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Cultural occupations are marked by significant inequalities. This chapter uses data from the Office for National Statistics Labour Force Survey and the Longitudinal Study to analyse patterns and trends in the cultural workforce. It shows significant exclusions of women, people of colour, and working-class origin people from key cultural occupations. Overall the workforce is not representative of the rest of society.Moreover, using a range of other datasets, we see that the workforce in the cultural sector is unrepresentative in a range of other ways. The values and attitudes of the cultural workforce are very different to many other occupations in society. Their social networks reflect contacts with other people in cultural occupations, suggesting social closure of the workforce. Finally, our cultural workers recognise inequalities preventing certain social groups from succeeding. However, they are also committed to hard work and talent, meritocracy, to explaining success. Even where inequalities are recognised, this suggests cultural occupations may be slow to change.
Chapter 2 explores Jason’s story, a man who moved to the UK when he was 15 years old, and then spent nearly 15 years homeless on the streets of London before being deported to Jamaica. Jason was unable to regularise his status, and he could not access benefits because he had ‘no recourse to public funds’, and thus his story reminds us that deportation begins long before anyone gets on a plane. As the chapter shows, ‘illegal immigrants’ like Jason are invoked to justify austerity, but they also face the most extreme consequences of ‘neoliberal statecraft’ (i.e. abandonment and coercion). The chapter describes Jason’s experiences of illegality, destitution and racist violence, arguing that race, class and immigration status were mutually constitutive in his life.
To determine associations between spiritual well-being (faith and meaning dimensions) with emotional suffering (anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and quality of life) in Latinos with advanced cancer and examine themes of existential coping.
Design
In a mixed-methods study, participants were recruited from cancer clinics in New York and Puerto Rico. Measures included the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. A subset of participants completed in-depth semi-structured interviews exploring the roles of existential and religious factors in adjustment to cancer. Correlations were conducted, and the interviews were analyzed with a thematic analysis approach.
Results
A sample of 142 Latinos with advanced cancer participated (67.6% stage IV and 32.4% stage III). The spiritual well-being, faith and meaning factor were associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Meaning was associated with lower hopelessness and showed stronger associations with emotional suffering than the faith dimension. Lower acculturation was associated with higher hopelessness but not with depression/anxiety. In semi-structured interviews (n = 24), recurrent themes were: (1) receiving existential support from counselors; (2) receiving spiritual support from family and/or friends; (3) focusing on being spiritual and finding purpose rather than on a specific religion or faith; (4) religious coping; and (5) spiritual coping, focused on self-growth, finding meaning, and helping others to cope. Patients identified sources of meaning, including helping others, having a fighting spirit, a spirit of learning, enjoying work, enjoying life, family and children, confidence in providers/treatment, God/faith, and spirituality.
Significance of results
Meaning had a more significant influence than faith on emotional suffering. Participants emphasized the importance of finding meaning and purpose, self-growth, and helping others as ways to cope with an advanced diagnosis. Interventions with a meaning-making approach, emphasizing finding purpose and growth, are needed for Latinos with advanced cancer.
Rising concerns about poor adolescent mental health have often focused on girls and self-harm, yet growing evidence highlights the negative impact on boys—particularly those who feel alienated and turn to online spaces for socialization. This carries the risk of exposure to extremist content, as seen in toxic subcultures like the incel movement, and dramatized in the recent Netflix series Adolescence (2025). Declining face-to-face socialization and weakened parental support further compound vulnerabilities. Addressing this crisis requires multi-level interventions, including digital literacy education, stronger online safety regulations, and community-based mental health support. Urgent policy action and further research are needed to mitigate the harmful effects of online radicalization on youth.
To describe the revised APSIC Environmental Hygiene Guidelines for prevention of healthcare-associated infections inclusive of surface cleaning, air and water quality.
Design:
The revised guideline was developed by Infection Prevention and Control key opinion leaders from Asia Pacific.
Setting:
This guideline emphasizes on practical implementation of environmental hygiene for prevention of healthcare-associated infections inclusive of surface cleaning, air and water quality relevant to Asia Pacific settings.
Patients or participants:
Any patients hospitalized in healthcare setting.
Interventions:
Literature search was done for recent international updates in environmental hygiene inclusive of surface cleaning, air and water quality. Recommendations were evaluated for practical and feasible recommendation in low-resourced settings in Asia Pacific.
Results:
The key recommendations are listed in the best practices for cleaning patient care areas. Additional measures are recommended to improve the air and water quality in healthcare settings.
Conclusions:
Implementation of environmental hygiene in Asia Pacific should take into consideration of the air and water quality in addition of surface cleaning. Measures to assess the cleanliness should be performed using conventional visual assessment, environmental cleaning and disinfection checklist, auditing, and additional measures (e.g., environmental culture or fluorescence).
Using metric techniques introduced by Berndtsson, we show a result on the constancy of families dominated by a constant variety and, on the opposite side, results on the strong non-isotriviality of certain families of surfaces with positive index and, in arbitrary dimension, in terms of the complex conjugate of a suitable representative of the Kodaira–Spencer class. We also give a metric interpretation of the liftability of relative volume forms.
To describe and assess the overall results of the La Caixa Foundation and the ICO/UVIC Chair of Palliative Care (Former WHO Collaborating Centre) Program “Comprehensive Care of People with Advanced Chronic Conditions” at 15 years (2008–2023).
Methods
We used qualitative and quantitative methods, such as prospective, quasi-experimental, and pre-post test designs, to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions led by psychosocial teams providing support to existing healthcare services. Data were collected from the Program’s unique shared online information system, retrieving output and outcomes information, including data obtained from validated psychosocial evaluation instruments and semi-structured interviews with patients, relatives, professionals and other stakeholders, focusing on effectiveness, satisfaction, and perceived quality of different aspects of the Program, as well as outputs.
Results
From 2008 to 2022, the Program implemented 65 teams in Spain and 11 in Portugal across all the provinces, with 379 full-time professionals. They saw 286,644 patients and 371,023 relatives, with a median intervention duration of 2.3 weeks. Patients’ mean (SD) age was 73.2 (14.9) years; 52.3% were women, and most had a cancer diagnosis (60.1%). After 3 consecutive interventions, patients showed significantly improved psychosocial parameters, according to the Assessment of PSS Needs (ENP-E) and Existential Loneliness Detection Scale (EDSOL). Patients, relatives, and stakeholders were highly satisfied. The Program has developed a Master’s degree that has trained over 250 professionals and conducted 371 courses/workshops and 302 lectures. The Program developed tools, manuals, and protocols that were published, available, and common to all professionals involved. It also developed innovative approaches responding to special settings and needs.
Significance of results
A care program within a collaborative framework between public health services and non-profit foundations is an effective, efficient, and feasible model for organizing the psychosocial and spiritual dimension of care for patients with advanced chronic conditions and their relatives.
This article discusses the characterization of a shell as labyrinthine in Theodoridas, Anth. Pal. 6.224 (= 3524–9 Gow–Page, HE). It contextualizes the description in relation to a myth about Daedalus on Sicily, Theodoridas’ probable homeland. It then reappraises the implications of the phrase for the aesthetics of the epigram.
Chapter 5 presents accounts of searching for and sometimes finding mothers and fathers. Those who had been in children’s homes did not know about either parent. The chapter opens with accounts of looking for mothers, who were not always welcoming. It then moves to the difficulties of finding fathers. Most of the ‘brown babies’ knew very little about their fathers, not least because they had been given little information and sometimes misinformation. Stories of the joy of finding fathers, or at least finding US relatives, the father having died, demonstrate movingly the huge importance of having a sense of one’s heritage. This gaping hole in their history of origin still remains for a few who have been unsuccessful in their search.
Chapter 6 examines how the friends and family of Jason, Ricardo, Chris and Denico made sense of deportation, how it affected them, and what their accounts reveal about immigration control, racism and citizenship in contemporary Britain. Their experiences, including witnessing deportation, reveal some of the hierarchies of both citizenship and non-citizenship in multi-status Britain. This chapter therefore attempts to think in new ways about racism, immigration control and citizenship from the perspective of differently situated family and friends. Ultimately, the chapter argues that racism in multi-status Britain is precisely about the production of hierarchies of (non-)citizenship. This offers a method for analysing what immigration controls do and how they are lived in societies structured by racism.
This chapter discusses the development of a commercial popular music tradition within what became known as Tin Pan Alley and its relationship with a maturing film industry. It undertakes specific analysis of a number of classical Hollywood musicals from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s and examines its role in the construction of the ideology of entertainment. When Hollywood needed songs and music, it drew inevitably upon existing popular entertainment traditions and personnel, upon musical luminaries such as Irving Berlin and George Gershwin, as well as lesser talents such as Bert Kalmar and Harry Rubin, who had worked as a song-plugger for Harry Cohn's music company. It was argued earlier that the successful development of the musical genre and its popularity with audiences throughout the 1930s and 1940s depended on the formal, thematic and ideological fusion of spectacle and narrative, and on the management of the tensions which result.
Surrogate models have gained widespread popularity for their effectiveness in replacing computationally expensive numerical analyses, particularly in scenarios such as design optimization procedures, requiring hundreds or thousands of simulations. While one-shot sampling methods—where all samples are generated in a single stage without prior knowledge of the required sample size—are commonly adopted in the creation of surrogate models, these methods face significant limitations. Given that the characteristics of the underlying system are generally unknown prior to training, adopting one-shot sampling can lead to suboptimal model performance or unnecessary computational costs, especially in complex or high-dimensional problems. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel, model-independent adaptive sampling approach with batch selection, termed Cross-Validation Batch Adaptive Sampling for High-Efficiency Surrogates (CV-BASHES). CV-BASHES is first validated using two analytical functions to explore its flexibility and accuracy under different configurations, confirming its robustness. Comparative studies on the same functions with two state-of-the-art methods, maximum projection (MaxPro) and scalable adaptive sampling (SAS), demonstrate the superior accuracy and robustness of CV-BASHES. Its applicability is further demonstrated through a geotechnical application, where CV-BASHES is used to develop a surrogate model to predict the horizontal deformation of a diaphragm wall supporting a deep excavation. Results show that CV-BASHES efficiently selects training samples, reducing the dataset size while maintaining high surrogate accuracy. By offering more efficient sampling strategies, CV-BASHES streamlines and enhances the process of creating machine learning models as surrogates for tackling complex problems in general engineering disciplines.
Why do communist countries sign bilateral investment treaties (BITs)? This article explores this question through the case of Yugoslavia, the first communist state to do so. In 1974, Yugoslavia signed a BIT with France, paving the way for further investment treaties – both in Yugoslavia and, soon after, in other communist countries. These developments sparked intense debate within the Yugoslav Communist Party, with some factions viewing them as a betrayal of Marxist–Leninist principles. While Western powers welcomed the move, it was strongly criticized by Eastern Bloc countries, particularly the Soviet Union, as ideological heresy. This paper analyses the complex motivations behind Yugoslavia’s foreign investment policy in the 1960s and 1970s, arguing that it was driven by domestic political, geopolitical, and ideological factors – not just economic considerations. Domestically, BITs were linked to the Communist Party’s efforts to maintain political power and stability. Geopolitically, they served as tools to secure international allies. Ideologically, the policy sought to promote a distinct Yugoslav model of socialism – one that blended socialist principles, workers’ self-management, market economics, and coexistence with both capitalist and socialist states. This ideological dimension, overlooked in the literature, highlights how BITs were not merely economic instruments but also tools for advancing a hybrid economic and foreign policy that challenged both capitalist and Soviet orthodoxies.