Kaolinite, a widely distributed clay mineral, is extensively applied in construction, industry and agriculture due to its physical, chemical and mechanical properties. This study employed quantum mechanics-based first-principles calculations to investigate the crystal structure, electronic properties and mechanical properties of kaolinite at various temperatures from a microscopic perspective. The main conclusions are as follows: structurally, lattice parameters (a, b, c) and volume increased with temperature, with c showing the largest such increase. The interlayer spacing between silicate tetrahedral and alumina octahedral layers slightly decreased from 0.3733 to 0.3702 Å, indicating that temperature exerts a stronger influence on the interlayer hydrogen bonds than on the covalent bonds within the layers. Electronically, in the 0–750 K range, kaolinite’s band gap narrowed from 5.13 to 5.06 eV; s orbital electrons of Al atoms jumped from the valence to the conduction band, reducing insulation. Mechanically, the elastic constants C11, C22, C33, C44 and C66 decreased while C55 increased with temperature. The bulk modulus declined continuously, whereas the shear modulus and Young’s modulus first increased then decreased. The universal anisotropy index decreased markedly, reducing elastic anisotropy. Temperature (0–750 K) significantly affects kaolinite’s properties. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for optimizing the physicochemical and mechanical properties of kaolinite-based materials.

The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) by teenagers is increasing rapidly. GenAI is a form of artificial intelligence that creates new text, images, video and audio, using models based on huge amounts of training data. However, using GenAI can also create misinformation and biased, inappropriate and harmful outputs. Teenagers are increasingly using GenAI in daily life, including in mental healthcare, and may not be aware of the limitations and risks. GenAI may also be used for malicious purposes that may have long-term, negative impacts on mental health. There is a need to increase awareness of how GenAI may have a negative impact on the mental health of teenagers.

Negative out-group attitudes are often attributed to perceptions of competition or threat. We propose an alternative source: culture, conceptualized as cultural scripts—interconnected networks of meanings that link particular group identities to negatively connoted phenomena. Evidence comes from three studies on the reactivation of the cultural script of traditional antisemitism in Germany. We begin our analysis by isolating the cultural script through automated analysis of a corpus of antisemitic texts. Next, using survey data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 17,800), we document an increase in antisemitism among Christian believers. This, we argue, is due to the pandemic activating the cultural script of traditional antisemitism, which links Judaism with the spread of disease. By means of an additional survey (n = 2,000) and a concept association task, we demonstrate the presence of the cultural script in the minds of Christian believers. Two priming experiments explore how elements of the script can be triggered. Our work demonstrates the deep cultural roots of negative out-group attitudes and suggests a novel set of methods for studying them.

This article explores the intersection of neurology and psychiatry in the assessment of psychosis. It provides a practical overview of neurological disorders associated with psychosis, including epilepsy, autoimmune encephalitis, neurodegenerative dementias, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, brain neoplasms, multiple sclerosis and genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. Accurate diagnosis requires recognising clinical red flags and adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrates psychopathology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology and biomarker analysis. Treatment strategies vary according to aetiology and may include antipsychotics and others pharmacological resources, immunotherapy, neuromodulation and behavioural interventions.

Stenodrilus (Coleoptera: Omethidae: Telegeusinae) is a monotypic genus, with its single species described from Chiapas, Mexico. Two new species of the genus are described from Honduras, Stenodrilus howdenorum Roza new species and Stenodrilus megalocephalus Roza new species. These are the first records of the family in the country and the first records of the genus in Central America. The new species are diagnosed, described, and illustrated, and a distributional map and identification key for the species of Stenodrilus are provided. The morphology of the genus is discussed in the subfamilial framework.

We consider induced representations $\operatorname {\mathrm {Ind}}_{\mathrm {P}(F)}^{\operatorname {\mathrm {G}}(F)} \pi $, where $\mathrm {P}$ is a maximal parabolic subgroup of a reductive group $\operatorname {\mathrm {G}}$ over a p-adic field F, and $(\pi , V)$ is a unitary supercuspidal representation of $\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}(F)$, $\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}$ being some Levi subgroup of $\mathrm {P}$. Imposing a certain ‘Heisenberg parabolic subgroup’ assumption on $\mathrm {P}$, we apply the method of Goldberg, Shahidi and Spallone to obtain an expression for a certain constant $R(\tilde {\pi })$, which captures the residue of a family $s \mapsto A(s, \pi , w_0)$ of intertwining operators associated to this situation, in terms of harmonic analysis on the twisted Levi subgroup $\tilde {\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}}(F) := \operatorname {\mathrm {M}}(F) w_0$. For $\operatorname {\mathrm {G}}$ absolutely almost simple and simply connected of type $G_2$ or $D_4$ (resp., $B_3$), and $\mathrm {P}$ satisfying the ‘Heisenberg’ condition, if the central character of $\pi $ is nontrivial (resp., trivial) on $\operatorname {\mathrm {A}}_{\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}}(F)$, where $\operatorname {\mathrm {A}}_{\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}}$ is the connected centre of $\operatorname {\mathrm {M}}$, our formula for $R(\tilde {\pi })$ can be rewritten in terms of the Langlands parameter of $\pi $, in the spirit of a prediction of Arthur. For the same collection of $\operatorname {\mathrm {G}}$ and $\mathrm {P}$, when these central character conditions are not satisfied, Arthur’s prediction combined with our formula for $R(\tilde {\pi })$ suggests a harmonic analytic formula for a product of one or two $\gamma $-factors associated to the situation.

In this article, the ubiquitous visibility of Indian nationalist authors in the public sphere and academic scholarship is contrasted to the conspicuous invisibilization of authors in those domains who took critical and contrary stances on the Indian nationalist movement and ideology. S. Natarajan, also known as ‘Sarada’, was a Tamil migrant hotel worker who fashioned himself into a prodigious fiction writer in the Telugu public sphere during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Even in a brutally exploitative condition, he managed to engage in literary activity. His singularly important realist novel was Manchi-Chedu (literal English translation Good-Evil, serialized in 1954). Written in Telugu, it narrates the entangled life journeys of three ordinary individuals. It also engages with the immensely violent and tragic dimensions of problematic aspects of modern societies, such as destitution and prostitution.

The tragedy of the protagonists indicates the exploitative conditions under which Sarada wrote and his disillusionment with the newly independent India. The novel articulates a brutally exploited worker’s perspective of a triumphant Indian nationalism at ‘the moment of arrival’ and its meaning for the dispossessed. While realist aesthetics is always associated with the concerns and anxieties of Indian nationalism in post-colonial critical discourse, Sarada’s realism proposes an ideological critique of Indian nationalist discourse. Manchi-Chedu is a 1950s novel that belongs to a period in which India was transitioning from a colony of the British empire to an independent nation-state. By portraying the aspirations, struggles, and travails of ordinary individuals, Manchi-Chedu interrogates the dominant representation of women in the Indian nationalist novel and discourse. The novel, which achieved spectacular success and reception in the Telugu public sphere, shows the different kinds of imagination (about the nation) in regional literature.

Dreams were an important but epistemically ambiguous feature of ancient medicine and a key site of religious experience. Galen of Pergamum, whose father’s dreams were decisive in his becoming a physician, incorporates dreams into diagnostic inquiry, therapeutic innovation and theological speculation. Scholars have long treated Galen’s positive descriptions of his and others’ dreams as indications of religious commitments at odds with his avowed rationalist epistemology. This article re-examines Galenic texts on dream diagnosis, references to dream-based therapies and descriptions of his father’s dreams. Having traced Galen’s sources and descriptions of dreams, it shows that the oneiric is perfectly comprehensible within his rationalist, physiological framework. The article shifts questions of dreams’ significance from their origins to descriptions of their quality and the context of their mention. The article concludes by showing that, consonant with his own epistemological and rhetorical commitments, dreams offer the Pergamene physician confirmatory techniques, means of surprise and innovation and a rhetorical strategy for validating his knowledge, skill and standing.

Task-based language teaching is believed to facilitate language learning opportunities that arise when performing tasks. Although the synergies between task and learner variables in this process rose to prominence recently, little has been undertaken to explore the individual difference-task interaction in textual meaning-making activities. This study thus explored how second language (L2) writing performance under different task complexity conditions was impacted by L2 writing willingness to communicate (WTC) and L2 writing proficiency. Participants with upper-intermediate English proficiency were recruited following a within-between-participant factorial research design. The results confirmed that WTC significantly influenced syntactic complexity, accuracy, and fluency in L2 writing, suggesting that conative individual differences (IDs) might play a more prominent role in L2 writing than cognitive IDs. Among the sub-components of WTC, motivational predispositions performed better than emotional, cognitive, and writing-specific features in affecting L2 writing performance. Additionally, WTC played a more pronounced role in the complex task, supporting the claim of Robinson’s cognition hypothesis that ID effects are more evident in complex tasks than simple tasks. However, no interaction between L2 writing WTC and proficiency was found. Theoretical and pedagogical implications were offered on considering both L2 WTC and task complexity in task-based writing instruction.

We investigate some investment problems related to maximizing the expected utility of the terminal wealth in a continuous-time Itô–Markov additive market. In this market, the prices of financial assets are described by Markov additive processes that combine Lévy processes with regime-switching models. We give explicit expressions for the solutions to the portfolio selection problem for the hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) utility, the exponential utility, and the extended logarithmic utility. In addition, we demonstrate that the solutions for the HARA utility are stable in terms of weak convergence when the parameters vary in a suitable way.

Teju Cole’s Open City is one of several recent postcolonial novels that narrate the refugee crisis and the threats to nonhuman species in a way that takes seriously the parallels and interspecies relationships. I am interested in the extent to which novels that explore kinships across boundaries of kind manage to make a space for the nonhuman in the anthropocentric form of the novel. In the case of Open City, I argue that Cole’s figural approach offers a means of formalizing the human representation of nonhuman others as a problem and allows readers to make connections across species boundaries even as the novel raises the specter of moral stasis through the cosmopolitan narrator’s failure to take an ethical stance with respect to those in search of refuge, human or not. This failure is a human one, and in offering an anatomy of such a failure, Cole invites scrutiny of cosmopolitanism as much as of the novel form’s anthropocentrism.

This paper explores how traditional Chinese vegetarian concerns were adapted to exploit new possibilities in the early twentieth century. Specifically, I examine attempts to promote the vegetarian diet through monosodium glutamate, ventures to manufacture vegan soap, and the emergence of a vibrant culture of urban vegetarian restaurants, all of which were actively supported by the socially conservative monk Yinguang 印光 (1862–1940).