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109502 results in Open Access

Page 457 of 5476

  • A gradualist view of word meaning in language acquisition and language use

  • EVE V. CLARK
  • Journal:
    Journal of Linguistics / Volume 59 / Issue 4 / November 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 August 2022, pp. 737-762
    Print publication:
    November 2023
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  • For both children and adults, communicating with each other effectively depends on having enough knowledge about particular entities, actions, or relations to understand and produce the words being used. Speakers draw on conventional meanings shared with their interlocutors, but do they share every detail of word meaning? They need not have identical, or fully specified, representations for the meanings of all the terms they make use of. Rather, they need only have represented enough about the meanings of the words used by another speaker to understand what is intended in context on a particular occasion. Reliance on partial meanings is common in both children and adults. More detailed, shared, representations of word meanings for a domain depend on acquiring additional knowledge about that domain and its contents.

  • Globalizing ‘science and religion’: examples from the late Ottoman Empire

  • M. Alper Yalçınkaya
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 55 / Issue 4 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 August 2022, pp. 445-458
    Print publication:
    December 2022

  • This article brings together insights from efforts to develop a global history of science and recent historical and sociological studies on the relations between science and religion. Using the case of the late Ottoman Empire as an example, it argues that ‘science and religion’ can be seen as a debate that travelled globally in the nineteenth century, generating new conceptualizations of both science and religion in many parts of the world. In their efforts to counter arguments that represented Islam as the enemy of science and progress, young Ottoman intellectuals wrote many texts addressing a specific European author, or an imagined, broad European audience in the mid- to late nineteenth century. These texts described a ‘science-friendly’ Islam of which not only Europeans but also ‘ignorant Muslims’ were unaware. Using examples from the Ottoman press, the article demonstrates how this effort involved separating Islam from the lived reality of Muslims, transforming the religion essentially into a text that referred to scientific facts or that instructed adherents to appreciate science. In their contributions to the debate on science and religion, these young intellectuals thus also defined themselves as the legitimate interpreters of Islam in the ‘age of science’.

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Journal:
    International Review of Social History / Volume 67 / Issue 2 / August 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 August 2022, pp. 379-405
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  • ISH volume 67 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    International Review of Social History / Volume 67 / Issue 2 / August 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 August 2022, pp. f1-f4
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  • ISH volume 67 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    International Review of Social History / Volume 67 / Issue 2 / August 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 August 2022, pp. b1-b2
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Page 457 of 5476