This research communication hypothesizes that superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would not impact behavior and performance of Holstein cows. The objectives were to investigate the effect of FSH superstimulation on follicular dynamics, animal behaviour, body surface temperature and milk yield of Holstein cows. Cows were blocked by parity and body condition score (BCS), and within a block, they were assigned randomly to receive either normal saline (CON = 7) or 500 IU of FSH (n = 8). The estrous cycle of cows was synchronized by using two injections of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PG), 11 days apart. The dominant follicle was ablated at the time of the second PG injection, and an intra-vaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was inserted (day 0). Two days later, FSH treatment was initiated and continued for 3 days in six equal doses of 83.33 IU after 12 h. Follicles were counted and their sizes were measured from day-0 to day-5. Behavior, including activity and feeding time, was recorded using SmartTag Neck from day 0 to 6. The surface temperatures of the eye, shoulder, flank, and vulva were measured by using infrared thermal imaging every 12 h from day-2 to day-5. Milk was recorded from day-0 to day-6. Mixed effects models were used to analyse the data using SAS statistical software. The number of small and medium follicles did not differ between treatments. However, FSH-treated cows had a more (P = 0.01) large and total follicles compared with CON cows. FSH treatment did not affect activity, feeding time, body surface temperature, or milk yield. In conclusion, FSH superstimulation increased the number of large follicles but did not influence behaviour, body surface temperature, or performance in dairy cows.

Given two graphs G and H, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the smallest positive integer N such that every graph of order N contains G or its complement contains H as a subgraph. Let $C_n$ denote the cycle on n vertices and let $tW_{2m+1}$ denote the disjoint union of t copies of the $(2m+2)$-vertex wheel $W_{2m+1}$. We show that for integers $m\ge 1$, $t\ge 2$ and $n\ge (6m+3)t-6m+999$,

$$ \begin{align*} R(C_n, tW_{2m+1})=3n+t-3. \end{align*} $$

This result extends several previous results and settles a conjecture posed by Sudarsana [‘A note on the Ramsey number for cycle with respect to multiple copies of wheels’, Electron. J. Graph Theory Appl. 9(2) (2021), 561–566].

For young people with eating disorders (EDs), family-based therapy (FBT) is generally recommended as first-line treatment. Although there is an abundance of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of FBT, less than half of young people achieve full remission with this treatment. Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) is an established alternative to FBT, demonstrating effectiveness in individuals who have not achieved full remission with FBT. It is also recommended when family therapy is unacceptable, contraindicated, or ineffective. Despite some overlap – particularly in addressing maintaining factors and prioritising weight normalisation – the two treatments diverge significantly in conceptualisation of the eating disorder, proposed mechanisms of action, role of both young people and parents, and strategies and processes of therapy. These differences may contribute to one treatment being effective where the other has not, but can present challenges and difficulties for the young person, family and clinician when transitioning from FBT to CBT-E. In this paper, we provide guidance for clinicians delivering CBT-E with young people who have a history of FBT treatment. We highlight common issues encountered among this cohort, discuss how they can present a barrier to successful implementation of CBT-E, and describe solutions.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To learn the commonly encountered barriers to treatment when implementing CBT-E for young people who have previously engaged in FBT.

2. (2) To learn strategies to overcome these barriers focusing on the young person, parents and multi-disciplinary team.

Politicians appeal to social groups to court their electoral support. However, quantifying which groups politicians refer to, claim to represent, or address in their public communication presents researchers with challenges. We propose a supervised learning approach for extracting group mentions from political texts. We first collect human annotations to determine the passages of a text that refer to social groups. We then fine-tune a transformer language model for contextualized supervised classification at the word level. Applied to unlabeled texts, our approach enables researchers to automatically detect and extract word spans that contain group mentions. We illustrate our approach in two applications, generating new empirical insights into how British parties use social groups in their rhetoric. Our method allows for detecting and extracting mentions of social groups from various sources of texts, creating new possibilities for empirical research in political science.

I raise two concerns about Bergmann’s philosophical methodology: the first is a parity problem for his intuition-based “autodidactic” approach; the second is a tension between that approach and the commonsense tradition in which he situates it. I then use his approach to reflect on the limits of rational argument and set it alongside an alternative that likewise emphasizes the personal nature of philosophical inquiry while remaining more neutral about the rational standing of competing intuitions.

Joe Arroyo’s music, specifi cally his carnival compositions, generates modes of solidarity that transcend national and temporal boundaries. His “musical mechanism,” employing the clave rhythm and improvisational structures, facilitates a collective reinhabitation of the past, a redemptive challenging of colonial divisions between the living and the dead. Arroyo’s work, therefore, demonstrates the transformative power of music to forge solidarity across carnival participants.

The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis suggests that environmental exposures during critical developmental windows increase the risk of disease later in life. Among these, endocrine disruptors (EDs) are particularly concerning due to their ubiquitous presence. The kidneys are highly susceptible to EDs toxicity during the perinatal period; however, long-term effects of ED mixtures on renal structure in aging remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the renal histoarchitecture of aged rats after perinatal exposure to an ED mixture. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups: Control (corn oil, 2 ml/kg) and ED Mix (32.11 mg/kg/day of 12 EDs, including phthalates, pesticides, UV filters, bisphenol A, and butylparaben, in corn oil). Exposure occurred from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21. Offspring were euthanized at postnatal day 440. ED mixture exposure did not affect the organosomatic index. However, ED Mix offspring presented renal lesions, including necrosis and tubular fusion, with a trend toward increased pathological changes. Morphometric analysis revealed enlarged nuclei and increased nuclear perimeters in the cortex and medulla, along with altered cellular organization in glomerular and medullary regions. Collagen organization was disrupted, with increased fibrosis in cortical and medullary compartments and reduced collagen type I and III in glomeruli. These findings indicate that perinatal exposure to an ED mixture alters nuclear phenotype and promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in distinct renal compartments. Such changes suggest long-term impacts on renal structure and function, emphasizing the health risks associated with early-life exposure to complex ED mixtures.

This research note presents a new dataset of comparable and consistently defined series on wage inequality in manufacturing in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela (LA6) from 1920 to 2011. There are also series of unskilled labor with a wider sectoral coverage. This resource provides sufficient data to inform us about trajectories and turning points across distinct developmental epochs. Overall, the evidence shows a steady rise in inter-industry wage inequality since c.1960 in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico and later in the rest. Additionally, a decline in white-collar premiums across the LA6 during state-led industrialization, followed by rising trends in the decades of export-led growth, and a reversal in the 2010s. Similar contrasting trends are observed in the wage dispersion of unskilled labor.

The 20th biennial conference of the International Planning History Society (IPHS) was held in Hong Kong, China. Through a comprehensive analysis of the keynote speeches, panel presentations, roundtable discussions, excursions and IPHS awards, this report highlights key insights from the conference that are especially relevant to urban historians. It suggests that planning history not only acts as a tool for informing urban strategies but also offers critical perspectives on socio-political, environmental, and cultural dimensions of urban transformation. The report presents three key insights for urban historians: (1) the entangled planning histories of Hong Kong and Shenzhen reflect broader political, ideological and international ambitions of dominant powers; (2) the evolution of environmental histories when rethinking human–natural relations in urban transition; and (3) the emerging attention to marginalized voices and alternative archives to enrich dominant planning narratives. These together demonstrate how planning history offers a critical historiographical lens for interpreting urban transformation.