In recent years, b-symplectic manifolds have emerged as important objects in symplectic geometry. These manifolds are Poisson manifolds that exhibit symplectic behaviour away from a distinguished hypersurface, where the symplectic form degenerates in a controlled manner. Inspired by this rich landscape, E-structures were introduced by Nest and Tsygan in [NT01] as a comprehensive framework for exploring generalizations of b-structures. This paper initiates a deeper investigation into their Poisson facets, building on foundational work by [MS21]. We also examine the closely related concept of almost regular Poisson manifolds, as studied in [AZ17], which reveals a natural Poisson groupoid associated with these structures.

In this article, we investigate the intricate relationship between E-structures and almost regular Poisson structures. Our comparative analysis not only scrutinizes their Poisson properties but also offers explicit formulae for the Poisson structure on the Poisson groupoid associated to the E-structures as both Poisson manifolds and singular foliations. In doing so, we reveal an interesting link between the existence of commutative frames and Darboux-Carathéodory-type expressions for the relevant structures.

The rise of Generative AI has accelerated the shift toward Industry 5.0, marking a critical transition from the technology-centric focus of Industry 4.0 to a human-centric, value-driven paradigm. While its predecessor prioritized automation and technology, Industry 5.0 integrates advanced human–machine collaboration with social imperatives to create resilience. This study advances current literature by presenting a novel systems-based framework, grounded in systems theory and legitimacy theory, which conceptualizes Industry 5.0 as an interconnected ecosystem rather than isolated pillars. We identify technological adaptation, specifically AI integration, and human-centricity as critical inputs that drive economic, environmental, and social sustainability as systemic outputs. By mapping these interdependencies, the model demonstrates how cohesive components collectively fuel organizational transformation. These findings offer actionable insights for aligning corporate strategies with Sustainable Development Goals, providing policymakers and practitioners with future-oriented pathways to navigate this complex, emerging industrial environment.

Proponents of modal knowledge accounts (safety and sensitivity) concur that one crucial advantage of their accounts is that they solve the so-called lottery problem—the problem of explaining why “lottery beliefs” based merely on statistical evidence do not constitute knowledge. Contra this claim, I argue that epistemic judgments about lottery beliefs do not consistently track what occurs in a specified set of nonactual possibilities. Thus, modal knowledge accounts cannot properly explain beliefs based merely on statistical evidence. Finally, I argue that these beliefs can be better accommodated by a rival theory of modal accounts—namely, explanationism.

We always treat fluent language as a marker of intelligence and trustworthiness, often independent of factual accuracy. Large language models (LLMs) exploit this bias by producing confident, human-like texts that are perceived as intelligent and trustworthy, even when they lack accurate contextual understanding or are factually incorrect. This creates particular risks in mental healthcare, where communication, trust and context are central, and where errors are difficult to detect but highly consequential. This article examines how linguistic fluency shapes judgement, how LLMs amplify these effects and why their use in mental healthcare poses ethical and clinical dangers. It argues for strict limits on deployment, restricting LLMs to supervised, assistive tasks rather than clinical judgement.

The ongoing war in Sudan, which erupted in April 2023 between the Sudan Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, has generated one of the most significant humanitarian crises globally, with nearly 13 million people displaced and over 30 million requiring humanitarian assistance. Although the physical destruction and mass displacement have been widely documented, the mental health consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, remain critically under-recognised and under-resourced. This paper situates the current conflict within Sudan’s political and health system history, examines the fragility of existing mental health infrastructure and reviews emerging population-level mental health needs. It further highlights ongoing emergency and community-led mental health responses and identifies priority gaps for coordinated, context-appropriate intervention.

The Gender Balance Assessment Tool (GBAT) was introduced in 2016 as a shortcut for researchers and instructors who wanted to quickly determine the gender balance of the authors in their bibliographies and syllabi. In the years since then, some journals and departments have encouraged its use. However, technology also has changed significantly during this period, and the emergence of generative AI models have introduced systems with enormous potential to evaluate the demographic balance of syllabi and bibliographies. By leveraging information on the Internet other than names, and by being less constrained in terms of formatting and name recognition, this article shows that generative AI systems are superior to the GBAT, in terms of both their accuracy and their ability to evaluate general demographic balance rather than only gender balance.

Do young women and men join political parties for different reasons? To investigate, we theorize the following: first, women will be more attracted by social incentives and men by material ones, while purposive incentives will be equally appealing to both; second, before signing up, women will have more party-affiliated family ties than men; and third, these ties will moderate the gender gap in incentives. Drawing on YOUMEM survey data from over 3500 youth wing members of the main center-left and center-right parties in Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, and Spain, we find strong support for our argument. Our results show that, already in this early – but crucial – part of the pipeline to power, the incentives for joining parties are gendered: young women are more mobilized by social benefits, and less so by material ones. In addition, they are more likely than men to have party-affiliated family ties, indicating that these resources are particularly valuable to them in overcoming the disadvantages they face when entering politics. Notably, family ties boost women’s purposive motivations more than men’s, but they also reduce women’s material motivations to a greater extent. Our findings indicate that if parties are interested in recruiting more young women, they should emphasize the social rewards of membership in their recruitment campaigns.

In behavioral genetics, divorce is typically analyzed as an individual-level outcome, even though marital dissolution can only be experienced by couples. In this article, we discuss how assortative mating complicates the study of couple-shared outcomes because individual-level effects can be confounded by effects of the spouse. We then show how chain-linking affines (i.e., in-laws) provides sufficient information to estimate spousal similarity for couple-shared outcomes, which we incorporate into an extended twin model that we use to test for sex differences and assortative mating for individuals’ liability to divorce. We linked the Norwegian twin register to the Norwegian population register and constructed 124,544 extended family units (1196 units with monozygotic twins) comprising 353,210 marriages entered between 1983 and 2008. We found that divorce was significantly correlated among affines, and that female relatives were more highly correlated than male relatives. The extended twin model estimated a strong correlation (r = .60, SE = .10) between female and male familial factors. Couples’ liability to divorce was attributed to 18% (SE = 5%) female and 10% (SE = 3%) male familial factors, with an additional 16% (SE = 4%) accounted for by their correlation. Estimates from a classic twin model were considerably higher. These findings show that spousal similarity is an important source of variation in divorce liability and that failing to model it can inflate estimates of individual-level effects. Overall, the analytical framework offers a blueprint for dissecting any couple-shared outcome into sex-specific and assortative components.

Through this post-qualitative inquiry, I explore what kinds of literacies do learners in an elementary outdoor program practice, and how are they shaped by the more-than-human world? I situate my research within the context of a socially and ecologically precarious world, from a posthuman theoretical perspective in conversation with Indigenous literacies, to build an argument for an embodied, sensory, multimodal, emergent, relational, and more-than-human conception of literacy. The study focuses on the experiences and literacy practices of fifteen elementary aged children in a multi-grade, forest school program in southern British Columbia, Canada. Using photographs and field notes, this study interrogates logocentric literacies and employs literacy as an event, a process-based concept with meaning-making and sense-making occurring relationally, often in surprising ways that defy prior predictions, and therefore contain multiple possibilities. Meaning and sense-making interact to create powerful literacy experiences that transcend language.

Psalidodon bifasciatus is a small characiform, originally described as endemic to the Iguaçu River basin. However, a recent study recorded a population of P. bifasciatus in the Piquiri River basin (upper Paraná), although data on its geographic distribution and parasitological aspects are still limited. The study characterized the parasitic fauna of P. bifasciatus in two streams, one from each basin, and compared them in terms of richness, diversity, and parasite community structure. Twenty-six females were collected in a stream in the lower Iguaçu River basin, and 25 females in a stream in the Piquiri River basin (upper Paraná) in September 2018. The parasite community structure of P. bifasciatus differed between areas, with a predominance of monopisthocotyls and greater richness of parasitic taxa for hosts in the lower Iguaçu River basin. In the Piquiri River basin (upper Paraná), the parasite community was characterized by a higher prevalence of larval nematodes and a lower richness of parasite taxa. The differences in the richness and structure of the parasite communities between the two areas support the hypothesis of the introduction of P. bifasciatus into the Piquiri River basin (upper Paraná). Therefore, we emphasize the need for further studies addressing the distribution pattern of P. bifasciatus, as well as additional parasitological studies to determine whether the parasitological taxa of P. bifasciatus are shared in other hydrological systems. This study contributes to the knowledge of the biological aspects of P. bifasciatus in both basins and improves our understanding of how host-parasite interactions can be informative in species introduction scenarios.

We argue that it is both timely and critical to make a clearer distinction between destructive/toxic and incompetent leadership to advance research and better mitigate the problems with leadership quality. To achieve this, we first review and integrate the fragmented literature on the subject and specify what competent and effective leadership is. We then propose an operational definition of toxic leadership that is useful for practitioners to make a better distinction between toxic and incompetent leadership. We finally provide recommendations to avoid and deal with toxic leadership in organizations and discuss research directions.

We establish several new properties of the p-adic Jacquet-Langlands functor defined by Scholze in terms of the cohomology of the Lubin-Tate tower. In particular, we reprove Scholze’s basic finiteness theorems, prove a duality theorem, and show a kind of partial Künneth formula. Using these results, we deduce bounds on Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, together with some new vanishing and nonvanishing results.

Our key new tool is the six functor formalism with solid almost $\mathcal {O}^+/p$-coefficients developed recently by the second author [Man22]. One major point of this paper is to extend the domain of validity of the $!$-functor formalism developed in [Man22] to allow certain ‘stacky’ maps. In the language of this extended formalism, we show that if G is a p-adic Lie group, the structure map of the classifying small v-stack $B\underline {G}$ is p-cohomologically smooth.

Recent academic debate has questioned whether equitable interests should continue to be classified as proprietary, proposing instead analyses based on “rights against rights”, “modified” proprietary rights or the erosion of the proprietary/personal divide. This article, based on the text of the XXIV Old Buildings Lecture 2025, argues that these alternative frameworks, while illuminating, do not displace the enduring value of the traditional proprietary analysis. It shows that equity has long functioned as the principal means by which the law recognises ownership beyond traditional common-law categories. The proprietary characterisation of equitable interests accords with established principle, is often the simplest workable solution to the problem in hand, and corresponds to the ordinary understanding of ownership.

Across psychiatry, neurodivergence is highly prevalent yet under-recognised. Psychiatric vulnerability, treatment response and prognosis are critically shaped by co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and tic disorder. Clinical recognition of neurodivergence and effective management can mitigate mental illness, prevent suicide and reduce societal costs. Services and training should adapt accordingly.

Individual social identities indicate group affiliations and are typically associated with group-typical preferences, signals that indicate group membership, and the propensity to condition actions on the social signals of others, resulting in group-differentiated interaction norms. Past work modeling identity signaling and coordination has typically assumed that individuals belong to one of a discrete set of groups. Yet individuals can simultaneously belong to multiple groups, which may be nested within larger groupings. Here, we introduce the generalized Bach or Stravinsky game, a coordination game with ordered preferences, which allows us to construct a model that captures the overlapping and hierarchical nature of social identity. Our model unifies several prior results into a single framework, including results related to coordination, minority disadvantage, and cross-cultural competence. Our model also allows agents to express complex social identities through multidimensional signaling, which we use to explore a variety of complex group structures. Our consideration of intersectional identities exposes flaws in naive measures of group structure, illustrating how empirical studies may overlook some social identities if they do not consider the behaviors that those identities function to afford.

We examined how first (L1) and second language (L2) English speakers interpret thematic roles when semantic cues conflict with syntactic cues in discourse contexts. We tested three groups: monolingual English speakers, Taiwanese Mandarin-speaking and Japanese-speaking L2 learners of English. Participants read written vignettes containing target sentences with by-phrases (e.g., Jerry was robbed by the thief). In these sentences, the embedded by-phrase noun was either semantically congruent or incongruent with the previous and subsequent discourse context. An offline comprehension task measured interpretations of the agent. Following predictions from the Competition Model and the Shallow Structure Hypothesis, we tested whether L2 speakers would rely more heavily on semantic cues as a general rule, or whether differences in how L1–L2 structures differ within and between participants would influence comprehension of the agents. Results from Bayesian multilevel regression models indicated that L2 speakers were more likely to choose agents based on semantic cues when compared to L1 speakers. No strong effects of L1–L2 cue similarity were obtained. Our results lend new support to the view that L2 speakers rely more heavily on discourse-level semantic cues than L1 speakers, highlighting the need for further research on cue competition in discourse contexts.

This festschrift essay honors the academic life and work of Douglas Laycock, one of the most important scholars and advocates in American law and religion. This essay offers tribute to a mentor from whom I took three classes and an independent study in law school, for whom I worked as a research assistant, and with whom I have remained in close conversation during my two decades in the academy. It also offers an insider’s account of Laycock’s intellectual project and influence—punctuated with stories, observations, and nuggets of wisdom drawn from a close reading of his scholarship and briefs. This essay traces Laycock’s career from his early academic work to his later role in landmark Supreme Court litigation, ultimately seeing Laycock’s deepest legacy as lying not only in the doctrines he helped shape, but in a model of intellectually serious, cross-ideological engagement that both inspires us and calls us to account.