Policymakers in cities in the United States of America (U.S.) must tailor the right bundle of policies to promote the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). We investigate the interplay of (non-)monetary incentives on U.S. state, city and utility-related policy levels. For doing so, we deploy fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) of BEV policies in 16 cities in the U.S. to identify policy configurations that promote BEV uptake. We provide a first-ever study to systematically evaluate BEV policy bundles across different U.S. policy levels. Results indicate two policy configurations: monetary incentives received upon/after BEV purchase in conjunction with (non-)monetary incentives for home charging infrastructure extension in conjunction with recurring monetary incentives by utilities (I); the absence of recurring (non-)monetary incentives at the local level in conjunction with (non-)monetary incentives for home charging infrastructure extension in conjunction with recurring monetary incentives by utilities (II) lead to successful progress in BEV adoption.

We study the problem when an n-tuple of self-adjoint operators in an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space H with small commutators is close to an n-tuple of commuting self-adjoint operators on $H.$ We give an affirmative answer to the problem when the synthetic-spectrum and the essential synthetic-spectrum are close. Examples are also exhibited that, in general, the answer to the problem when $n\ge 3$ is negative even the associated Fredholm index vanishes. This is an attempt to solve a problem proposed by David Mumford related to quantum theory and measurements.

Studies on bimodal bilingualism showed that bimodal lexical access is not costly compared to unimodal lexical access, but that it can be even advantageous. We asked whether the same can be observed in unimodal bilinguals as long as some bimodal conditions are provided. We exploited the ecological bimodal setting of subtitled videos and designed four versions of a semantic categorization task, with unimodal (spoken or written language) and bimodal (speech and captions) stimuli. Regardless of the status of the language (L1/L2) and regardless of the bimodal stimuli being also bilingual, answers to bimodal stimuli were systematically faster than speech-only stimuli and slower than written-only stimuli. These results indicate that: i) bimodal stimuli were processed differently from unimodal stimuli, ii) both modalities were taken into account simultaneously, iii) the integration between modalities occurred automatically, even if focusing on one modality only would have been advantageous.

The United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women’s Issues led the Secretary’s Office of Global Women’s Issues at the U.S. Department of State. The position was created in 2009 when Hillary Clinton served as U.S. Secretary of State during the administration of Barack Obama. Ambassador Geeta Rao Gupta (GRG) was the fourth Ambassador-at-Large and the first woman of color to hold the position. In 2025, the Ambassadorship and Secretary’s Office of Global Women’s Issues were eliminated by the Donald Trump administration. This is a slightly edited version of an interview that took place with Mona Lena Krook (MLK) via Zoom on February 4, 2026.

In the 1820s, the East India Company commissioned a steam-powered dredging vessel to be constructed and set to work on a series of rivers that connected their capital of Calcutta with the Ganges River, and thus major commercial and population centers in northern India. The vessel, however, was a failure. It could not float on the rivers it was meant to dredge. This hitherto untold narrative of early steam engines on the subcontinent argues that the ultimate failure and abandonment of the vessel was not due to insurmountable technical difficulties but rather to a failure of imagination by the EIC administration. They were limited by what they believed an imperial river should be and what were appropriate ways for humans and their technology to interact with that river. This illustrates how the British Empire in India conceptualized modern technology as European and therefore “naturally” in opposition to the Indian environment, as well as how such conceptualizations ultimately stymied their imperial ambitions.

This study examines how wavy orientation and undulation-induced geometric variations regulate vortex formation, wake transitions and aerodynamic performance in sinusoidally wavy cylinders. Using three-dimensional (3-D) simulations at a Reynolds number Re = 100, we analyse the transition from two-dimensional (2-D) to 3-D wakes across varying spanwise wavelengths and undulation configurations. A novel framework is introduced for classifying vortex structures, analyisng centreline trajectories and decomposing vortex structures, revealing how geometric variations induce distinct 3-D vortical structures. At short wavelengths, vortices originate from bluff regions and diminish in a continuous manner, stabilising the wake. At longer wavelengths, phase-dependent vortex onset leads to localised interactions, disrupting wake coherence and delaying stabilisation. A key discovery is the role of transverse recirculating flow in wake stabilisation, which induces reverse impingement, redirects fluid and weakens spanwise vortex coherence. Additionally, wavy orientation strongly influences vortex evolution and dislocation, altering vortex trajectories and wake stability. To further clarify these wake transitions, a classification framework is introduced, defining distinct phases such as vortex stretching, break-up and re-symmetrisation. The relationship between force characteristics and wake stabilisation is also established, with wavy orientation and undulation geometry regulating the transition from quasi-2-D spanwise vortical flow to 3-D spiral flow. A critical wavelength is identified where drag and lift fluctuations are minimised, with elliptical-section undulations achieving superior aerodynamic performance through enhanced vortex synchronisation. These findings provide new insights into vortex control strategies, with applications in bio-inspired propulsion, passive flow control and energy-efficient aerodynamic designs across engineering and industrial fields.

This study investigates the role of vibrational and chemical non-equilibrium mechanisms in the evolution of pressure-Hessian and velocity gradient tensors in high-temperature compressible turbulence. Specifically, it focuses on reacting air mixtures relevant to aerospace applications. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for accurately predicting turbulent flows encountered during atmospheric re-entry of spacecraft and cruise flights of hypersonic vehicles. We employ direct numerical simulation (DNS) of isotropic compressible decaying turbulence using the hy2Foam solver on the OpenFOAM platform, with detailed finite-rate chemistry and vibrational energy exchanges among five species (N$_{2}$, O$_{2}$, NO, N and O). Our findings reveal that vibrational and chemical non-equilibrium mechanisms do influence the statistics of turbulent flows in a reacting air mixture. Specifically, chemical non-equilibrium processes associated with species production dominate the evolution of the pressure-Hessian tensor in air mixtures. Vibrational non-equilibrium, significant in a nitrogen-only flow, becomes insignificant in a reacting air mixture. Additionally, air mixture interactions result in an increase in the vortical fluctuations and a decrease in the dilatational fluctuations, along with a reduction in the strength of the pressure-Hessian tensor relative to the velocity gradient tensor. These results highlight the importance of accurately modelling chemical and vibrational non-equilibrium mechanisms in high-temperature compressible turbulent flows.

Sonic agencies of climate change refers to the relational fluxes of human and nonhuman agencies sounding and musicking the climate crisis. This article discusses what understandings of Indigenous onto-epistemologies of the nonhuman in commercial music can contribute to the notion and vice-versa. In Greenland, site of the rapidly melting North Polar Ice Cap, popular song lyrics in Inuit Greenlandic or Kalallissut as well as their music videos and album cover art engage nonhuman aspects of human internal experiences and societal coming-to-terms around global heating. Sonic agencies of climate change is used here to investigate how emotion, affect, protest, and debate through musicking—which music scholarship tends to approach anthropocentrically—navigate the nonhuman as well as human-nonhuman relationalities. Relevant Greenlandic musical contents pose alternatives to an epistemology behind climate change, while their commercialization relies on environmentally destructive industries. Sonic agencies of climate change may be politically, ideologically and otherwise complex and contradictory.

Deficit irrigation can enhance crop water productivity (CWP; yield per water applied) but requires careful management to prevent drought-like responses that limit leaf gas exchange (i.e., water-conservative responses) and compromise yield. Grafted and ungrafted melons (Cucumis melo L.) were evaluated under three irrigation treatments: full irrigation (100% field capacity; FC), and 70% or 50% deficit irrigation, based on water applied to the 100% FC. Although deficit irrigation accentuated drought stress through the season, plants under moderate deficit irrigation (70% FC) had similar water potential (Ψ), and only 34% and 14% lower stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic rate (Pn) than the full irrigation. Under severe deficit irrigation (50% FC), plants had 28% and 17% lower predawn and midday Ψ than the full irrigation. The lower plant water status of the 50% FC resulted in water conservative-responses, and a 65% and 47% lower gs and Pn than the 100% FC. Yield of the 100% and 70% FC treatments were affected by evapotranspiration demands (i.e., irrigation × year interaction), while the 50% FC had a 40% lower yield than the full irrigation. Moderate deficit irrigation reduced water applied by 25%, and had either a similar or a 47% increase in CWP compared to the full irrigation. Overall, grafting improved yield by 14%, but it was greater under full irrigation and low environmental stress. Overall, melon crop performance was maintained under a constant, moderate deficit irrigation, and this should be considered as an effective water-saving strategy for melons to cope with long-season droughts.

The evaporation of multicomponent sessile droplets is key in many physicochemical applications such as inkjet printing, spray cooling and micro-fabrication. Past fundamental research has primarily concentrated on single drops, though in applications they are rarely isolated. Here, we experimentally explore the effect of neighbouring drops on the evaporation process, employing direct imaging, confocal microscopy and particle tracking velocimetry. Remarkably, the centres of the drops move away from each other rather than towards each other, as we would expect due to the shielding effect at the side of the neighbouring drop and the resulting reduced evaporation on that side. We hypothesise that pinning-induced motion mediated by suspended particles in the droplets (due to contamination or added on purpose) is the cause of this counter-intuitive behaviour. We also discuss an alternative interpretation, namely that the repulsion between the two droplets is caused by thermal Marangoni flow as is the case for a pair of pure droplets on an isothermal substrate (Malachtari and Karapetsas, J. Fluid Mech. vol. 978, 2024, p. A8), but give the arguments why that interpretation is not applicable in our case of binary droplets. To further support our interpretation, with the help of direct numerical simulations we explore the relative contributions of the replenishing flow and of the solutal and thermal Marangoni flows to the overall flow dynamics in one droplet. Finally, as further evidence, the azimuthal dependence of the radial velocity in the drop is compared with the evaporative flux and a perfect agreement is found.

We present a formula for the Poincaré dual in the flag manifold of the equivariant fundamental class of any regular nilpotent or regular semisimple Hessenberg variety as a polynomial in terms of certain Chern classes. We then develop a type-independent proof of the Giambelli formula for the Peterson variety and use this formula to compute the intersection multiplicity of a Peterson variety with an opposite Schubert variety corresponding to a Coxeter word. Finally, we develop an equivariant Chevalley formula for the cap product of a divisor class with a fundamental class, and a dual Monk rule, for the Peterson variety.

The propulsion of a flapping wing or foil is emblematic of bird flight and fish swimming. Previous studies have identified hallmarks of the propulsive dynamics that have been attributed to unsteady effects such as the formation and shedding of edge vortices and wing–vortex interactions. Here, we show that several key features of heaving flight are captured by a quasi-steady aerodynamic model that aims to predict stroke-averaged forces from wing motions without explicitly solving for the flows. We address the forward dynamics induced by up-and-down heaving motions of a thin plate with a nonlinear model which involves lift and drag forces that vary with speed and attack angle. Simulations reproduce the well-known transition for increasing Reynolds number from a stationary state to a propulsive state, where the latter is characterised by a Strouhal number that is conserved across broad ranges of parameters. Parametric, sensitivity and stability analyses provide physical interpretations for these results and show the importance of accounting for the flow regimes which are demarcated by Reynolds number and angle of attack. These findings extend the phenomena of unsteady locomotion that can be explained by quasi-steady modelling, and they broaden the conditions and parameter ranges over which such models are applicable.

Let G be a connected reductive group over a non-archimedean local field. We say that an irreducible depth-zero (complex) G-representation is non-singular if its cuspidal support is non-singular. We establish a local Langlands correspondence for all such representations. We obtain it as a specialization from a categorical version: an equivalence between the category of finite-length non-singular depth-zero G-representations and the category of finite-length right modules of a direct sum of twisted affine Hecke algebras constructed from Langlands parameters. We also show that our LLC and our equivalence of categories have several nice properties, for example, compatibility with parabolic induction and with twists by depth-zero characters.

Art-making has long been a feature of education and is increasingly being engaged to challenge normative perspectives in environmental education. This collaborative piece reflects on a creative pedagogy of zine-making for climate justice education based on the experiences of a zine/arts-making workshop held on Bundjalung Nation Country (so-called Kingscliff, Australia) for the annual retreat of The Sustainability, Environment, and the Arts in Education Research Centre. Members attended the workshop and collectively created a “zine” on the day. From a myriad of transdisciplinary spaces in education, the workshop was inspired by collective concerns and political commitments to climate justice education. Working in the space of de/anti-colonial and ecofeminist education, facilitators opened a space to understand, collage and create manifestos, stories, poems, and art on climate justice through zine-making. Based on collective reflection and writing together, this article contextualises and describes a pedagogical approach for climate justice education through zine-making. Artfully it exhibits our collectively created zine intermingled with reflective responses regarding the possibilities and challenges of zine-making as pedagogy for climate justice education. We recommend zine-making be put to work as a playful and creative pedagogy of generative rebellion toward climate justice with care.