We use the theory of Kolyvagin systems to prove (most of) a refined class number formula conjectured by Darmon. We show that, for every odd prime p, each side of Darmon’s conjectured formula (indexed by positive integers n) is ‘almost’ a p-adic Kolyvagin system as n varies. Using the fact that the space of Kolyvagin systems is free of rank one over ℤp, we show that Darmon’s formula for arbitrary n follows from the case n=1, which in turn follows from classical formulas.

Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let 𝔤 be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(𝔤), be the field of k-rational functions on G, respectively, 𝔤. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on 𝔤. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)G and k(𝔤)/k(𝔤)G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)G and k(𝔤)/k(𝔤)G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type An or Cn, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.

We study the cones of pseudoeffective and nef cycles of higher codimension on the self product of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication, and on the product of a very general abelian surface with itself. In both cases, we find for instance the existence of nef classes that are not pseudoeffective, answering in the negative a question raised by Grothendieck in correspondence with Mumford. We also discuss several problems and questions for further investigation.

We consider a mirror symmetry between invertible weighted homogeneous polynomials in three variables. We define Dolgachev and Gabrielov numbers for them and show that we get a duality between these polynomials generalizing Arnold’s strange duality between the 14 exceptional unimodal singularities.

We prove the p-parity conjecture for elliptic curves over global fields of characteristic p>3. We also present partial results on the ℓ-parity conjecture for primes ℓ≠p.

We complete our proof that given an overconvergent F-isocrystal on a variety over a field of positive characteristic, one can pull back along a suitable generically finite cover to obtain an isocrystal which extends, with logarithmic singularities and nilpotent residues, to some complete variety. We also establish an analogue for F-isocrystals overconvergent inside a partial compactification. By previous results, this reduces to solving a local problem in a neighborhood of a valuation of height 1 and residual transcendence degree zero. We do this by studying the variation of some numerical invariants attached to p-adic differential modules, analogous to the irregularity of a complex meromorphic connection. This allows for an induction on the transcendence defect of the valuation, i.e., the discrepancy between the dimension of the variety and the rational rank of the valuation.

We study the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem over finite extension fields. We show that for any sequences of prime powers (qi)i∈ℕ and natural numbers (ni)i∈ℕ with ni⟶∞ and ni/log (qi)⟶0 for i⟶∞, the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem restricted to curves over the fields 𝔽qnii can be solved in subexponential expected time (qnii)o(1). We also show that there exists a sequence of prime powers (qi)i∈ℕ such that the problem restricted to curves over 𝔽qi can be solved in an expected time of e𝒪(log (qi)2/3).

The main goal of this paper is to deduce (from a recent resolution of singularities result of Gabber) the following fact: (effective) Chow motives with ℤ[1/p]-coefficients over a perfect field k of characteristic p generate the category DMeffgm[1/p] (of effective geometric Voevodsky’s motives with ℤ[1/p]-coefficients). It follows that DMeffgm[1/p] can be endowed with a Chow weight structure wChow whose heart is Choweff[1/p] (weight structures were introduced in a preceding paper, where the existence of wChow for DMeffgmℚ was also proved). As shown in previous papers, this statement immediately yields the existence of a conservative weight complex functor DMeffgm[1/p]→Kb (Choweff [1/p]) (which induces an isomorphism on K0-groups), as well as the existence of canonical and functorial (Chow)-weight spectral sequences and weight filtrations for any cohomology theory on DMeffgm[1/p] . We also mention a certain Chow t-structure for DMeff−[1/p] and relate it with unramified cohomology.

Let X be an algebraic variety and let f:X−−→X be a rational self-map with a fixed point q, where everything is defined over a number field K. We make some general remarks concerning the possibility of using the behaviour of f near q to produce many rational points on X. As an application, we give a simplified proof of the potential density of rational points on the variety of lines of a cubic fourfold, originally proved by Claire Voisin and the first author in 2007.

We generalise works of Kobayashi to give a formulation of the Iwasawa main conjecture for modular forms at supersingular primes. In particular, we give analogous definitions of the plus and minus Coleman maps for normalised new forms of arbitrary weights and relate Pollack’s p-adic L-functions to the plus and minus Selmer groups. In addition, by generalising works of Pollack and Rubin on CM elliptic curves, we prove the ‘main conjecture’ for CM modular forms.

We set up a formalism of endoscopy for metaplectic groups. By defining a suitable transfer factor, we prove an analogue of the Langlands–Shelstad transfer conjecture for orbital integrals over any local field of characteristic zero, as well as the fundamental lemma for units of the Hecke algebra in the unramified case. This generalizes prior work of Adams and Renard in the real case and serves as a first step in studying the Arthur–Selberg trace formula for metaplectic groups.

For any irreducible quadratic polynomial f(x) in ℤ[x], we obtain the estimate log l.c.m.(f(1),…,f(n))=nlog n+Bn+o(n), where B is a constant depending on f.

Green’s conjecture predicts than one can read off special linear series on an algebraic curve, by looking at the syzygies of its canonical embedding. We extend Voisin’s results on syzygies of K3 sections, to the case of K3 surfaces with arbitrary Picard lattice. This, coupled with results of Voisin and Hirschowitz–Ramanan, provides a complete solution to Green’s conjecture for smooth curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces.

We prove that the moduli spaces of n-pointed m-stable curves introduced in our previous paper have projective coarse moduli. We use the resulting spaces to run an analogue of Hassett’s log minimal model program for .

We prove a version of Kontsevich’s formality theorem for two subspaces (branes) of a vector space X. The result implies, in particular, that the Kontsevich deformation quantizations of S(X*) and ∧(X) associated with a quadratic Poisson structure are Koszul dual. This answers an open question in Shoikhet’s recent paper on Koszul duality in deformation quantization.

Bondarko defines and studies the notion of weight structure and he shows that there exists a weight structure over the category of Voevodsky motives with rational coefficients (over a field of characteristic 0). In this paper we extend this weight structure to the category of Beilinson motives (for any scheme of finite type over a base scheme which is excellent of dimension at most two) introduced and studied by Cisinsky and Déglise. We also check the weight exactness of the Grothendieck operations.

Gaudin subalgebras are abelian Lie subalgebras of maximal dimension spanned by generators of the Kohno–Drinfeld Lie algebra . We show that Gaudin subalgebras form a variety isomorphic to the moduli space of stable curves of genus zero with n+1 marked points. In particular, this gives an embedding of in a Grassmannian of (n−1)-planes in an n(n−1)/2-dimensional space. We show that the sheaf of Gaudin subalgebras over is isomorphic to a sheaf of twisted first-order differential operators. For each representation of the Kohno–Drinfeld Lie algebra with fixed central character, we obtain a sheaf of commutative algebras whose spectrum is a coisotropic subscheme of a twisted version of the logarithmic cotangent bundle of .

We study quivers with potential (QPs) whose Jacobian algebras are finite-dimensional selfinjective. They are an analogue of the ‘good QPs’ studied by Bocklandt whose Jacobian algebras are 3-Calabi–Yau. We show that 2-representation-finite algebras are truncated Jacobian algebras of selfinjective QPs, which are factor algebras of Jacobian algebras by certain sets of arrows called cuts. We show that selfinjectivity of QPs is preserved under iterated mutation with respect to orbits of the Nakayama permutation. We give a sufficient condition for all truncated Jacobian algebras of a fixed QP to be derived equivalent. We introduce planar QPs which provide us with a rich source of selfinjective QPs.

In a recent paper, Iyama and Yoshino considered two interesting examples of isolated singularities over which it is possible to classify the indecomposable maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules in terms of linear algebra data. In this paper, we present two new approaches to these examples. In the first approach we give a relation with cluster categories. In the second approach we use Orlov’s result on the graded singularity category.

Let X be an algebraic variety over a base scheme S and ϕ:T→S a base change. Given an admissible subcategory 𝒜 in 𝒟b(X), the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on X, we construct under some technical conditions an admissible subcategory 𝒜T in 𝒟b(X×ST), called the base change of 𝒜, in such a way that the following base change theorem holds: if a semiorthogonal decomposition of 𝒟b (X) is given, then the base changes of its components form a semiorthogonal decomposition of 𝒟b (X×ST) . As an intermediate step, we construct a compatible system of semiorthogonal decompositions of the unbounded derived category of quasicoherent sheaves on X and of the category of perfect complexes on X. As an application, we prove that the projection functors of a semiorthogonal decomposition are kernel functors.