In recent years, the genre of UK drill has become the target of a range of ‘posh’ musical parodies. These parodies come in various forms, from private school students making TikToks under the hashtag #privateschool that use the genre’s reputation to illustrate their own privilege (Hall 2020; Complex UK 2023), to folky YouTube covers of drill songs that play off the musical differences between the two styles. Some of these parodies juxtapose UK drill’s reputation as a working class and Black British artform with upper class and white stereotypes, providing a sharp reminder of the issues that can arise through unnecessary socio-cultural comparison. In addition, many creators of these parodies appear to hide behind a veil of self-reflexive acknowledgement to mask the various ethical quandaries that arise in their work, often passing harmful content off as self-deprecating fun.

We present a catalogue of 3 557 Double Radio sources associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (DRAGNs) from the First Pilot Survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), observed at 944 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, covering 270 deg$^{2}$. We have extracted and identified each source by eye, tagged it with a morphological type and measured its parameters. The resulting catalogue will be used in subsequent papers to explore the properties of these sources, to train machine-learning algorithms for the detection of these sources in larger fields, and to compare with the results of Citizen Science projects, with the ultimate goal of understanding the physical processes that drive DRAGNs. Compared with earlier, lower sensitivity, catalogues, we find more diffuse structure and a plethora of more complex structures, ranging from wings of radio emission on the side of the jets, to types of object which have not been seen in earlier observations. As well as the well-known FR1 and FR2 sources, we find significant numbers of rare types of radio source such as Hybrid Morphology Radio Sources and one-sided jets, as well as a wide range of bent-tail and head-tail sources.

The Cropping System CROPGRO-Perennial Forage Model (CROPGRO-PFM) within the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) framework is among the few models that simulate and evaluate perennial forages. However, its application to systems in East Africa remains limited. To address this gap, this study aimed to assess the capability of the CROPGRO-PFM model to predict herbage yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under Urochloa hybrid cv. Cayman and to evaluate herbage and SOC responses to varying manure application rates in Tanzania. Model calibration involved adjusting parameters related to soil water content and the fraction of SOC in the stable pool. The simulated herbage yield showed a good agreement with observed data, with the D-statistic ranging from 0.58 to 0.85, with no calibration required from previous genotype coefficients used for Urochloa’s. The model captured seasonal variations in herbage production, showing peak yields during the wet season and reduced yields during the dry season. However, accurately capturing SOC variability requires long-term data, while our study was limited to just three years.

Model application for 30 years across six sites revealed that a manure application rate of 10 t ha-1 led to SOC gains up to 0.7 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 and a 135% increase in herbage production. The results show the model’s potential application for simulating herbage yield and SOC under irrigation and manure management in East Africa.

Wearable devices placed in or around the ear, often referred to as hearables, are gaining attention as alternative tools for pseudo-continuous health monitoring. Among their several capabilities, hearables are primarily useful for monitoring brain activity electronically via electroencephalography (EEG), enabling noninvasive, long-term recording of neural signals (e.g., from the ear canal). In addition to EEG, hearables can monitor heart rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature, all while maintaining the comfort and discretion of everyday items like earplugs or headphones. This review explores recent progress in combining multiple sensors, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), and developing novel materials that make hearables more accurate, practical, and comfortable. On-device AI enables real-time, personalized insights that can support therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders like epilepsy. We seek further improvements in design and materials beyond this proof-of-concept, including three-dimensional printing with flexible electrodes while maintaining the unique property of monolithic circuit integration during system printing. That helps devices conform even better to the ear’s anatomy for enhanced comfort and signal quality, while the rigidity of the main structure ensures a highly durable and reliable product suitable for everyday life. In particular, personalization through additive manufacturing enables custom-fitted hearables based on each user’s unique ear canal features, supporting long-term wearability and reliable EEG acquisition. This review also addresses key challenges like motion artifacts and miniaturization, and current strategies to overcome them. Overall, this review highlights hearables as a key emerging technology, especially for EEG-based brain monitoring, offering a personalized, continuous, and noninvasive approach to future healthcare.

Changing legal environments create new opportunities for legal mobilization by civil society groups. At stake is mobilization in Germany and Europe for the prosecution of agents of the Syrian Assad regime accused of committing core international crimes. Changes in the legal environment include the (a) spread of universal jurisdiction; (b) increasing use of “crimes against humanity”; (c) new prosecutorial and policing units specialized in core international crimes; and (d) new prosecutorial practices, such as structural investigations. Coinciding with an influx of Syrian refugees, these opportunities give rise to a collaborative network of (I)NGOs that feed witnesses and evidence into prosecutorial agencies. Interaction between agencies and (I)NGOs contributes to the transnational ordering of criminal law and constitutes a Prosecutorial-NGO (P-NGO) Complex. (I)NGOs finally diffuse court narratives to a broad audience and shape public knowledge of grave violations of human rights. We focus on the P-NGO Complex for the al-Khatib universal jurisdiction trial before the Higher Regional Court in Koblenz, Germany. Empirical tools include an analysis of (I)NGO network structures and websites, interviews with court observers, activists, and prosecutorial staff, and an analysis of media reporting.

In 2013, President Xi Jinping announced the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at positioning China at the forefront of the global economy. Central to the BRI is the pursuit of energy security—a long-standing priority linked to diplomacy and essential for China’s continued growth. To meet its rising energy needs, China has launched numerous infrastructure development projects, with energy playing a key role within the broader BRI framework. Similarly, since the oil crisis of the 1970s, the European Union (EU) has prioritised energy security through investments in alternative energy sources and resource diversification. This article explores the shared interests of these two economic powers in securing and investing in alternative energy. It focuses on a central question: how might the BRI align with the EU’s Neighborhood Policy to strengthen energy independence across Eurasia and generate mutual benefit? This analysis examines both the challenges and the opportunities for collaboration and synergy.

This pioneering study examined the wound healing and regeneration abilities of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea at the Cnidarian Laboratory of the ICAR-Tuticorin Regional Station, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), India. A total of nine specimens (5.8 ± 0.4 cm) were studied, including six control medusae, one accidentally injured jellyfish (cut into four unequal fragments), and two amputated jellyfish (each divided into four equal fragments, totalling eight fragments). All specimens were maintained in a recirculatory aquarium system under optimal seawater conditions. Species identification of the control was confirmed through Basic Local Alingment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, showing 98.91% similarity with Cassiopea xamachana (Bigelow 1892), from the United States of America (USA) GenBank Accession No. ON545804.1, and validated through phylogenetic analysis. Microscopic and morphological observations revealed that the oral arm tissue lacked pulsing activity and could not regenerate its body structure. In contrast, fragments of umbrella tissue from both amputated and injured specimens exhibited pulsing and successfully regained symmetry within 7–15 days. The first phase of self-healing involved the reformation of umbrella symmetry, regeneration of bell tissue, and resumed functions similar to those of the normal medusa. The development of canal systems, including anastomosing vessels radiating from the centre, oral arms extending from the mouth, vesicles from the arms, and the central disc, was documented. The experimental observations revealed sequential wound healing through regeneration and morphogenesis in amputated and injured medusa. This study established Cassiopea as a promising cnidarian model organism for regeneration studies, highlighting its remarkable self-repairing and regenerative capabilities.

In this paper we introduce a framework for developing children’s legal capability. This is the outcome of an extended period of interdisciplinary research, reflection, and discussion to explore the question of ‘what does a legally capable child look like?’. Initially this question was explored within the context of adult-focused legal capability literature, and we explain how the framework we propose in this paper has been informed by this scholarship. However, we go on to demonstrate how our work breaks new ground not only because of its focus on children, but because we radically reconceptualise legal capability, drawing on a range of interdisciplinary theories. Within the framework we introduce the concept of ‘baseline’ legal capability, and we argue that this addresses the conundrum we identify in the literature, where legal capability is conceptualised as something which those most in need of effective public legal education can never achieve. More generally, we demonstrate how the framework turns traditional ideas about legal education upside down as we ‘decentre’ the law and legal institutions, and instead place the learner at its core.

Rotary flow focusing (RFF) is distinguished from conventional microfluidic platforms through its capacity to accommodate wide viscosity ranges in both continuous and dispersed phases during droplet formation. The dynamic mechanisms during droplet formation and the parametric dependencies within RFF systems are examined systematically. Four distinct flow modes, including squeezing, dripping, jetting and tip-streaming, are achieved by varying the rotational velocity and the dispersed-phase flow rate, and the corresponding transition boundaries are identified. In the squeezing and dripping modes, scaling laws are derived to predict droplet size based on interfacial dynamics during the breakup of the dispersed phase. In the jetting mode, functional relationships describing how jet diameter, droplet size and jet length depend on flow parameters are established through external flow field analysis. The tip-streaming mode facilitates the production of droplets at very small scale, with the effects of flow control parameters on droplet size quantitatively evaluated. Additionally, the effects of geometric parameters and fluid physical properties on RFF performance are investigated, enabling the successful production of high-viscosity fluid droplets ranging from micrometre to millimetre scales.

We consider radially symmetric solutions of the degenerate Keller–Segel system

\begin{align*}\begin{cases}\partial_t u=\nabla\cdot (u^{m-1}\nabla u - u\nabla v),\\0=\Delta v -\mu +u,\quad\mu =\frac{1}{|\Omega|}\int_\Omega u,\end{cases}\end{align*}

in balls $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n$, $n\ge 1$, where m > 1 is arbitrary. Our main result states that the initial evolution of the positivity set of u is essentially determined by the shape of the (nonnegative, radially symmetric, Hölder continuous) initial data u0 near the boundary of its support $\overline{B_{r_1}(0)}\subsetneq\Omega$: It shrinks for sufficiently flat and expands for sufficiently steep u0. More precisely, there exists an explicit constant $A_{\mathrm{crit}} \in (0, \infty)$ (depending only on $m, n, R, r_1$ and $\int_\Omega u_0$) such that if $u_0(x)\le A(r_1-|x|)^\frac{1}{m-1}$ for all $|x|\in(r_0, r_1)$ and some $r_0\in(0,r_1)$ and $A \lt A_{\mathrm{crit}}$ then there are T > 0 and ζ > 0 such that $\sup\{\, |x| \mid x \in \operatorname{supp} u(\cdot, t)\,\}\le r_1 -\zeta t$ for all $t\in(0, T)$, while if $u_0(x)\ge A(r_1-|x|)^\frac{1}{m-1}$ for all $|x|\in(r_0, r_1)$ and some $r_0 \in (0, r_1)$ and $A \gt A_{\mathrm{crit}}$ then we can find T > 0 and ζ > 0 such that $\sup\{\, |x| \mid x \in \operatorname{supp} u(\cdot, t)\,\}\ge r_1 +\zeta t$ for all $t\in(0, T)$.