and its distribution, a comprehensive review of the available literature on species from Peruvian waters was performed. Only seven well-documented species (i.e. verified records) were found representing 31.8% of the total species reported in Peru (22 spp.) These seven species are Anthothoe chilensis, Phymactis papillosa (formerly reported as P. clematis), Phymanthea pluvia, Oulactis concinnata, Antholoba achates, Anemonia alicemartinae and Oulactis coliumensis. Overall, specimens were identified in 68 localities, the Actiniidae family exhibited the highest diversity with five species (71.4% of the total), whereas Actinostolidae and Sagartiidae each contributed one species (14.3%). The highest number of scientific publications (18) corresponds to the Lima region, with over twice as many studies as other regions, it is followed by Ica (8), Áncash (7), La Libertad (6), Tumbes (5), Piura (4), Arequipa (3), Tacna (2), Moquegua (1) and Lambayeque (1). However, the studied localities are unevenly distributed across regions. Rocky substrata (~55% of records) are the most reported habitat for sea anemones in Peru, including exposed vertical walls and sheltered crevices, caves and areas under rocks. Despite wide spatial distribution, our results indicate several under-researched regions. The growing interest in these benthic invertebrates over recent decades has revealed over 50% of reported biodiversity, yet many doubts about species described long ago remain. Potential biases in existing data require identification along with further analysis of environmental information.

This study aimed to explore the genetic variability present in tamarind fruits. A survey and collection of twenty-nine tamarind accessions from the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh was conducted, focusing on morphological traits, biochemical properties, and mineral content. The analysis revealed significant variation in fruit characteristics, including pod weight (91.1–528.3 g), pod length (4.11–15.39 cm), pulp weight (32.88–275.68 g), number of seeds (26–237), seed weight (23.14–214.08 g), pulp percentage (26.43–52.18%), vitamin C content (54.5–92 mg/100 g), phenolic content (51.53–296.4 mg GAE/g fw), flavonoid content (75.91–280.88 mg QE/ 100 g fw), acidity (5.3–12.60%), reducing sugars (24.67–68.29%), total sugars (24.89–78.87%), calcium (0.15–1.28%), and iron content (26.6–125.7 ppm) across different accessions. Based on the overall evaluation, five accessions B21, B26, B15, B25, and B7 with the best combination of desirable fruit traits, were identified as the most promising. Additionally, five sweet accessions with acidity levels below 6% were identified (B26, B21, B15, B12, B11). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, identifying five principal components that accounted for 86.73% of the total variability. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between pod weight and pulp weight (r = 0.93), shell weight (r = 0.70), number of seeds (r = 0.89), and seed weight (r = 0.89). The biplot of PC1 and PC2 illustrated the distribution of accessions across all four quadrants, with B27, B8, B26, B29, B14, B18, and B13 displaying distinct differences from one another.

The World Health Organization has classified Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) into 3 types for international disaster response. They range from those that operate as daytime clinic facilities to those that have complete hospital capabilities that can provide 24/7 inpatient care. The most complex EMT (Type 3) includes a full-scale emergency department (ED), operating rooms, a medical/surgical ward, an intensive care unit, and laboratory services. The Israel Defense Forces Field Hospital was the first to be officially designated as a Type 3 EMT. Two models have been used by the Israeli EMT depending on the disaster response: standalone and hybrid. The standalone model is where the ED and hospital are set up in tents independent of any existing health care facilities. The hybrid model is where the equipment and personnel are combined with existing structures. Pediatric patients are examined in either a designated area staffed by specialized pediatric emergency physicians and nurses or integrated into the general ED. Models of ED layout, staffing, scheduling, and equipment are also described. While the Israeli team is a Type 3 EMT, the different models of ED organization can also be applied to other types of field hospitals to maximize care in the disaster setting.