This article highlights the critical need for additional security measures in health care facilities during armed conflicts, emphasizing the importance of securing vital resources such as water, electricity, medical care, infrastructure, and essential medical equipment, medications, etc., to ensure proper care for the sick and vulnerable persons. We examine the impact of conflicts in Ukraine and Palestine. This article aims to draw lessons from historical experiences and propose strategies to enhance health care resilience, focusing on key topics such as essential infrastructure, protection of health care facilities, the physical preparedness of hospitals, and the availability of alternative sources for water and electricity. Enhancing the resilience of health services requires comprehensive disaster preparedness plans for hospitals that will ensure reliable power supplies in challenging situations and provide resilient physical protection for health facilities during times of conflict. Medical facilities must prepare for emergencies involving chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear events, implementing water supply plans, and maintaining sufficient stocks of food and materials.

In February 1920, Los Angeles County Health Officer J. L. Pomeroy commented on the habits and practices of Asian immigrants:

The Ospriocerus (Diptera: Asilidae) fauna of Canada is outlined. Only three species in the genus are known from Canada: Ospriocerus abdominalis (Say, 1824), O. latipennis (Loew, 1866), and O. vallensis Martin, 1968. The former two species inhabit grasslands on the Great Plains; the latter occurs in the Intermontane grasslands of southern British Columbia. The use of the name O. aeacus (Wiedemann, 1828), used frequently instead of O. abdominalis, should be discontinued because it is an unnecessary replacement name. Ospriocerus vallensis is recognised as a species in Canada for the first time; Canadian specimens have been misidentified in collections and the literature as O. abdominalis or O. aeacus. A key is given for the identification of Canadian specimens, and the species are morphologically diagnosed. Whole specimens, antennae, and dissected male genitalia are illustrated. The distributions, habitats, and some behaviours (including the relationship of the genus to the beetle family Meloidae) of the three species are documented.

We prove the correctness of the AKS algorithm [1] within the bounded arithmetic theory $T^{\text {count}}_2$ or, equivalently, the first-order consequences of the theory $\text {VTC}^0$ expanded by the smash function, which we denote by $\text {VTC}^0_2$. Our approach initially demonstrates the correctness within the theory $S^1_2 + \mathrm {iWPHP}$ augmented by two algebraic axioms and then shows that they are provable in $\text {VTC}^0_2$. The two axioms are: a generalized version of Fermat’s Little Theorem and an axiom adding a new function symbol which injectively maps roots of polynomials over a definable finite field to numbers bounded by the degree of the given polynomial. To obtain our main result, we also give new formalizations of parts of number theory and algebra:

• • In $\mathrm {PV}_1$: We formalize Legendre’s Formula on the prime factorization of $n!$, key properties of the Combinatorial Number System and the existence of cyclotomic polynomials over the finite fields $\mathbb {Z}/p$.

• • In $S^1_2$: We prove the inequality $\text {lcm}(1,\dots , 2n) \geq 2^n$.

• • In $\text {VTC}^0$: We verify the correctness of the Kung–Sieveking algorithm for polynomial division.

In 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria targeted the Yazidi ethno-religious minority in Sinjar, northern Iraq, abducting Yazidi boys aged 8 to 14 who endured violence, family separation and significant trauma exposure. Upon return, these children needed mental health care. This study investigates the availability of mental health services for male Yazidi former CAAFAGs (children associated with armed forces and armed groups) and discusses their rights under international legal frameworks.

The study used a convergent mixed-methods design involving male Yazidi former CAAFAGs and mental health providers in the Sinjar district and the Duhok governorate. Quantitative data were collected through a descriptive survey of thirty CAAFAGs and ten providers. Qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with ten CAAFAGs and ten providers expanded on these findings, and the results were integrated into a joint display for interpretation.

Among the thirty CAAFAGs, 70% had not received any mental health care since their captivity. After captivity, 33% wanted (personal desire) mental health care; of those who wanted care, 80% received services through non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In contrast to this “personal desire” for care, 96.7% of male Yazidi former CAAFAGs acknowledged that they are in need of mental health care, yet only one is currently seeking it. Qualitative data revealed a gap in mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services specifically for male CAAFAGs, as NGOs focused more on female survivors. It also identified financial, personnel and logistical challenges for NGOs, as well as discrepancies between CAAFAGs and providers regarding perceived willingness to receive mental health care.

CAAFAGs and providers recognize an urgent need for tailored, trauma-informed MHPSS and reintegration services for male Yazidi former CAAFAGs. While NGOs play an essential role in delivering mental health care, their focus is primarily on female survivors, leaving a gap in support for male CAAFAGs. International legal frameworks protecting child victims’ rights remain inadequately respected in practice. Addressing these gaps is crucial for CAAFAGs’ successful reintegration and rehabilitation.

Results of two archaeological surveys in southeastern Bolivia provide substantial information on migration patterns of precontact Guaraní groups into an understudied region of South America. Surveys were conducted within the rights-of-way of two pipelines across the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The pipeline corridors traversed 917 km of undeveloped areas of southeastern Bolivia, which are among the least understood in South American archaeology. In total, 71 archaeological sites were identified and tested resulting in more than 132,000 artifacts. Excavation results, radiocarbon dates, specialist analyses, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction fill a gap in our knowledge base for this crucial region of South America located at the interface between the Andes and Amazonia. Project results indicate early intrusions of small groups to the region by about 900 BC and increasingly more people by about AD 700. The Chiquitano Dry Forest was relatively densely occupied from about AD 1100 through AD 1600 compared to elsewhere in southeastern Bolivia. Our findings support and amplify other recent investigations of lowland South American precontact dispersal patterns.

We address the challenge of product configuration in the context of increasing customer demand for diverse and complex products. We propose a solution through a curated selection of product model benchmarks formulated in the Coom language, divided into three fragments of increasing complexity. Each fragment is accompanied by a corresponding example on bike configuration, and additional scalable product models are included in the CoomSuite, along with relevant resources. We outline an ASP-based workflow for solving Coom-based configuration problems, highlighting its adaptability to different paradigms and alternative ASP solutions. The CoomSuite aims to provide a comprehensive, accessible, and representative set of examples that can serve as a common ground for stakeholders in the field of product configuration.

While faith is central to the Gospel of John, the focus of interpreters on the faith responses of John’s characters tends to regard these characters rather simplistically. This article considers Martha’s engagement with Jesus in John 11 and contends that her faith takes a journey of lament as she comes to a place of understanding Jesus’ person. Martha speaks with Jesus regarding Lazarus’ death, and Israel’s lament poems frame the depth found in the progression of their conversation, which serves a rhetorical purpose that provides dynamic depth to her character. Grounded in the work of Gail R. O’Day that traces Martha’s conversation within the lament structure, this article examines this interaction that leads to the pinnacle of Johannine confessions to the identity of Jesus made by Martha herself. The process of lament as the expression of Martha’s faith develops John’s resurrection theology, given that her faith and understanding are clarified by Jesus’ identification as the resurrection and the life. This disclosure is what leads to Martha’s paradigmatic confession in 11.27. Building on previous characterisations of Martha by scholars such as Adeline Fehribach, Colleen M. Conway, Sandra M. Schneiders and Cornelis Bennema, a fresh perspective emerges that engages Martha’s conversation and ensuing confession, and the contribution this makes to the Johannine theology of resurrection. Lament is significant in the context of faith in John’s portrayal of Martha and suggests more depth in Fourth Gospel characterisation than many interpretations have recognised.

Legislators may consider the preferences of both business actors and citizens when making trade policy decisions. But when business and citizen preferences diverge, what makes legislators more responsive to one side or the other? We argue that when levels of political engagement are kept constant, legislators are more responsive to citizens than business. This effect should be particularly large for left-leaning legislators and legislators who conceive of themselves as delegates. We use three survey experiments with over 1000 legislators from 47 countries across the globe and qualitative evidence from an open survey question and 30 interviews with legislators to test our expectations. Based on this unique evidence, we find strong support for our expectations. These findings contribute to research on trade policy-making, the interaction between elites and the public in international relations, and responsiveness.

The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed New York City’s healthcare infrastructure, prompting rapid adaptations to expand critical care capacity. Montefiore Medical Center’s Hutchinson Metro Center (the Hutch), a standalone ambulatory surgical center (ASC), was converted into an ICU within 5 days to address the surge in COVID-19 cases. This was done by repurposing 16 operating rooms and 60 post-anesthesia care unit beds into 14 ICU and 60 floor beds. A 5-step framework guided the conversion process, including: (1) feasibility of conversion, (2) critical structural logistics, (3) essential supplies and technology, (4) Clinical criteria, and (5) staffing. Key challenges were oxygen supply limitations, staffing shortages, and logistical hurdles such as medication and equipment procurement. This report highlights the potential of ASCs as adaptable overflow facilities during public health crises and provides a blueprint for future pandemic preparedness.