We investigated the hypothesis that supplementing milk replacer (MR) with exogenous lactoferrin (LF) would improve average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency and decrease scouring incidence in dairy calves. Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory glycoprotein naturally found in bovine colostrum and milk that is low in MR. Previous studies suggest that supplementing LF to MR enhances ADG and feed efficiency while reducing disease occurrence in pre-weaning dairy calves. In our experiment, 103 Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design from birth to d56 of age. Each calf received 340.1 g/d of 24% protein, 20% fat basal MR fed twice daily from d1 to 42 and once daily from d43 to 49, supplemented with 0 (L0), 1 (L1), 2 (L2) or 4 (L4) g/hd/d of LF treatment (45% purity). Calves were weaned at 49d of age. Body weight was measured at d1, 14, 28, 42, 49 and 56 of age. Faecal scores were measured weekly. Milk replacer and calf starter intake was measured daily and calculated biweekly. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model with fixed effects of LF inclusion, and random effects of source herd and nursery room. In the first two weeks of life, ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were numerically (non-statistically) increased in L4 tended compared with L1 and L2, but this effect was not maintained throughout the rest of the pre-weaning period or entire experiment. Average faecal score during the entire 56d experiment was greater in L2 compared with L0, L1 and L4, although faecal scores of all treatment groups were generally low. Under the conditions of the present study, LF supplementation at the inclusion levels provided showed minimal effects on feed intake, growth rate or calf health.

We aimed to develop a new ice cream made from goat milk inoculated with the probiotic bacteria Limosilactobacillus fermentum CABA16. The physicochemical characteristics, meltdown behaviour and sensory properties of ice cream produced with and without the probiotic bacteria were analysed. The ice cream with added L. fermentum was further evaluated for probiotic viability during frozen storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Results showed that the addition of L. fermentum CABA16 decreased the pH to 6.25 (P < 0.05), but had no effect on physicochemical properties such as overrun and melting behaviour of ice cream samples. The viable probiotic count was 6.71 log CFU/g with a survival rate of 90%, which was registered after 120 days of frozen storage. Considering the probiotic cell viability during gastrointestinal conditions, exposure to bile and pancreatin for 6 hours resulted in a decline of 3.6 log CFU/g cycles in ice cream samples previously stored at −18 °C for 120 days. Overall, the goat milk ice cream inoculated with L. fermentum received good sensory scores, and satisfactory probiotic viability (6.7–7 log CFU/g) was maintained throughout the 120 days of frozen storage.

Music streaming platforms are complex socio-technical infrastructures that co-construct cultural production, distribution, and reception. Different contributions have highlighted that artists, producers, and operators may implement optimisation processes, based on their algorithmic imaginaries, to align their music to the modes of listening and categorisation imposed by algorithmic media. Drawing on thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with producers, songwriters, recording industry professionals, and listeners who are heavy users of streaming platforms, this paper reconstructs the social life of a platform-optimised song. Bridging perspectives from science and technology studies and media studies, we investigate the network of relations between human and non-human actors that contribute to the circulation of a platform-optimised song during a four-phase life cycle: creation, industry mediation, platform mediation, and reception. The findings highlight multiple forms of power asymmetries at each stage, recursive dynamics, the erosion of artistic autonomy, and the collaboration of humans and non-human agents to transform music tracks into datafied products.

This article, based on eighteen months of fieldwork with an organization of women with disabilities in Uganda, considers discourses about bodilymental variation that circulated among members and non-members of the organization. I identify two common discourses, based on the words obulema (disability) and abaceke (weak people). The terms are linguistically and conceptually divergent. Obulema (disability) is an individual condition, referencing a non-normative embodied state that conveys disadvantage. Conversely, recognizing someone as an omuceke (a weak person) requires attending to a person’s bodymind and their socio-economic circumstances and relationships. While obulema is an objectified individual category connected to citizenship and defined through the legal-political realm, whether someone is an omuceke is determined interpersonally. Following Oche Onazi’s suggestion that rights-based and relational approaches to disability justice, while fundamentally different, might not be incompatible, I investigate their interaction during a land dispute between a woman with visual impairment and her neighbours. I combine analysis of how different ways of talking about bodilymental difference invoke divergent logical forms of obligations with attention to the relational contexts in which these obligations apply in practice. This novel approach offers a resource for understanding the complex intersections between discourses about bodymind variation, particularly in postcolonial settings.

Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible approximately for 155,000 deaths annually. S. enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, affecting mainly people in developed countries. The human immune system produces antibacterial peptides and proteins like lactoferrin (LF). This work addresses the hypothesis that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and its derivative peptides bLactoferricin17-30, bD-Lactoferricin17-30, bLactoferrampin265-284, bD-Lactoferrampin265-284 and bLF-chimera have antimicrobial activity on planktonic cells and pre-formed biofilms of S. enterica. Planktonic Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 were treated with bLF and bLF-peptides for two hours, and bacterial viability was determined by counting colony-forming units/ml. In addition, S. enterica biofilms were pre-formed or established on an abiotic surface, and viability or disruption was assessed in the presence of bLF and bLF-peptides by counting colony-forming units/ml or using the live/dead viability kit. We observed that bLF and bLF-peptides were bactericidal against planktonic S. enterica, killing more than 80% of cultures after two hours of treatment. The bactericidal effect was concentration and time-dependent. In addition, bLF, bLFampin165-284, and bLF-chimera showed an anti-biofilm effect against Salmonella biofilms pre-formed during 8 and 12 hours on the abiotic surface, disorganizing more than 50% of the biofilms after 4 or 6 hours of treatment. We conclude that bLF and its peptides show antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and pre-formed biofilms of S. enterica on abiotic surfaces and could potentially be a therapeutic solution to combat Salmonella infections.

In early 2011, at the height of the so-called Arab Spring, Muammar al-Qaddafi’s regime (r. 1969–2011) started to disintegrate. As violence convulsed Libya, hundreds of thousands of people fled across the borders into Tunisia and Egypt—not only Libyans, but also third-country nationals who had been living and working within Libyan borders, many from sub-Saharan Africa.1 In response, and against the backdrop of a newfound revolutionary idealism, the Tunisian government chose to keep the border open.2 In February, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) established the Choucha refugee camp, located eleven kilometers from the Ras Jadir border post—Tunisia’s first refugee camp since the Algerian war in 1962.3 That same month, the filmmakers Ismaël, Youssef Chebbi, and Ala Eddine Slim drove south from Tunis to Choucha to make a film.

This article examines the “beloved’s male camel section” in classical Arabic poetry, a structural and thematic component within the traditional ẓaʿāʾin section, which depicts the departure of the beloved. It investigates the development of this significant element and explores its usage in both Umayyad and pre-Umayyad poetry, with particular emphasis on the work of the early Islamic poet Mulayh b. al-Hakam from the Hejaz region, whose contributions have been largely overlooked in modern studies. The article concludes with several key findings, notably that the beloved’s male camel section is a defining feature of Umayyad-era poetry. This study also helps pinpoint when six poems from Mulayh’s dīwān were composed and reevaluates the timeframe of another poem attributed to an anonymous poet.