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28 results

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  • P37: A systematic review on inequalities in accessing and using social care in dementia – from pre- and pandemic times to moving beyond

  • Clarissa Giebel, Kerry Hanna, James Watson, Thomas Faulkner, Lena O’Connell, Sandra Smith, Warren Donnellan
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 February 2024, pp. 238-239
    • Article
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  • Objectives:

    To evaluate and synthesise the evidence base on barriers and facilitators to accessing and using community-based social care in dementia.

    Design:

    Mixed-methods systematic review

    Setting:

    Community-based social care

    Participants:

    People living with dementia and unpaid carers

    Measurements:

    Seven databases were searched in March 2022, including English and German evidence published from 2005 focusing on inequalities in community-based social care for dementia across the globe. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, with all full texts screened by two reviewers also. Study quality was assessed using QualSyst.

    Results:

    From 3,904 screened records, 39 papers were included. The majority of studies were qualitative, with 23 countries represented. Barriers and facilitators could be categorised into the following five categories/themes: Situational, psychological, interpersonal, structural, and cultural. Barriers were notably more prominent than facilitators, and were multi-faceted, with many factors hindering or facilitating access to social care linked together.

    Conclusions:

    People with dementia and carers experience significant barriers in accessing care in the community, and a varied approach on multiple levels is required to address systemic and individual-level barriers to enable more equitable access to care for all.

  • Chapter 26 - Factors That Determine Wider Solidarity Responses After a Major Incident or Disaster

  • from Section 3 - The Role of the Public in Emergencies: Survivors, Bystanders, and Volunteers
  • Edited by Richard Williams, University of South Wales, Verity Kemp, Independent Health Emergency Planning Consultant, Keith Porter, University of Birmingham, Tim Healing, Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London, John Drury, University of Sussex
  • Book:
    Major Incidents, Pandemics and Mental Health
    Published online:
    11 January 2024
    Print publication:
    01 February 2024, pp 180-186

  • Summary

    In the wake of emergencies, incidents, disasters, and disease outbreaks (EIDD), people not directly affected can help those in need to provide urgently needed assistance. As an example, the campaign that followed the Grenfell Tower fire of 2017 evolved into a longer-term movement that sought to address both immediate humanitarian needs and political injustices, The psychological literature is surveyed to identify the drivers of this intergroup solidarity. We highlight the importance of identity processes in informing how communities of people who are not directly affected, or are less affected, respond prosocially to large-scale disasters, and how shared identity can promote community helping. Finally, we discuss which groups are likely to help by drawing attention to nuances that relate to privilege in advantaged groups and intraminority support within disadvantaged groups. We end with a description of how identity processes can be leveraged strategically to elicit intergroup solidarity and mitigate the impacts.

  • A systematic review on inequalities in accessing and using community-based social care in dementia

  • Clarissa Giebel, Kerry Hanna, James Watson, Thomas Faulkner, Lena O’Connell, Sandra Smith, Warren James Donnellan
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 36 / Issue 7 / July 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2023, pp. 540-563
  • Objectives:

    To evaluate and synthesize the evidence base on barriers and facilitators to accessing and using community-based social care in dementia.

    Design:

    Mixed-methods systematic review.

    Setting:

    Community-based social care (such as day care, respite care, paid home care, and peer support groups).

    Participants:

    People living with dementia and unpaid carers.

    Measurements:

    Seven databases were searched in March 2022, including English and German evidence published from 2000 focusing on inequalities in community-based social care for dementia across the globe. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, with all full texts screened by two reviewers also. Study quality was assessed using QualSyst.

    Results:

    From 3,904 screened records, 39 papers were included. The majority of studies were qualitative, with 23 countries represented. Barriers and facilitators could be categorized into the following five categories/themes: situational, psychological, interpersonal, structural, and cultural. Barriers were notably more prominent than facilitators and were multifaceted, with many factors hindering or facilitating access to social care linked together.

    Conclusions:

    People with dementia and carers experience significant barriers in accessing care in the community, and a varied approach on multiple levels is required to address systemic and individual-level barriers to enable more equitable access to care for all.

  • Selective energy and enstrophy modification of two-dimensional decaying turbulence

  • Aditya G. Nair, James Hanna, Matteo Aureli
  • Journal:
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 956 / 10 February 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 January 2023, A12

  • In two-dimensional decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence, kinetic energy and enstrophy are respectively transferred to larger and smaller scales. In such spatiotemporally complex dynamics, it is challenging to identify the important flow structures that govern this behaviour. We propose and employ numerically two flow-modification strategies that leverage the inviscid global conservation of energy and enstrophy to design external forcing inputs that change these quantities selectively and simultaneously, and drive the system towards steady-state or other late-stage behaviour. One strategy employs only local flow field information, while the other is global. We observe various flow structures excited by these inputs and compare them with recent literature. Energy modification is characterized by the excitation of smaller wavenumber structures in the flow than enstrophy modification.

  • Risk factors associated with post-transplant superior caval vein stenosis in paediatric heart transplantation

  • Part of
  • Hanna J. Tadros, Joseph T. Whelihan, Dalia Lopez-Colon, James C. Fudge, Himesh V. Vyas, Fredrick J. Fricker, Biagio A. Pietra, Mark S. Bleiweis, Dipankar Gupta
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 31 / Issue 10 / October 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 February 2021, pp. 1589-1594
    • Article
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  • Superior caval vein stenosis is a known complication following paediatric heart transplantation. Herein, we sought to assess the incidence of superior caval vein stenosis and need for intervention in a single centre paediatric heart transplantation programme. A retrospective review was performed to identify variables associated with superior caval vein stenosis and need for intervention. Patients were identified based on angiographic and echocardiographic signs of superior caval vein stenosis. Of 204 paediatric heart transplantation recipients, 49 (24.0%) had evidence of superior caval vein stenosis with no need for catheter intervention and 12 (5.9%) had superior caval vein stenosis requiring catheter intervention. Overall, patients with superior caval vein stenosis with and without intervention had more cavopulmonary anastomosis (41.7%; 20.4%), pre-transplant superior caval vein procedures (41.7%; 28.6%), and bicaval approach (100.0%; 98.0%), compared to the group with no stenosis (11.9% and p = 0.015, 12.6% and p = 0.004, 73.4% and p < 0.001, respectively). Smaller recipients and donors were more likely to need intervention. Intervention was also seen more frequently in recipients who were younger at diagnosis (4.7 years) compared to non-intervention (13.3 years; p = 0.040). Re-intervention was required in 16.7% patients (n = 2) and was not associated with any complications.

  • Anomalous blocking over Greenland preceded the 2013 extreme early melt of local sea ice

  • Thomas J. Ballinger, Edward Hanna, Richard J. Hall, Thomas E. Cropper, Jeffrey Miller, Mads H. Ribergaard, James E. Overland, Jacob L. Høyer
  • Journal:
    Annals of Glaciology / Volume 59 / Issue 76pt2 / July 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 October 2017, pp. 181-190
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • The Arctic marine environment is undergoing a transition from thick multi-year to first-year sea-ice cover with coincident lengthening of the melt season. Such changes are evident in the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea (BDL) region where melt onset has occurred ~8 days decade−1 earlier from 1979 to 2015. A series of anomalously early events has occurred since the mid-1990s, overlapping a period of increased upper-air ridging across Greenland and the northwestern North Atlantic. We investigate an extreme early melt event observed in spring 2013. (~6σ below the 1981–2010 melt climatology), with respect to preceding sub-seasonal mid-tropospheric circulation conditions as described by a daily Greenland Blocking Index (GBI). The 40-days prior to the 2013 BDL melt onset are characterized by a persistent, strong 500 hPa anticyclone over the region (GBI >+1 on >75% of days). This circulation pattern advected warm air from northeastern Canada and the northwestern Atlantic poleward onto the thin, first-year sea ice and caused melt ~50 days earlier than normal. The episodic increase in the ridging atmospheric pattern near western Greenland as in 2013, exemplified by large positive GBI values, is an important recent process impacting the atmospheric circulation over a North Atlantic cryosphere undergoing accelerated regional climate change.

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