Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a key monoamine neurotransmitter in insects, which regulates neural functions and influences various developmental and physiological processes by binding to its receptors. In this study, we investigate the molecular characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of the 5-HT7 receptor (Cf5-HT7) in Chrysopa formosa, with a focus on its potential involvement in developmental and diapause regulation. The Cf5-HT7 gene was identified and cloned from the C. formosa transcriptome, revealing an open reading frame of 1788 bp encoding a 596 amino acid protein. Sequence analysis confirmed that Cf5-HT7 is a typical class A G protein-coupled receptor, characterised by seven transmembrane domains and several post-translational modifications, including palmitoylation and N-glycosylation sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cf5-HT7 is most closely related to the 5-HT7 receptor from Chrysoperla carnea, with high conservation of key motifs involved in ligand binding and receptor activation. Expression analysis across different developmental stages of C. formosa showed that Cf5-HT7 is highly expressed in the first instar larvae, with significant upregulation observed during the prepupal stage. Under diapause-inducing conditions, Cf5-HT7 expression is modulated in a stage-specific manner, showing a marked decrease at the onset of diapause, followed by a significant increase during the mid-to-late diapause maintenance phase. These findings suggest that it plays a pivotal role in regulating development and diapause processes in C. formosa, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing insect life cycle transitions. This study lays the groundwork for future research into the functional roles of 5-HT7 receptors in insect physiology and their potential applications in manipulating diapause.

This paper situates Ptolemaeus Chennus’ treatment of Alexander the Great in the Kainē Historia within the miscellany tradition, and demonstrates how he engages directly in the discourse of his day concerning Alexander. The Alexander anecdotes furthermore reveal the parodic nature of the text: rather than to inform those seeking knowledge as the author claims in the preface, the Kainē Historia provides an opportunity for the already erudite reader to flaunt their own pre-existing knowledge that is necessary to unlock the jokes that sit at the heart of each anecdote. Consequently, the Alexander anecdotes should be understood as a means through which Ptolemy mocks not only the miscellany genre, but also the obstruse knowledge contained therein and the role it played in the performance of paideia.

The late-acquired French subjunctive–indicative contrast conveys important information about event realization and is characterized by bound morphology, form ambiguity, contextual restrictedness, and the infrequency of the subjunctive. This study contributes underrepresented adverbial-clause interpretation data and incorporates lexical effects to extend what is known about why French mood is late-acquired. We assess interpretation of four adverbial conjunctions which primarily co-occur with subjunctive or indicative mood in corpus searches. Analysis of 77 participants revealed a statistically significant interaction between mood and proficiency, with more proficient learners affected by mood, whereas clause order influenced less proficient learners. Moreover, lower-proficiency learners treated adverbs within a particular class of co-occurrence more similarly across the 32 items than our advanced learners or native speakers, who were sensitive to lexical effects, attributable to the roles of frequency and semantics. The study contributes to the growing body of research on late-acquired structures, for which learners attend to evolving cues across acquisitional trajectories.

Given a polarised abelian variety over a number field, we provide totally explicit upper bounds for the cardinality of the rational points whose Néron-Tate height is less than a small threshold. These imply new estimates for the number of torsion points as well as the minimal height of a non-torsion point. Our bounds involve the Faltings height and dimension of the abelian variety together with the degrees of the polarisation and the number field but we also get a stronger statement where we use certain successive minima associated to the period lattice at a fixed archimedean place, in the spirit of a result of David for elliptic curves.

Let F be a non-archimedean locally compact field of residual characteristic p, let $G=\operatorname {GL}_{r}(F)$ and let $\widetilde {G}$ be an n-fold metaplectic cover of G with $\operatorname {gcd}(n,p)=1$. We study the category $\operatorname {Rep}_{\mathfrak {s}}(\widetilde {G})$ of complex smooth representations of $\widetilde {G}$ having inertial equivalence class $\mathfrak {s}=(\widetilde {M},\mathcal {O})$, which is a block of the category $\operatorname {Rep}(\widetilde {G})$, following the ‘type theoretical’ strategy of Bushnell-Kutzko.

Precisely, first we construct a ‘maximal simple type’ $(\widetilde {J_{M}},\widetilde {\lambda }_{M})$ of $\widetilde {M}$ as an $\mathfrak {s}_{M}$-type, where $\mathfrak {s}_{M}=(\widetilde {M},\mathcal {O})$ is the related cuspidal inertial equivalence class of $\widetilde {M}$. Along the way, we prove the folklore conjecture that every cuspidal representation of $\widetilde {M}$ could be constructed explicitly by a compact induction. Secondly, we construct ‘simple types’ $(\widetilde {J},\widetilde {\lambda })$ of $\widetilde {G}$ and prove that each of them is an $\mathfrak {s}$-type of a certain block $\operatorname {Rep}_{\mathfrak {s}}(\widetilde {G})$. When $\widetilde {G}$ is either a Kazhdan-Patterson cover or Savin’s cover, the corresponding blocks turn out to be those containing discrete series representations of $\widetilde {G}$. Finally, for a simple type $(\widetilde {J},\widetilde {\lambda })$ of $\widetilde {G}$, we describe the related Hecke algebra $\mathcal {H}(\widetilde {G},\widetilde {\lambda })$, which turns out to be not far from an affine Hecke algebra of type A, and is exactly so if $\widetilde {G}$ is one of the two special covers mentioned above.

We leave the construction of a ‘semi-simple type’ related to a general block $\operatorname {Rep}_{\mathfrak {s}}(\widetilde {G})$ to a future phase of the work.

We study how managers react to shareholder empowerment that makes votes on shareholder proposals binding. We empirically exploit staggered legislative changes that introduce such empowerment for proposals regarding majority voting in director elections. We find that managers become more responsive to shareholder requirements by initiating majority voting through either management proposals or governance guidelines. This early action crowds out shareholder proposals. Further results suggest compromised implementation: Managers adopt provisions that give them greater control over the channel of implementation and allow them to retain directors who fail in elections. Our results suggest that managers retain substantial discretion to modulate shareholder requirements. This article was partially completed when Wu was at Fudan University. Any errors are attributable solely to the authors.

Longitudinal studies can provide insights into how family members negotiate the caring role and carer identity over time. The analyses of the longitudinal, qualitative interviews on ‘living well’ with dementia from the IDEAL cohort study aimed to identify the shifting, embedded narratives of family members of people with dementia as they negotiated the caring role and carer identity over time. Twenty semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with family members of people with dementia and 14 were repeated one year later; these interviews were analysed using cross-sectional and longitudinal thematic and structural narrative analyses. Longitudinal, interrelated themes, including the care needs and decline of the person with dementia, relationship change and variable service support, framed the narrative types of family members. Six shifting narratives, apparent as dominant and secondary narrative types, characterized negotiating the caring role over time: absent/normalizing, active role adoption / carer identity, resistance, acceptance and resignation, hypervigilance/submergence and role entrapment, and foreshadowed future. The presence or absence of a carer identity was also evident from interviewees’ accounts, although, even where family members were overburdened by the caring role, they did not necessarily express a carer identity. Rather than considering transition into a carer identity, hearing different narratives within the caring role is important to understand how family members experience caring, whether they see themselves as ‘carers’, and when and how they need support. Timely and continued post-diagnostic support, where different caring narratives are recognized, is needed, as well as international initiatives for carer identification.

Three brilliant recent books get us to think harder about risk in ancient Rome and Roman approaches to risk-taking. They are very different from one another, both in the evidence they cover and the approaches they take, and that in itself reflects the ubiquitous, or indeed proteiform, nature of the subject matter: risk is all around, as we all know.

Differences between models of industrialization are increasingly recognized as an important element of global economic history, and the quality of jobs is receiving new interest as a better indicator of living standards than income alone. This paper considers the implications of historical development models for job quality using the spinning section of textile manufacture in the early United States as a case study. The three factory systems that originated in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and around Philadelphia varied in technical choice, management practices, and establishment size, and exhibited heterogeneity in components of job quality. The paper uses quantitative evidence, including more than 2000 observations of early industrial workers’ wages, qualitative material from government investigations, worker letters, and company correspondence, and the Historical Job Quality Indicators to analyse work quality for spinning workers and to explore variation between the three industrial models. Workers in the more competitive Philadelphia model had lower real earnings, less job security, and higher work intensity than employees of the paternalistic Massachusetts mills. The paper highlights the importance of considering variation by location when evaluating historical living standards and the implications of industrialization strategies for quality of life.

Clay minerals wettability is a key property for predicting water distribution and pollutant migration in natural or artificial materials. This study attempted to understand the difference in hydrophilicity due to the exchange of structural hydroxyl groups by fluorine atoms, observed in a number of clays. To this end, contact angles of water droplets on hydroxylated and fluorinated talcs were calculated from molecular simulations with two different force fields (one non-polarizable and one polarizable). In parallel, careful measurements of contact angles on a hydroxylated talc monocrystal were undertaken in order to assess the ability of the force fields to reproduce experiments. As expected, fluorinated talc was slightly more hydrophobic than hydroxylated talc for both force fields. Moreover, although the two force fields lead to fluid properties at the interface that were significantly different, the associated contact angles (and related works of adhesion) remained quite close to each other and to contact angles obtained on similar silica-type surfaces. These contact angles overestimated the experimental ones. This could be tentatively assigned to the presence of steps on monocrystal surfaces that could slightly increase the hydrophilicity of the surface, resulting in slightly lower contact angles. When analyzing more carefully the differences between both force fields, it appeared that the use of a polarizable force field resulted in a higher depletion of the fluid close to the surface. This could indicate less attraction between the fluid and the solid and a lesser constraint for the fluid. The combination of these two effects leads to a lower entropy loss and consequently to slightly higher work of adhesion.

Using newspaper coverage of women's and girl's property offences in minor English and Irish courts, I analyze courts’ use of Catholic convent institutions between 1930 and 1959. Coverage of minor local hearings offers access to everyday cases, where boundaries between moral and legal transgression were blurred. I explore three interlocking themes in newspaper reports. First, those courts sent to convents were punished, at least in part, for breaching prevailing gendered moral norms. Second, judges represented convents as sites of moral reform; justifying convent detention by reinforcing gendered notions of damaged female agency. Finally, judges sent women and girls to convents even when they publicly resisted. In these ways, courts reinforced reliance on convents for gendered “moral reclamation.” In the conclusion, I explore the argument's implications for state reckoning with historical abuses in institutions like Ireland's Magdalene laundries, showing how abolition feminist legal histories can pose new questions about relationships between law and the experience of mass incarceration.

This study explores retirement processes. State pension age is gradually increasing in many countries, including the Netherlands. The traditional retirement pathway where individuals have a cliff-edge transition from a full-time job with a permanent contract to full retirement appears to be applicable to an ever-smaller group of employees. Hence, more recently, ‘retirement’ is viewed not as a single transition out of the labour force but rather as a process determined by several intertwined contractual and financial aspects of the labour market. Research has hardly ever combined labour market aspects such as employment security (type of employment contract), financial security (income), work-time arrangements (hours worked) and social protection (receipt of pension and other benefits). This study aims to address this knowledge gap using register data from Statistics Netherlands and treating the status of individuals before and immediately after retirement as a latent variable (late employment quality [LEQ]) measured by several indicators: contract type, contractual working hours, self-employment, income and different types of benefits including pension. We follow older workers between 2008 and 2019 for at least four years before and two years after state pension age and derive trajectories of LEQ using a mixture hidden Markov model. The results indicate several avenues: ‘retirement with medium/high pension’, ‘from non-employment to low pension’, ‘eventually partial retirement’, ‘steps from employment to low pension’ and ‘alternating work and non-work’. It seems to be the case that most older workers in the Netherlands cannot simply be categorised as having either cliff-edge transitions or atypical retirement.