This study provides evidence supporting the validity of the Psychologically Rich Life Questionnaire (PRLQ) in a large Spanish sample, comparing its 17-item and 12-item versions and various measures of well-being and distress. Both versions show high internal consistency and adequate fit, although some elements could be interpreted as favoring the 12-item version. Analyses revealed significant associations between PRLQ scores and sociodemographic factors, with higher scores observed among older individuals, those with higher levels of education, and those with higher incomes, although effect sizes were small. We found a consistent pattern of positive correlations with well-being variables (e.g., resilience and meaning in life) and negative correlations with distress measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, and loneliness). This study, for the first time in Spanish, presents information on a questionnaire that addresses a novel concept complementary to traditional views of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Limitations, including digital literacy disparities and potential cultural or age-related biases, are discussed. Future research should explore the cross-cultural equivalence of the PRLQ and its utility in longitudinal and predictive contexts.

Second language (L2) pronunciation research has measured speech comprehensibility by asking listeners to assess L2 learners’ speaking performance with rating scales. While some studies have provided validity evidence for these rating scales, few studies have examined the extent to which those scales effectively distinguish among L2 speakers. To fill this gap, the present study examines the 9-point scale used in Saito et al. (2020: Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 40, 9–25.) and the 100-point scale in Huensch and Nagle (2023: Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 45(2), 571–585.) from a Rasch measurement perspective and showcases post hoc score category collapsing as a potential countermeasure against suboptimal rating scale functioning. Findings suggested that different score categories represented the same ability level and were therefore interchangeable. Collapsing these score categories yielded shorter but more functional scales without compromising the psychometric qualities of the original scales. These findings suggest that researchers need to empirically refine their scale lengths rather than uncritically following their conventional measurement practices.

Al-Hoorie, Hiver, and In’nami (2024) challenged the validity and corresponding validation processes of L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) research. A component of this challenge included claims of weak discriminant validity due to high correlations among L2MSS constructs. Papi and Teimouri (2024) countered by using semi-partial correlations to control for other L2MSS constructs, finding weak-to-moderate associations, which they claimed mollified potential discriminant validity concerns. In this methods-oriented response paper, we present a historical case that semi-partial correlations should be viewed within the context of multiple regression analysis, not as a standalone bivariate metric. Challenging Papi and Teimouri’s approach, we suggest that their method does not adequately address discriminant validity issues. Furthermore, when their semi-partial correlations are treated as multiple regression models, Al-Hoorie et al.’s concerns remain valid. Finally, we demonstrate that L2MSS literature does not support the assignment of outcome and predictor variables in Papi and Teimouri’s semi-partial correlations when correctly considered as multiple regression models.

Citizens’ opinions about politicians are shaped by their perceptions of politicians’ personalities, characters, and traits. While prior research has investigated the traits voters value in politicians, less attention has been given to the traits politicians project in their public communication. This may stem from challenges in defining politicians’ public personality traits and measuring them at scale using computational text analysis. To address this challenge, we propose a computational approach that builds on public statements (personality cues) to infer politicians’ personalities from textual data. To do so, we operationalize two key political traits—agency and communion—using a theory-driven, domain-specific framework. We then compare various computational text analysis methods for extracting these traits from a large corpus of politicians’ parliamentary speeches, social media posts, and interviews. We validate our approach using a comprehensive set of human-labeled data, functional tests, and analyses of how prominently personality traits appear in the statements of German politicians and in the 2024 U.S. presidential debate between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. Our findings indicate that prompting based techniques, particularly those leveraging advanced models such as DeepSeek-V3, outperform supervised and semisupervised methods. These results point to promising directions for advancing political psychology.

The overall quality of final Digital Twin (DT) solutions and their ability to produce useful insights are key considerations for researchers and for the industry to readily adopt them. However, validation of DTs is often neglected in existing research dedicated to their development. Further, there is a lack of methodologies for building bi-directional information exchanges between virtual and real spaces, potentially hindering effective decision-making. This work presents a comparative analysis of several quantitative metrics by implementing them on the Digital Twin of a railway braking system as a use case. Their suitability as performance measures for validation and as thresholds to support decision-making is assessed. Their integration into a novel DT structure is shown to contribute to a well-rounded validation procedure and a practical decision-making framework.

Design method validation is fundamental to ensure that design methods achieve their objectives in the intended situations and are accepted in practice. Although various method validation approaches have been developed, there is still a lack of practical guidance for planning validation studies based on project characteristics. To address this, an intensity map of the validation effort is presented as the core of a scenario-based planning approach. It categorizes projects according to the novelty of the method and the state of research on the problem or the research area, enabling the required validation studies, their sequence and validation criteria to be identified. Thereby, researchers can plan validation studies and estimate the required effort situation-based, allowing for a better alignment with their individual project characteristics before starting studies.

Many developments, such as the Amazon Fire Phone and Microsoft Zune, fail in the market, often due to addressing non-existent needs or providing no added value. Therefore, it is necessary to validate these needs and benefits in the early phases of development projects. One way to do this is by using a product profile that models needs and benefits and makes them accessible for validation. According to the literature, there are nine challenges and four fields of action for developing a design support in validating these product profiles. These fields of action range from stakeholder integration, method selection, and prototyping to the interpretation of results. This publication evaluates and describes the challenges and fields of action derived through expert interviews and literature research. A total of 28 publications were analyzed, and eight expert interviews were conducted.

Developing products with diverse features presents challenges, especially when involving multidisciplinary teams and managing extensive Compliance Requirements (CRs). Ineffective handling of CRs can lead to inconsistencies in subsystem designs or failures. This study introduces an application of Quality Function Deployment to integrate CRs systematically in design lifecycle. The proposed approach utilizes a multi-layered matrix to translate CRs to specific design parameters, cascading requirements to subsystems and engineering directives. A case study on Sunswift Racing, UNSW solar car team, demonstrates the method’s efficacy in embedding compliance in iterative design, enhancing cross-disciplinary collaboration, ensuring adherence to CRs. Findings present a robust traceability model linking CRs to design parameters, offering a replicable solution for multidisciplinary design challenges.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a well-recognised condition often involving a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors. Although awareness of FND among the general population and clinical staff has increased and improved over recent years, challenges remain for the sufferers across multiple areas. This reflective piece explores these challenges using a relational understanding. The model of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is used to examine some of the dynamics and concepts at play in FND.

Existing measures of Actively Open-Minded Thinking (AOT) primarily assess the acceptance of rational thinking norms and standards, rather than actual thinking and resulting behavior. These scales can be susceptible to impression management, often yield inflated scores, and may not accurately capture how individuals think in real-life contexts. To address these limitations, we developed and validated a novel Situational Judgment Test for Actively Open-Minded Thinking (AOT-SJT), designed to assess behavioral tendencies related to AOT in realistic scenarios. AOT is conceptualized as the disposition to consider alternative viewpoints, seek disconfirming evidence, and revise beliefs in light of new information. Across 4 studies, we constructed and refined the AOT-SJT using scenarios that simulate everyday decision-making. In Study 1, we tested initial items among Croatian participants, resulting in a 13-item measure with solid psychometric properties. Study 2 confirmed the test’s convergent validity with cognitive and personality constructs and its predictive power for different forms of rational thinking. In Study 3, new items were introduced to enhance construct coverage, particularly around evidence search direction. Study 4 extended validation to an English-speaking sample, supporting cross-linguistic applicability, although effect sizes related to convergent validity were somewhat lower than before. Findings across studies show that the AOT-SJT aligns with theoretical expectations, demonstrates solid convergent validity with existing AOT scales, and effectively distinguishes levels of open-mindedness. By measuring behavioral intentions rather than standards acceptance, the AOT-SJT offers an externally valid assessment of AOT.

Understanding consumers’ food wasting behaviours is crucial to reducing food waste. This study aimed to adapt the Food Wasting Behaviours Questionnaire (FWBQ) to Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 adults, preceded by a pilot study with thirty individuals to assess the intelligibility of the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a subsample of 219 participants, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on an independent subsample of 202 participants. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (CA), and test-retest reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a separate group of 100 participants. As a result of EFA, a six-factor structure emerged – diverging from the original five-factor model of the FWBQ – indicating that in the Turkish context, planning meals and planning shopping behaviours formed distinct dimensions. Three items with low factor loadings (< 0·30) were excluded, and the final version included twenty-seven items with a total explained variance of 57·3 %. CFA confirmed good model fit, and internal consistency was strong (CA = 0·700 to 0·924). Test-retest reliability was also high (ICC = 0·787 to 0·896). In conclusion, the Turkish version of the FWBQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing a wide range of food wasting behaviours. The emergence of a sixth factor highlights the importance of cultural context in shaping food management routines and has implications for cross-cultural comparisons and future adaptations.