Let {pn} be a positive sequence. The Nörlund transformation (N, pn) maps the sequence {Sn} into the sequence {tn} by means of the equation

where

In this paper, we study the boundary-initial value problem for a linear elastic body ina bounded domain, when the body force depends on the displacement vector u in asublinear way.

Recently, much attention has been given to nonlinear body forces not only to studythe fundamental solutions of the equations governing linear elastodynamics, see e.g.Kecs [3], but also to derive global non existence results in abstract problems with directapplications to nonlinear heat diffusion or to the nonlinear wave equation, see e.g. Ball[1], Levine and Payne [10].

Let G be a non-discrete LCA group with dual group Γ. Denote by M(G) the usual convolution algebra of bounded Borel measures on G and Ma(G) those μ ∈ M(G) which are absolutely continuous with respect to mG—the Haar measure on G.

If a is an element of a complex unital Banach algebra whose numerical range is confined to a closed angular region with vertex at zero and angle strictly less than π, we imbed a in a holomorphic semigroup with parameter in the open right half plane.

There has been recently a great development in the theory of semigroups in Banach algebras (see [6]), with attention focused on the relation between the structure of a given Banach algebra and the existence of continuous or holomorphic non-trivial semigroups with certain properties with range in this algebra. The interest of this paper arises from the fact that we relate in it, we think for the first time, this new point of view in the theory of Banach algebras with the already classic one of numerical ranges [2,3]. The proofs of our results use, in addition to some basic ideas from numerical ranges in Banach algebras, the concept of extremal algebra Ea(K) of a compact convex set K in ℂ due to Bollobas [1] and concretely the realization of Ea(K) achieved by Crabb, Duncan and McGregor [4].

We define a new height function $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$, the Remak height of an algebraic number $\alpha$. We give sharp upper and lower bounds for $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$ in terms of the classical Mahler measure $M(\alpha)$. Study of when one of these bounds is exact leads us to consideration of conjugate sets of algebraic numbers of norm $\pm 1$ lying on two circles centred at 0. We give a complete characterization of such conjugate sets. They turn out to be of two types: one related to certain cubic algebraic numbers, and the other related to a non-integer generalization of Salem numbers which we call extended Salem numbers.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11R06

The class of non-metacyclic finite soluble groups known to have 2-generator 2-relation presentations is small. Classes of such groups are given in (3), (4), (8) and (9). Some subclasses of the groups discussed in (1) and (2) also provide examples, while a class of finite nilpotent 2-generator 2-relation groups is given by Macdonald in (7).

In a recent paper Mr J. M. Whittaker has given the following Theorem:—

If ψ (x) be the indefinite Riemann integral of a bounded positive function g(x), and if f(x) be any bounded function, then the equation

is true whenever either side exists.

The earliest proof that every rational number (R) can be expressed as a sum of cubes of three rational numbers (x, y, z), not necessarily positive, was published in 1825 by S. Ryley, a schoolmaster of Leeds: formulae were given for x, y, z in terms of a parameter, such that every value of the parameter led to a system of values of x, y, z satisfying the above relation, and every rational value of the parameter led to a system of rational values of x, y, z. The later solutions referred to by Dickson are found to give the same results as Ryley's formula, as does another method, quoted in a modified form by Landau from a paper by the present writer. Thus it might almost be believed that Ryley's century-old result embodies all that is known with regard to the resolution of a number into three cubes, and that his formula is unique. I propose to examine the rationale of his method and the causes of its success; it will then appear that an infinity of similar formulae exist, and that one of them is at least as simple as his. It is convenient to state Ryley's formula, and the modification made by Landau, in section 2; and to generalize the method in section 3.

Let S be a finite semigroup, A be a given subset of S and L, R, H, D and J be Green's equivalence relations. The problem of determining whether there exists a supersemigroup T of S from the class of all semigroups or from the class of finite semigroups, such that A lies in an L or R-class of T has a simple and well known solution (see for example [7], [8] or [3]). The analogous problem for J or D relations is trivial if T is of arbitrary size, but undecidable if T is required to be finite [4] (even if we restrict ourselves to the case |A| = 2 [6]). We show that for the relation H, the corresponding problem is undecidable in both the class of finite semigroups (answering Problem 1 of [9]) and in the class of all semigroups, extending related results obtained by M. V. Sapir in [9]. An infinite semigroup with a subset never lying in a H-class of any embedding semigroup is known and, in [9], the existence of a finite semigroup with this property is established. We present two eight element examples of such semigroups as well as other examples satisfying related properties.