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Adolescent cyberbullying has evolved into a significant public health and governance challenge in digital environments. This study provides a systematic bibliometric mapping of 1,202 peer-reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2025, examining the intellectual structure and thematic development of the field. By using Scopus for data retrieval and VOSviewer for co-occurrence analysis, the study identifies publication trends, influential contributors, institutional patterns, and six dominant thematic clusters. Findings indicate a sustained growth in research output, particularly after 2015, with a strong concentration on mental health outcomes, victimisation, and psychosocial risks. Emerging themes include minority vulnerability, cyber dating violence, artificial intelligence-based detection systems, and digital prevention strategies. However, governance constructs such as platform accountability, regulatory oversight, and algorithmic transparency remain comparatively peripheral. The study highlights the need for stronger integration of organisational, institutional, and socio-technical perspectives to complement individual-level research and inform coordinated policy, educational, and platform-based interventions.
The period from 1997 to 2010 saw government by the Labour Party in the UK as a whole, counterpoised to the previous long rule of the Conservative Party. The Labour government introduced and then broadly consolidated the new devolved arrangements in the UK, by allowing some minor increases in the scope of the powers for the new devolved bodies. Whether it is Scotland seeking to leave the UK or the UK seeking to leave the EU, several imponderable problems present themselves. Finally, if the UK leaves the EU, and Scotland splits from the UK to rejoin the EU, this would create a border that would impede trade between the two. The UK was always an aloof member of the EU and has avoided some of the problems of Europe by staying out of the eurozone, and not signing up the Schengen agreement, which entailed maximally open borders within the EU.
In this article, I examine how venture capital-driven hypergrowth is progressively reshaping political authority via an emergent Silicon Valley Consensus (SVC). Drawing on the political theory of Carl Schmitt, I argue that VC-backed firms are able to operate in a zone of exception that suspends or bypasses conventional regulatory boundaries, thus constraining the state’s competence to govern. By foregrounding disruptive innovation as a strategic maneuver that subverts political power while accelerating capitalist transformations, I ultimately characterize venture capital as an anti-politics machine – one that depoliticizes itself while trapping regulatory institutions and sovereign authority in a field of political necessity. Focusing on the United States while drawing global implications, I show how the SVC not only shifts decision-making power from public institutions to private actors, but also reconfigures the political necessity that compels governments to legitimize new forms of power in an era of rapid technological change.
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a long-term historical perspective on Bank of Scotland (BoS/ HBOS), from inception to the 2008 financial crisis, and then a consideration of the nature of historical explanation, under the rubric of 'theory'. It looks at the concept of 'culture' as applied to both national groups (Scots and English) and organisations (BoS and Halifax). The book explores the theme of 'change', as both the unavoidable circumstance of wider social change, and a moral imperative to constant organisational change in the business world. It examines the concept of 'identity' and how it bears on how people deploy social categories, and how they experience their own personhood. The book contributes to our understanding of how to do the ethnography of organisations and institutions in a way that achieves depth of analysis.
This chapter examines aspects of Scottish and other identities as they came into play in the author's fieldwork, highlighting the different ways Scottishness, as a diverse social category, gets attached both to organisations (BoS) and to selves. 'Scottishness' was seen as a trait not just of most of the staff but of the organisation itself. The organisation is professional, but staff participate in this value as professionals. Professional is more than a descriptor: it is a kind of virtue, an indication of character. The 'official' representation of BoS's Scottish identity pre-merger was perhaps best exemplified by the Bank's tercentenary celebrations, which ran through the year in 1995, and were a major event in the life of the Bank. There was widespread acknowledgement that the banking sector as a whole was becoming more competitive, over customers and returns to share-holders, and that this was driving the recent wave of mergers.
Based on a study of the Swiss mobile payment app Twint and its use as a tool for charitable giving, this article introduces a framework for studying redistributive imaginaries and examines donation ‘marketplaces’ and their implications. Engaging with literatures on socio-technical imaginaries, the platformization of payment, post-humanitarianism, and the digital-solutionist ethic, the article asks what happens when practices of giving are facilitated and enclosed by a tech-ified finance industry. Twint’s catalog-like platform for donating reconfigures digital giving and its relation to redistribution. We argue that donations platforms like Twint’s are introducing a new redistributive imaginary by interpellating users as donors, consumers and citizens who – given behavioral psychology – need guidance to exercise choice and become more ethical selves. On the basis of an interface analysis and interviews, we specify a ‘post-sovereign consumer-citizen redistributive imaginary’, characterized by a market frame and tech-solutionism. This imaginary relies on a bounded-rationality model of the human and promotes a post-political idea of democratic participation. The article notes a slippage between different semantics of ‘good’ and ‘better’ technology, which are relevant for a discursive-ideological analysis of the FinTech sector and its rhetoric more broadly. Analyzing them helps us better understand how platform operators are accruing power culturally, economically, and politically.
We examine how banks reallocate employees following mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the resulting effects on productivity. Using matched employee–branch data combined with branch-level financial information, we show that M&As expand internal labor markets and trigger substantial worker redeployment. Newly consolidated banks reassign high-ability loan officers to acquirer branches, increasing productivity. Target branches also experience productivity improvements, primarily driven by restructuring and cost reductions. These effects are strongest in municipalities where the combined pre-merger internal labor markets of the target and acquirer were larger, highlighting the central role of internal labor markets in generating efficiency gains from consolidation.
The InsurTech industry has undergone almost a decade of development. Despite its initial success, the industry now faces challenges from global uncertainties and regulatory adjustments, which lead to concerns about sustainable profit growth and the ongoing development of InsurTech. This study provides an overview of the evolution of InsurTech development from both academic and practical perspectives. A bibliometric analysis of more than 20,000 published articles, including both practice articles and academic articles, is put forward. As compared to other review articles in this field, which often focus on either the practice or the scholarly side of development, this article brings together a review of both academic and practice-based articles from fields relevant to InsurTech including artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and also powerful computing technology. A keyword extraction framework is developed and applied. Using text analysis, this study reviews the prioritized topics, analyzes the robustness of the development of publication growth, identifies emerging insurance business lines, and also highlights the challenges and gaps in both academic and practice development. This study aims to motivate collaboration between academics and industry to face the challenges posed by the integration of InsurTech into insurance operations.
The concept of comparison that shapes this chapter functions somewhat differently from the concepts organising the culture, change and identity. Comparison here is primarily a matter of relating the ethnographic data to other experiences which lie beyond that ethnographic research. The whole mythology of ethnography revolves around this comparative experience. Comparison of banks (BoS, Capital, Halifax) and of nationalities (Scots and English) was a key and almost unavoidable means of indigenous sense-making in the context of merger. Corporate takeovers, mergers and restructurings are a routine topic in the financial and wider business news, and it is easy to get the impression that these are processes largely peculiar to the dynamic business world. Moreover, universities are in the business of producing the very professionals that they later employ, and so that expansion in the first instance has grown the academic professions.
We evaluate the performance and level of intergenerational cross-subsidy in flat-accrual and dynamic-accrual collective defined contribution (CDC) schemes, which have been designed to be compatible with UK legislation. In the flat-accrual scheme, all members accrue the benefits at the same rate, irrespective of age. This captures the most significant feature of the Royal Mail Collective Pension Plan, which is currently the only UK CDC scheme. The dynamic-accrual schemes seek to reduce intergenerational cross-subsidies by varying the rate of benefit-accrual schemes in accordance with the age of members and the current funding level. We find that these CDC schemes can often be successful in smoothing pension outcomes postretirement while outperforming a defined contribution scheme followed by annuity purchase at the point of retirement. However, this out-performance is not guaranteed in a flat-accrual scheme, and there is little smoothing of projected pension outcomes before retirement. There are significant intergenerational cross-subsidies in the flat-accrual scheme, which qualitatively mirror the cross-subsidies seen in defined benefit schemes, but the magnitude of cross-subsidies is much larger in flat-accrual CDC schemes. The dynamic-accrual scheme design seeks to reduce such cross-subsidies, but we find significant cross-subsidies still arise due to the approximate pricing methodology used to determine the benefits.
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book describes that constant change is part of the general ideology of modern corporate life, then authors are confronted with a relatively constant 'salvage situation', a chronic instability of institutional orders and their associated cultures and identities. The Bank of Scotland (BoS) 'brand' has been preserved, but the banking organisation has lost much of its earlier culture, ethos and identity. HBOS was specifically unstuck by unsound lending and investment practices, partly due to business ignorance, and towards the end perhaps a bit of desperation, which led to overexposure to risk. The book describes the Gruber's notion of 'ethnographic salvage' as a framing conceit. Gruber's argument is that anthropology, particularly in the British and American traditions, was shaped by a preservationist ethos that developed in the British imperial context of the nineteenth century.
The Royal Bank of Scotland was established in 1727 and until 1746 it and Bank of Scotland (BoS) controlled public banking in Scotland. The merger to form HBOS can be viewed as a late episode in a long trend in both Scottish and British banking. HBOS was formed near the peak of a general expansion of the British banking system, part of the new, neoliberal centrality of the financial sector to the UK economy. As a bank, Halifax was flush with mortgage assets, but underdeveloped in areas such as treasury functions and corporate finance, and thus was ripe to join forces with a more established bank. BoS managed to stay minimally exposed to the 'secondary banking crisis' of 1973-5. A decade later, BoS was minimally exposed to the over-exposure of many London banks recycling petrodollars into loans to Latin American countries that eventually defaulted in the mid-1980s.
This chapter moves from a discussion of attempts to theorise the post-2008 economic crisis, to one of wider efforts to theorise the political-economic trajectory of the UK and similar nation-states. It then presents some reflections on the relationship between large-scale historical and theoretical explanation and small-scale ethnographic research. The chapter tries to live up to the standard: first, by surveying a range of causal processes that clearly combine into a set of relevant causal explanations; second, by at least suggesting some sort of prioritisation, or 'hierarchy' of causes; and finally, by distinguishing between more proximate causes of the banking crisis, and more long-term causes of the crisis and the direction of economic change generally. For Wolfgang Streeck the three decades following World War II, in which capitalism and democracy appeared to grow in compatible ways in 'the West', were an exception to the rule.
We study whether information design influences consumer behavior in a randomized field experiment with users of an online account aggregation app. Participants received a personalized index representing their net worth as a lifetime monthly cash flow. The presentation of this index varied across treatments in its framing and the salience of its display. Consumers exposed to a consumption-oriented frame and a salient comparison of the index with their past spending reduced discretionary spending. These findings show that minor variations in information presentation can significantly affect financial behavior, highlighting the power of design in promoting saving and informing policy and regulation.