We give simple homological conditions for a rational homology 3-sphere $Y$ to have infinite order in the rational homology cobordism group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{3}$, and for a collection of rational homology spheres to be linearly independent. These translate immediately to statements about knot concordance when $Y$ is the branched double cover of a knot, recovering some results of Livingston and Naik. The statements depend only on the homology groups of the 3-manifolds, but are proven through an analysis of correction terms and their behavior under connected sums.

A tubular group G is a finite graph of groups with ℤ2 vertex groups and ℤ edge groups. We characterize residually finite tubular groups: G is residually finite if and only if its edge groups are separable. Methods are provided to determine if G is residually finite. When G has a single vertex group an algorithm is given to determine residual finiteness.

We prove a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$-equivariant version of the algebraic index theorem, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is a discrete group of automorphisms of a formal deformation of a symplectic manifold. The particular cases of this result are the algebraic version of the transversal index theorem related to the theorem of A. Connes and H. Moscovici for hypo-elliptic operators and the index theorem for the extension of the algebra of pseudodifferential operators by a group of diffeomorphisms of the underlying manifold due to A. Savin, B. Sternin, E. Schrohe and D. Perrot.

Modelling a normal–superconducting interface, we consider a semi-infinite wire whose edge is adjacent to a normal magnetic metal, assuming asymptotic convergence, away from the boundary, to the purely superconducting state. We obtain that the maximal current which can be carried by the interface diminishes in the small normal conductivity limit.

We show that certain right-angled Coxeter groups have finite index subgroups that quotient to $\mathbb{Z}$ with finitely generated kernels. The proof uses Bestvina–Brady Morse theory facilitated by combinatorial arguments. We describe a variety of examples where the plan succeeds or fails. Among the successful examples are the right-angled reflection groups in $\mathbb{H}^{4}$ with fundamental domain the 120-cell or the 24-cell.

In this paper, we prove several new Hardy type inequalities (such as the weighted Hardy inequality, weighted Rellich inequality, critical Hardy inequality and critical Rellich inequality) related to the radial derivation (i.e., the derivation along the geodesic curves) on the Cartan–Hadamard manifolds. By Gauss lemma, our new Hardy inequalities are stronger than the classical ones. We also establish the improvements of these inequalities in terms of sectional curvature of the underlying manifolds which illustrate the effect of curvature to these inequalities. Furthermore, we obtain some improvements of Hardy and Rellich inequalities on the hyperbolic space ℍn. Especially, we show that our new Rellich inequalities are indeed stronger than the classical ones on the hyperbolic space ℍn.

This paper concerns HH-relations in the lattices P(M) of all projections of W*-algebras M. If M is a finite algebra, all these relations are generated by trails in P(M). If M is an infinite countably decomposable factor, they are either generated by trails or associated with them.

In this paper, we define a Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras proving some results that describe the properties of the final coalgebra, knowing the properties of the initial one. Namely, after applying the Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras to a coassociative coalgebra, we obtain a coalternative one. Moreover, the first coalgebra is cocommutative if and only if the final coalgebra is coassociative. Finally we extend these results to a more general approach of D-coalgebras, where D is a k-coalgebra, presenting a class of examples of coalternative (non-coassociative) coalgebras obtained from group D-coalgebras.

We prove the existence of multi-soliton and kink-multi-soliton solutions of the Euler–Korteweg system in dimension one. Such solutions behave asymptotically in time like several travelling waves far away from each other. A kink is a travelling wave with different limits at ±∞. The main assumption is the linear stability of the solitons, and we prove that this assumption is satisfied at least in the transonic limit. The proof relies on a classical approach based on energy estimates and a compactness argument.

We give an equality condition for a symmetrization inequality for condensers proved by F.W. Gehring regarding elliptic areas. We then use this to obtain a monotonicity result involving the elliptic area of the image of a holomorphic function f.

The Hardy-Rellich inequality in the whole space with the best constant was firstly proved by Tertikas and Zographopoulos in Adv. Math. (2007) in higher dimensions N ⩾ 5. Then it was extended to lower dimensions N ∈ {3, 4} by Beckner in Forum Math. (2008) and Ghoussoub-Moradifam in Math. Ann. (2011) by applying totally different techniques.

In this note, we refine the method implemented by Tertikas and Zographopoulos, based on spherical harmonics decomposition, to give an easy and compact proof of the optimal Hardy–Rellich inequality in any dimension N ⩾ 3. In addition, we provide minimizing sequences which were not explicitly mentioned in the quoted papers in lower dimensions N ∈ {3, 4}, emphasizing their symmetry breaking. We also show that the best constant is not attained in the proper functional space.

We consider the Robin Laplacian in the domains Ω and Ωε, ε > 0, with sharp and blunted cusps, respectively. Assuming that the Robin coefficient a is large enough, the spectrum of the problem in Ω is known to be residual and to cover the whole complex plane, but on the contrary, the spectrum in the Lipschitz domain Ωε is discrete. However, our results reveal the strange behaviour of the discrete spectrum as the blunting parameter ε tends to 0: we construct asymptotic forms of the eigenvalues and detect families of ‘hardly movable’ and ‘plummeting’ ones. The first type of the eigenvalues do not leave a small neighbourhood of a point for any small ε > 0 while the second ones move at a high rate O(| ln ε|) downwards along the real axis ℝ to −∞. At the same time, any point λ ∈ ℝ is a ‘blinking eigenvalue’, i.e., it belongs to the spectrum of the problem in Ωε almost periodically in the | ln ε|-scale. Besides standard spectral theory, we use the techniques of dimension reduction and self-adjoint extensions to obtain these results.

Balanced pairs appear naturally in the realm of relative homological algebra associated with the balance of right-derived functors of the Hom functor. Cotorsion triplets are a natural source of such pairs. In this paper, we study the connection between balanced pairs and cotorsion triplets by using recent quiver representation techniques. In doing so, we find a new characterization of abelian categories that have enough projectives and injectives in terms of the existence of complete hereditary cotorsion triplets. We also provide a short proof of the lack of balance for derived functors of Hom computed using flat resolutions, which extends the one given by Enochs in the commutative case.

Let n ⩾ 3 and 0 < m < (n − 2)/n. We extend the results of Vazquez and Winkler (2011, J. Evol. Equ. 11, no. 3, 725–742) and prove the uniqueness of finite points blow-up solutions of the fast diffusion equation ut = Δum in both bounded domains and ℝn × (0, ∞). We also construct initial data such that the corresponding solution of the fast diffusion equation in bounded domain oscillates between infinity and some positive constant as t → ∞.