The objective of this article is to explore the significance of labour-related laws and regulations, taking account of the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CPP) and the Chinese government, particularly concerning labour, unemployment, and reform challenges. The analysis demonstrates that stringent labour laws are associated with lower unemployment rates due to increased job security and protection for workers. The study indicates that the CPP significantly shapes and influences labour-related policies and regulations, and so economic growth.

Non-autonomous self-similar sets are a family of compact sets which are, in some sense, highly homogeneous in space but highly inhomogeneous in scale. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify various regularity properties and separation conditions relevant for the fine local scaling properties of these sets. A simple application of our results is a precise formula for the Assouad dimension of non-autonomous self-similar sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ satisfying a certain “bounded neighbourhood” condition, which generalises earlier work of Li–Li–Miao–Xi and Olson–Robinson–Sharples. We also see that the bounded neighbourhood assumption is, in few different senses, as general as possible.

The 1970s saw intense discussions among feminists about the patriarchal family. While radical feminists called for complete withdrawal from marriage and motherhood, others attempted to reconfigure the roles of parents and children in the light of feminism. A particularly vibrant discussion unfolded in the feminist magazine Effe, published in Rome between 1973 and 1982, evolving from a largely negative to a more nuanced view of motherhood by the late 1970s. The notion of love was central. Effe writers asked how love could be separated from care and if it was really so natural. They stressed how maternal love needed to be balanced with children’s need for freedom and autonomy and reflected on their experiences as daughters as well as mothers. While excessive love could be harmful, there was radical potential in the notion of the loved and wanted child. Many proposed collective solutions to child-rearing, while others stressed the sensual pleasures of motherhood. Using a history of the emotions lens, this article teases out the complexities and contradictions of Italian feminist thinking about motherhood. Although the space for more positive evaluations expanded over time, Effe was ultimately more successful in reclaiming pregnancy as a feminist experience than motherhood itself.

This study presents a series of new radiocarbon dates and the first stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements of C3 cereal grains from Roman Iron Age (1–400 AD) archaeobotanical assemblages in Lithuania, southeastern Baltic region. These data are complemented by stable isotope measurements of faunal remains to assess local environmental conditions and evaluate human impact on the landscape through agricultural practices. The δ15N and δ13C values indicate that agriculture during this period relied heavily on intensive manuring and cultivation in open, well-irrigated landscapes. The results also reveal diverse cultivation strategies across sites, with isotopic differences between rye and barley suggesting the possible use of an infield–outfield cultivation system. Radiocarbon dates indicate that these agricultural innovations may have started as early as the 1st to mid-2nd century AD with the introduction of rye, however the evidence points to a gradual and uneven adoption rather than a rapid uniform shift.

The James Ross Basin, situated in the northwestern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, holds one of the most complete sedimentary records of the Cretaceous, and hosts exceptionally well-preserved and diverse fossil assemblages, particularly notable for high southern latitudes. The Santa Marta Formation (Santonian–Campanian) harbors a rich decapod crustacean fauna, including Anomura, Astacidea, Achelata, Brachyura, and Glypheidea. Among brachyuran crabs, only four families have been described on James Ross Island: Homolodromiidae, Necrocarcinidae, Prosopidae, and Raninidae. This work focuses on a brachyuran from the Marambio Group, a part of the Santa Marta Formation. The material presented here was collected during the 41st Brazilian Antarctic Operation by researchers of the PALEOANTAR project. The site consists of a sequence of intercalated volcanic sandstones, siltstones, and tuffs, interpreted as a set of volcanoclastic deposits formed in a deltaic environment. The specimen described here with a well-preserved ventral surface, Sabellidromites santamarta new species, is assigned to the Dynomenidae based on uropods as calcified dorsal plates, a reduced, obliquely subdorsal fifth pereopod (fourth pereopod not reduced), and characteristics of the dorsal carapace. The occurrence of Sabellidromites santamarta n. sp. in the Santonian–Campanian of Antarctica suggests biogeographic exchanges of the dynomenid fauna between the Northern and Southern hemispheres during the Late Cretaceous.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/5c53c84a-af78-432f-ba1a-795008a3db70

In recent years, the increasing accumulation of radiocarbon dating data in Jomon research has progressed, creating a foundation for more detailed chronological estimates of the Jomon period’s high-resolution typo-chronology. However, there remains a gap between relative chronologies based on typology and radiocarbon data. A key issue arises from discrepancies between the concept of keishiki (“type” in Japanese) as a time unit of relative chronology, defined based on production period, and the radiocarbon dates, which reflect various events that occurred to the pottery after its production. To overcome the gap, this study introduced a new Bayesian chronological model, the one-sided sequential model, which sequentially orders only the start boundaries of each typological group. When this model was applied to a case study from the Middle Jomon period in the Kanto region, it estimated more reasonable date ranges for each phase of the typo-chronology than the contiguous model. Additionally, the resulting estimated duration of each pottery type was shorter during periods of higher estimated populations and longer during periods of lower estimated populations, providing new insights into the temporal aspects of Jomon society While Bayesian chronological modeling is not prevalent in Jomon research, appropriate models make it possible to make chronological estimates consistent with the high-resolution Jomon chronology, which is considered to approach a generational scale. Such attempts enable detailed clarification of various social and cultural changes. The temporality of the past thus revealed provides a new approach to a deeper understanding of Jomon society.

Despite growing interest in African varieties of French, few attempts have been made to examine them from a variationist perspective. This contribution aims to use phonetic variation as a vantage point for exploring language ideologies surrounding the use of French in postcolonial contexts. The study focuses on the French variety spoken in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and draws on a bilingual Lingala–French dataset elicited from L1 Lingala speakers. The sample reflects a key social distinction in Kinshasa: that between long-term urban residents and recent rural migrants. Are there multiple phonetic varieties of Kinshasa French? To what extent do their forms merely reflect variation in Lingala? The study finds that the most focused variety of Kinshasa French is strongly associated with urban women and is approximated to varying degrees by rural migrants, particularly women. In addition to features with likely origins in either rural or urban Lingala, Kinshasa French exhibits hypercorrect forms and features that may mirror variation trends in Parisian French.

Factorization structures occur in toric differential and discrete geometry and can be viewed in multiple ways, e.g., as objects determining substantial classes of explicit toric Sasaki and Kähler geometries, as special coordinates on such or as an apex generalization of cyclic polytopes featuring a generalized Gale’s evenness condition. This article presents a comprehensive study of this new concept called factorization structures. It establishes their structure theory and introduces their use in the geometry of cones and polytopes. The article explains a construction of polytopes and cones compatible with a given factorization structure and exemplifies it for the product Segre–Veronese and Veronese factorization structures, where the latter case includes cyclic polytopes. Further, it derives the generalized Gale’s evenness condition for compatible cones, polytopes, and their duals and explicitly describes faces of these. Factorization structures naturally provide generalized Vandermonde identities, which relate normals of any compatible polytope, and which are used to find examples of Delzant and rational Delzant polytopes compatible with the Veronese factorization structure. The article offers a myriad of factorization structure examples, which are later characterized to be precisely factorization structures with decomposable curves, and raises the question if these encompass all factorization structures, i.e., the existence of an indecomposable factorization curve.

The crystal structure of cabotegravir has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Cabotegravir crystallizes in space group P21212 (#18) with a = 31.4706(11), b = 13.4934(3), c = 8.43811(12) Å, V = 3,583.201(18) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of stacks of roughly parallel molecules along the c-axis. The molecules form layers parallel to the bc-plane. O–H···O hydrogen bonds link one of the two independent molecules into chains along the b-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD®) for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).