There has been substantial interest in estimating the value of a graph parameter, i.e. of a real-valued function defined on the set of finite graphs, by querying a randomly sampled substructure whose size is independent of the size of the input. Graph parameters that may be successfully estimated in this way are said to be testable or estimable, and the sample complexity qz = qz(ε) of an estimable parameter z is the size of a random sample of a graph G required to ensure that the value of z(G) may be estimated within an error of ε with probability at least 2/3. In this paper, for any fixed monotone graph property $\mathcal{P}= \text{Forb}\!(\mathcal{F}),$ we study the sample complexity of estimating a bounded graph parameter z that, for an input graph G, counts the number of spanning subgraphs of G that satisfy$\mathcal{P}$. To improve upon previous upper bounds on the sample complexity, we show that the vertex set of any graph that satisfies a monotone property $\mathcal{P}$ may be partitioned equitably into a constant number of classes in such a way that the cluster graph induced by the partition is not far from satisfying a natural weighted graph generalization of $\mathcal{P}$. Properties for which this holds are said to be recoverable, and the study of recoverable properties may be of independent interest.

The degenerate Cahn–Hilliard equation is a standard model to describe living tissues. It takes into account cell populations undergoing short-range attraction and long-range repulsion effects. In this framework, we consider the usual Cahn–Hilliard equation with a singular single-well potential and degenerate mobility. These degeneracy and singularity induce numerous difficulties, in particular for its numerical simulation. To overcome these issues, we propose a relaxation system formed of two second-order equations which can be solved with standard packages. This system is endowed with an energy and an entropy structure compatible with the limiting equation. Here, we study the theoretical properties of this system: global existence and convergence of the relaxed system to the degenerate Cahn–Hilliard equation. We also study the long-time asymptotics which interest relies on the numerous possible steady states with given mass.

We prove a comparison isomorphism between certain moduli spaces of $p$-divisible groups and strict ${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$-modules (RZ-spaces). Both moduli problems are of PEL-type (polarization, endomorphism, level structure) and the difficulty lies in relating polarized $p$-divisible groups and polarized strict ${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$-modules. We use the theory of relative displays and frames, as developed by Ahsendorf, Lau and Zink, to translate this into a problem in linear algebra. As an application of these results, we verify new cases of the arithmetic fundamental lemma (AFL) of Wei Zhang: The comparison isomorphism yields an explicit description of certain cycles that play a role in the AFL. This allows, under certain conditions, to reduce the AFL identity in question to an AFL identity in lower dimension.

Within the framework of the generalised Landau-de Gennes theory, we identify a Q-tensor-based energy that reduces to the four-constant Oseen–Frank energy when it is considered over orientable uniaxial nematic states. Although the commonly considered version of the Landau-de Gennes theory has an elastic contribution that is at most cubic in components of the Q-tensor and their derivatives, the alternative offered here is quartic in these variables. One clear advantage of our approach over the cubic theory is that the associated minimisation problem is well-posed for a significantly wider choice of elastic constants. In particular, this quartic energy can be used to model nematic-to-isotropic phase transitions for highly disparate elastic constants. In addition to proving well-posedness of the proposed version of the Landau-de Gennes theory, we establish a rigorous connection between this theory and its Oseen–Frank counterpart via a Г-convergence argument in the limit of vanishing nematic correlation length. We also prove strong convergence of the associated minimisers.

In this paper, we consider the monotone travelling wave solutions of a reaction–diffusion epidemic system with nonlocal delays. We obtain the existence of monotone travelling wave solutions by applying abstract existence results. By transforming the nonlocal delayed system to a non-delayed system and choosing suitable small positive constants to define a pair of new upper and lower solutions, we use the contraction technique to prove the asymptotic stability (up to translation) of monotone travelling waves. Furthermore, the uniqueness and Lyapunov stability of monotone travelling wave solutions will be established with the help of the upper and lower solution method and the exponential asymptotic stability.

The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the Steenrod construction of homology theories for the disassembly process in surgery on a generalized n-manifold Xn, in order to produce an element of generalized homology theory, which is basic for calculations. In particular, we show how to construct an element of the nth Steenrod homology group $H^{st}_{n} (X^{n}, \mathbb {L}^+)$, where 𝕃+ is the connected covering spectrum of the periodic surgery spectrum 𝕃, avoiding the use of the geometric splitting procedure, the use of which is standard in surgery on topological manifolds.

We consider the Klein–Gordon equation on asymptotically anti-de-Sitter spacetimes subject to Neumann or Robin (or Dirichlet) boundary conditions and prove propagation of singularities along generalized broken bicharacteristics. The result is formulated in terms of conormal regularity relative to a twisted Sobolev space. We use this to show the uniqueness, modulo regularizing terms, of parametrices with prescribed $\text{b}$-wavefront set. Furthermore, in the context of quantum fields, we show a similar result for two-point functions satisfying a holographic Hadamard condition on the $\text{b}$-wavefront set.

The purpose of this note is to establish isomorphisms up to bounded torsion between relative $K_{0}$-groups and Chow groups with modulus as defined by Binda and Saito.

A bilinear map $\varPhi :\mathbb {R}^r\times \mathbb {R}^s\to \mathbb {R}^n$ is nonsingular if $\varPhi (\overrightarrow {a},\overrightarrow {b})=\overrightarrow {0}$ implies $\overrightarrow {a}=\overrightarrow {0}$ or $\overrightarrow {b}=\overrightarrow {0}$. These maps are of interest to topologists, and are instrumental for the study of vector bundles over real projective spaces. The main purpose of this paper is to produce examples of such maps in the range $24\leqslant r\leqslant 32,\ 24\leqslant s\leqslant 32,$ using the arithmetic of octonions (otherwise known as Cayley numbers) as an effective tool. While previous constructions in lower dimensional cases use ad hoc techniques, our construction follows a systematic procedure and subsumes those techniques into a uniform perspective.

The Hopf bifurcation from spike solutions for the classical Gierer–Meinhardt system in a onedimensional interval is considered. The existence of time-periodic solution near the Hopf bifurcation parameter for a boundary spike is rigorously proved by the classical Crandall–Rabinowitz theory. The criteria for the stability of the limit cycle are determined, and it is shown that the limit cycle is unstable.

The aim of the paper is to introduce and investigate a dynamical system which consists of a variational–hemivariational inequality of hyperbolic type combined with a non-linear evolution equation. Such a dynamical system arises in studies of complicated contact problems in mechanics. Existence, uniqueness and regularity of a global solution to the system are established. The approach is based on a new semi-discrete approximation with an application of a surjectivity result for a pseudomonotone perturbation of a maximal monotone operator. A new dynamic viscoelastic frictional contact model with adhesion is studied as an application, in which the contact boundary condition is described by a generalised normal damped response condition with unilateral constraint and a multivalued frictional contact law.

Incidence coalgebras of categories in the sense of Joni and Rota are studied, specifically cases where a monoidal product on the category turns these into (weak) bialgebras. The overlap with the theory of combinatorial Hopf algebras and that of Hopf quivers is discussed, and examples including trees, skew shapes, Milner’s bigraphs and crossed modules are considered.