Demographic changes in rates of living alone, migration, and having no living partner, spouse, or children are leaving more older adults without the typical uncompensated familial and non-familial care partners that are the backbone of long-term care provision. We aimed to understand the precarities and outcomes specifically experienced by older adults without care partners to inform future intervention development. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and PRISMA-ScR protocol, we conducted a scoping review of nine databases to map the current peer-reviewed evidence regarding these indivdiduals’ precarities, outcomes, and interventions using the Health Equity Promotion Model (HEPM) as our guiding framework. Our comprehensive search strategy resulted in 5,100 unique articles, 33 of which met our inclusion criteria. Three independent reviewers screened and extracted data, and the first author used deductive content analysis with the pre-specified HEPM framework. Fifteen studies reported precarities related to environmental/structural forces, and psychological, social, behavioral, and biological processes. Twenty-four studies reported adverse health and well-being outcomes with more focus on health than well-being outcomes (19 versus 8). Four studies tested interventions, and reported environmental/structural, social, and behavioral processes and health and well-being outcomes. Only 13 of the 33 reviewed studies set out to explicitly study older adults without care partners, and no studies focused on marginalized sub-groups. This scoping review highlights our lack of understanding of older adults without care partners’ distinctive precarities and outcomes, and the vital research needed to develop and test interventions that effectively address their unique needs.

Divorce is increasingly common and can have a significant impact on later-life work and retirement. However, the lived experience of choice and control around divorce and its financial ramifications is not adequately understood. This article demonstrates how women and men differentially experience divorce as a long-run lifecourse factor, which can impact an individual’s scope for choice and control about working in later life, and how and when to retire. From a dataset of 47 in-depth interviews of workers aged over 50 in the United Kingdom from the international Dynamics of Accumulated Inequalities for Seniors in Employment project, findings show that the extent of choice and control at the time of divorce was constrained by individual and gendered lifecourse factors, by gendered, asymmetrical access to salient financial information and by emotional responses to relationship breakdown. Drawing on cumulative (dis)advantage over the lifecourse as a theoretical lens, this article demonstrates the ways in which short-term choices reinforce existing gendered and socio-economic (dis)advantage while instigating new pathways for (dis)advantage that have long-term implications for work and retirement.

Childlessness in late male adulthood is increasingly prevalent in rural China, indicating a need to understand the factors contributing to it. This group is often overlooked in gerontological and childlessness research. While existing studies have explored individual-level predictors of childlessness over the lifecourse and implications of broader societal conditions at the population level, little is known about how lifecourse and structural factors interact to shape pathways to childlessness. This study aims to investigate structural factors contributing to childlessness among older men in a rural area of northern China. It focuses on the life stories of 13 childless older men and the effects of history, timing and life-domain interdependencies, finding that some participants experienced intense disruptive life events or critical turning points – early-life care-giving responsibilities, disability or withdrawal from school – that altered their life trajectories. These events often intersected with structural factors, including unstable and low-paid employment, lack of social protection and prevailing social norms, which reinforced one another and jointly constrained prospects for marriage and parenthood. These trajectories unfolded within shifting policy contexts; institutional arrangements across different historical periods shaped and often produced disadvantages in the marriage market. This study advances theoretical understanding of the structural factors contributing to male childlessness by recognizing life trajectories, structural shifts and social relations as linked factors shaping cumulative disadvantage in union formation and childbearing. Its policy implications surround supporting individuals who intend to form families during critical life transitions and addressing the broader structural barriers that shape male childlessness in rural areas.

This study addresses a critical gap in research on public services digitalization, specifically, how technology’s role and its relationship with ageing are framed within policy discourse. While digitalization holds the promise of enhanced accessibility, streamlined bureaucracy and greater transparency, it also has the potential to exacerbate social exclusion in ageing societies. Macro-level factors such as policy frameworks and societal values play a key role in either mitigating or intensifying these risks; they shape the way critical issues are defined and which responses are deemed conceivable. The study aims to critically examine how digitalization and ageing are framed in European and Italian policy documents, and assess the implications of these narratives for older adults. Methodologically, it analyses a corpus of 29 European and Italian policy documents on public service digitalization (2010–2023). Keywords extraction identified ten documents for critical discourse analysis, which revealed a dominant narrative of technological optimism where digitalization is presented as a universal solution, with limited acknowledgment of its potential downsides. At the European level, some documents recognize the rights of older adults, though such recognition remains sparse. Italian policies, in contrast, tend to prioritize technical and economic aspects, with little or no attention to digital exclusion or inequality. This study sheds light on how policy discourse can obscure structural inequalities and calls for more inclusive, reflective approaches to digitalization in ageing societies. It argues that policy discourse should be leveraged not only to promote innovation but also to foster social change and reduce exclusion among older adults.

While ageing in place emphasises autonomy and the preference of older adults to remain in familiar environments, and ageing and place shifts attention to their movement across multiple locations, both frameworks have paid insufficient attention to the role of social networks in shaping the spatial practices of ageing. In this article, we propose ageing in networks as a complementary approach that foregrounds relationality. Rather than supplanting place-based models, ageing in networks highlights how older adults navigate spaces—both near and far—through their social ties, and how these ties mediate access to emotional and practical support. Drawing on original survey data from 1,199 residents aged 60–92 in two Singaporean public housing areas (Hougang and Taman Jurong), we examine how older adults mobilise both strong and weak ties—including friends, co-workers, and digitally mediated contacts—across everyday sites such as hawker centres, markets, malls, and churches. These connections often span neighbourhoods, suggesting that older adults are not merely attached to their residential areas but are actively sustaining dispersed, networked geographies of care and companionship. Crucially, we find that expansive social ties can buffer the challenges of living alone. We argue that social isolation, more than spatial isolation, poses the greater risk to older adults’ well-being.

Voluntary assisted dying (VAD) is an end-of-life care option available to eligible Australians living with a terminal condition, though people living with dementia are typically ineligible to choose VAD as part of their end-of-life care. In order to develop equitable research-informed policy and practice, it is crucial to include the perspectives of all key stakeholders, including living experience experts whose voices are currently excluded from Australian VAD research. This study aims to capture the perspectives of people living with dementia by exploring their VAD-related needs and preferences. The study is grounded in a critical and phenomenological conceptual framework that prioritizes inclusive research design. Thirty-six people living with dementia in Australia self-selected to participate in an online survey. It found that the vast majority of participants wanted the option to access VAD themselves, and most wanted provisions for accessing VAD through advance care directives. Through open text responses, the participants expressed many concerns about potential end-of-life suffering and loss of dignity, with their VAD preferences often aligned with their wish to maintain autonomy and human rights. This is the first known Australian study to explore VAD from the perspective of people living with dementia, providing critical insights into their experiences as stakeholders in a highly contested policy and practice environment that is dominated by medico-legal voices. Centring on people living with dementia challenges misconceptions about their capacity to contribute to VAD research, demonstrating their importance as living experience experts and key stakeholders with clear needs and preferences for their end-of-life care.

Ageing is often framed through the lens of independence, with a strong emphasis on not burdening younger family members. Little attention, however, has been given to how this framing reflects and reinforces age inequality by devaluing older adults relative to younger ones. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 43 Italians aged 65 and older, conducted in 2018/2019 and 2022, we identify an orientation we term ‘altruistic ageing’ – a perspective that centres younger people’s needs by expecting older adults to adopt a selfless concern for others’ wellbeing. This orientation emerged in participants’ definitions of burden, which centred on receiving long-term or intensive assistance or co-residing with younger family members. These definitions reflected a privileging of younger adults’ time, personal freedom, social relationships and commitment to paid work. Altruistic ageing had consequences: It encouraged healthy behaviours but also narrowed acceptable long-term care options and constrained definitions of a ‘good death’. By unpacking the framing of older adults as burdens, our study reveals how age inequality operates through a culturally sanctioned ideal that morally justifies prioritizing the young over the old.

Assisting older people with body care is a vital aspect of long-term care, but is often considered mundane work and unarticulated in official discourses. Exploring body care practices can offer insights into unintended effects of prevailing discourses on the lives of older people. Drawing on poststructuralist understandings of subjectification in terms of dynamic processes depending on relational negotiations, this study explores how older people dependent on body care assistance negotiate the subject positions offered within the discourses. It draws on ethnographic fieldwork (December 2020–March 2021) including participant observations of 33 body care situations in home care and two residential care homes in Denmark. It analyses three cases, revealing how assisted body care in the context of home is profoundly influenced by dominant discourses of risk, positive ageing and homeliness, subjectifying older people as being at-risk or not-at-risk. At-risk are those not active or engaged in preventing biomedical risks related to old age, non-agentic and with limited possibilities in everyday life, while an acceptance of discourses of positive ageing and homeliness subjectify older people as not-at-risk, agentic and autonomous. A strong focus on positive ageing and homeliness in body care practices paradoxically holds the potential to de-legitimize ageing processes as well as subjective experiences of declining bodies and older people’s desire for a home that is not primarily a site of medical activity. The article highlights the need to critically discuss care practices that, despite being rooted in ideals of autonomy and the home as inviolable, often undermine these ideals in paradoxical ways.

The body acquires knowledge through interactions with the world. This knowledge resides in the body and shapes our physical, social and emotional experiences. Older adults possess extensive embodied knowledge, but its expression can be suppressed by environmental and social change, such as relocating to a residential care home (RCH). Dancing is more than movement; it is an embodied activity that involves complex interactions among the body, space, time and other people. Dance has been shown to benefit older adults, yet existing research often focuses on physical and cognitive outcomes, with limited attention to dance as an embodied lived experience, especially in an RCH context. This study explores six older adults’ lived experiences of dancing. Its interpretative phenomenological analysis reveals that participants possessed a vast reserve of embodied knowledge which emerged when they participated in synchronised seated dance. Two superordinate themes – embodied musicality and rekindled connections to the lifeworld – detail how older adults expressed embodied knowledge during dance, becoming connected with their body, space, time and others, nurturing a sense of self. Dancing also helped participants navigate the changes in their body and environment, enriching their living experience in an RCH. The findings contribute to the broader field of dance research, demonstrating how seated dance facilitates accessing and expressing embodied knowledge later in life, and to the limited research on dance in RCHs, positioning dance as a meaningful mode of self-expression and continuity for older adults, supporting their transition to these settings with rich emotional experiences.

Digitalisation has given rise to concerns about the future effectiveness of older adult grassroots organisations in enabling group-based participation in later life. Despite this, these organisations and their potential role in securing a just digital transition has featured in neither research debates nor policy and innovation agendas. It is essential that this absence is addressed to ensure future citizenship rights across civic, social and political spheres within digitalising ageing societies. The aim of this article is to explore the impact of digital transformations on the capacity of older adult grassroots organisations to support group-based multifaceted engagement in later life. Focusing on an Irish national voluntary membership-based organisation, and its network of local groups, this analysis draws on data from a multi-level mixed-methods study design. Data collection involved: European expert interviews (n = 4); social media analysis (X); organisational-level interviews (n = 11); an older adult member survey (n = 464); follow-up lifecourse interviews (n = 40); and a Translational Forum involving participants from all research strands to validate findings and agree key messages (n = 13). The analysis demonstrates the transitional nature of digital communication for these groups, and the need to and difficulties in addressing the diverse preferences and digital literacies of grassroots membership. The analysis also shows that the most significant challenges are systemic and structural in nature. An assets-based, capability-orientated approach that is supported by state-level leadership and resourcing is required to equip ageing societies for an equitable digital transition.

Social determinants of health (SDH) impact older adults’ ability to age in place, including their access to primary and community care services. Yet, older service users are infrequently consulted on the design and delivery of health services; when they are consulted, there is scant recruitment of those who are Indigenous, racialized and/or rural. This study aimed to identify SDH for socially and culturally diverse community-dwelling older adults and to understand their views on how primary and community care restructuring might address these SDH. We recruited a diverse group of 83 older adults (mean = 75 years) in Western Canada and compared quantitative and qualitive data. The majority resided rurally, identified as women, lived with complex chronic disease (CCD), had low income and/or lived alone; nearly a quarter were Indigenous or Sikh. Indigenous status correlated with income; gender correlated with income and living situation. Thematic analysis determined that income, living situation, living rurally, Indigenous ancestry, ethno-racial minority status, gender and transportation were the main SDH for our sample. Income was the most predominant SDH and intersected with more SDH than others. Indigenous ancestry and ethno-racial minority status – as SDH – manifested differently, underscoring the importance of disaggregating data and/or considering the uniqueness of ‘BIPOC’ groups. Our study suggests that SDH models should better reflect ageing and living rurally, that policy/decision makers should prioritize low-income and ethno-racial minority populations and that service providers should work with service users to ensure that primary and community care (restructuring) addresses their priorities and mitigates SDH.

The global population is ageing rapidly, emphasising the need to understand the decision-making processes of older adults regarding potential care transitions. Gerontological research has focused on healthcare decisions, with less information on living situation choices of older adults. This review explored older adults’ experiences with their involvement in decision-making processes related to transitioning into care facilities in the United Kingdom. From a systematic search of articles, nine were reviewed using thematic narrative synthesis. Four themes with nine subthemes were identified: Involvement in decision-making (Exclusion of older adults, Usefulness of involvement), The necessity of moving (Triggers for moves, The role of family), Timely planning (Helpfulness of planning, Planning avoidance), and Factors for choosing a care home (Non-quality factors, Quality factors, Continuity of life). These themes highlighted the issue of inadequate involvement of older adults in decision-making, often resulting in negative consequences like regret and difficulty settling into new care settings. The necessity of moving arose from sudden events or increased support needs. Some older adults acknowledged the necessity due to declining health or to spare family burden, while relatives grappled emotionally, postponing the choice. Timely planning was found to be beneficial practically and emotionally, facilitating smoother transitions. However, participants would rarely plan and discuss such matters early. Older adults focused on personal experiences and trusted sources rather than publicly available information when considering Factors for choosing a care home. The findings show the need for greater inclusion of older adults in decisions related to their care and the importance of early planning and providing preferred types and formats of information to aid decisions. Future research should focus on a better understanding of older adults’ preferences for successful involvement in care decisions, with support and guidance for others involved in the decisions.

The ability to manage money is essential for independent functioning but highly sensitive to cognitive decline. Managing money involves more than deploying skills rationally; it is influenced by a range of emotional and psychosocial factors. There is relatively little knowledge about how older adults, families and care professionals working with older people navigate and experience potential challenges of declining mental capacity to manage money. This article draws on a UK-based study involving 13 older people and/or family members and 28 social sector professionals, and their experiences of supporting older people with cognitive decline to manage money, triangulated with public information resources from major national organisations across the health, care, consumer and charity sectors. It focuses on the emotive and personal nature of cognitive decline and money management. Declining mental capacity to manage money can strike at the core of people’s sense of who they are, leading to strong tensions and difficulties in discussing support. Support to manage money is often framed in discussions as ‘there if we need it’; this can be reassuring for people, but may be challenged if there are subsequent disagreements and changes in perspectives about the detail and timing of support. These nuances are not well reflected in public information resources, which largely emphasise administrative procedure. Financial organisations may lack empathy that declining mental capacity to manage money is extremely challenging. The article highlights a greater need for recognition of the emotional and psychosocial complexities presented by declining mental capacity to manage money in later life.

There is little visibility for the voices of indigenous and Afro-descendant women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), meaning that few studies offer information on mental health for this group. This study takes the Living Well (Buen Vivir) approach as a basis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated individual physical and social/cultural dimensions. Based on a national study involving the participation of a majority of Chilean peoples, 774 women identifying as indigenous (569 Andean indigenous and 146 other indigenous people) and Afro-descendant (59) were interviewed. The findings show that Andean and Afro-descendant women are more at risk of suffering depressive symptoms and that in general terms mental health should be understood from a holistic perspective, in addition to its being underpinned by several associations. Lower levels of depression were associated with older age, having a partner, independence in activities of daily living, social support from partner and being resilient. In contrast, higher levels of depression were associated with health problems, poor-quality relationship with grandchildren and loneliness. Out of the dimensions examined, resilience had a key influence on mental health among women. The findings are discussed in the context of a comprehensive view of wellbeing among ethnic minorities.

Recent years have seen increasing interest in social robots, including pet robots, and their use in the care of people with dementia. Most research has focused on formal care-givers’ perspectives. There is a lack of qualitative research on the use of social robots in embedded practice and how people with dementia react to and interact with social robots. This study explores the use of pet robots in everyday life in a nursing home for people with dementia and how playfulness and disruptions characterized many interactions among the people with dementia, the pet robots and the researcher. It draws on five months of ethnographic fieldwork in a Danish nursing home for people with dementia including 11 residents, 13 staff members and 3 family members. We found that pet robots opened people up for playful interactions, allowing people with dementia to express themselves and have fun in a way that flattened hierarchies and enabled these individuals to be active instigators of joyful interactions. In the article, we argue that agency is distributed and that residents, robots, researchers and other actors both instigate and disrupt playful interactions. Playful interactions in the nursing home can be fun and rebellious in an everyday life that is otherwise focused on fitting in and keeping calm. Therefore, playfulness and fun can be viewed as a way of coping with institutional life. Further, playful interactions with pet robots can provide opportunities for residents to be active instigators rather than merely passive recipients of care and activities.

Increasingly, older adults are redefining retirement by combining part-time employment with pension benefits, that is, becoming ‘working retirees’. This trend highlights socio-economic inequalities: some working retirees use part-time employment as a bridge to full retirement, while others must remain employed to prevent old-age poverty. However, little is known about how these work-retirement transitions unfold over time or the socio-economic factors that shape them. This knowledge gap is problematic because understanding the socio-demographic influences on these trajectories is essential for addressing inequalities in later-life employment and retirement security. This study examines transitions from work to retirement by following individuals from their 50s into their 70s and analysing the socio-demographic factors that differentiate these trajectories. It identifies the various pathways that older workers take when exiting the labour force and analyses how prior life course factors – including education, occupational status, career field, civil status, number of children and disposable income – predict the likelihood of following each work–retirement trajectory. The results reveal two distinct work–retirement trajectories: one reflects status maintenance, with higher income and education, white-collar and often men; the other reflects financial necessity, with lower income, children at home, no partner and often women. More advantaged working retirees experience greater employment changes in late life, highlighting the diversity of late-life careers. These findings suggest a broader range of extended work–life pathways than previously recognized and emphasize the need for policies that account for gendered and economic disparities in work and family responsibilities to ensure equitable and sustainable retirement transitions.

Despite the recognized importance of older adults ageing in their own homes, the role of public financing in mitigating unmet and under-met home care needs remains under-explored. This study addresses this gap by examining the impact of public financing on home care adequacy among English adults aged over 50, utilizing data from waves 6–9 (2013–2019) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Longitudinal fixed effects and pooled cross-sectional modelling are used to explore the impact of public financing of home care on the unmet and under-met needs of older people. Findings show that individuals with greater limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), as well as those experiencing cognitive decline, are more likely to receive home care. Importantly, while receipt of publicly financed care is associated with a reduction in unmet needs, it does not necessarily translate to fully met needs, resulting in under-met need and highlighting a crucial distinction between access to and adequacy of care. Comparatively, transitioning from use of publicly financed home care to exclusively informal care is linked with lower odds of reporting under-met needs, suggesting variance in the quality of care provided across funding types. This study not only enriches the existing literature by describing the specific impact of different home care financing mechanisms (publicly financed care versus other types of care) on the unmet and under-met needs of older adults but also underscores the need for policies that ensure care adequacy, not just accessibility.

Ageing-in-place for persons with dementia and informal care-givers is encouraged by governments and society. However, individuals with non-Western migration backgrounds are at higher risk of dementia yet underrepresented in research and care. This study aims to identify ageing-in-place care preferences of persons with dementia and their informal care-givers in the Netherlands. Semi-structured interviews (n = 8 participants with dementia, n = 20 informal care-givers) were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings reveal that informal care-givers feel a strong duty to care, assisting with various daily tasks. While they desire shared care with professionals, identifying concrete care needs is challenging, highlighting the need for proactive professional support. Participants also emphasized the importance of culturally sensitive in-home care, home adaptations, social care and accessible dementia information. Additionally, the emotional impact of dementia on care recipients and care-givers underscores the need for emotional support. These insights enhance understanding of the care preferences of persons with dementia and their informal care-givers, aiding more efficient and culturally responsive health service planning.

The present study relied on internet memes as a tool to possibly fight ageism and shape public views in a positive manner. Data collection took place between May and June 2024, recruiting 160 Israeli Arabs, aged 13 to 16, from 3 different schools. In total, 105 memes addressed ageism towards older people. Visual and written contents were described, followed by more interpretative analysis. The memes were classified into two main themes. The first concerned negative ageist stereotypes of older persons (n = 66). The second theme concerned attempts to combat ageism (n = 39). Even though students received explicit instructions to fight ageism via their meme production, most students produced memes which depicted older age and ageing in a negative stereotypical light. The study highlights the relatively high levels of ageism in this group of participants and points to areas needing further attention in future interventions to alleviate ageism. The present findings are important as they question the current thinking of the Arab population as characterized by familistic values of high levels of respect towards older persons.

The ageing population is anticipated to encounter several challenges related to sustainability. While policies such as ageing in place can benefit older adults in terms of familiarity and independence, these policies can also lead to increased social isolation. To facilitate ageing in the right place, it is crucial to understand how the design of environments promotes social sustainability. This article presents a scoping review of empirical research focused on the characteristics of housing and surrounding environments that support social integration, cohesion and participation of older adults. The search strategy was conducted in five databases, resulting in 20,477 articles. After screening 7,550 titles and abstracts based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected. The findings of these articles are presented across three themes: (1) housing environments, (2) environments beyond the home and (3) the social environment. Although there is no one-size-fits-all housing model for older adults, the authors suggest that ageing in place policies should be reconceptualized as ageing in ‘places’ and ‘spaces’, emphasizing the diversity of social needs of older adults. Understanding the environmental characteristics, the role of accessible and safe environments beyond the home, and how people and culture support a sense of belonging provides a policy direction for how to design socially sustainable environments for older adults in the future.