Organismal metabolic rate is linked to environmental temperature and oxygen consumption, and as such, may be a useful predictor of extinction risk. This is especially true during major climate-driven extinctions, given the tightly linked stressors of warming and hypoxia. However, metabolic attributes can be quantified in different ways, highlighting differing aspects of organisms’ ecology. Here, we estimate resting whole-body and mass-specific metabolic rates in post-Carboniferous bivalve taxa using body size, seawater paleotemperature, and a taxon-specific adjustment factor to assess how metabolic rate correlates with survival both during and outside intervals of rapid climate warming, or “hyperthermals.” Accounting for the effects of geographic range size, we find a pattern of preferential extinction of bivalves with lower total calorific needs, consistent with increasing body size and the postulated ramping up of ecosystem energetics over the Meso-Cenozoic. Contrary to expectations, extinction selectivity based on total calorific needs, which emphasizes body size, does not differ between hyperthermals and other time intervals. However, a higher metabolic rate per gram of tissue—which is more strongly determined by environmental temperature than by body size—consistently increases the probability of extinction during hyperthermals relative to baseline conditions, particularly within the paleotropics. This serves to highlight the potential significance of environmental temperature on metabolic performance, particularly in organisms that are already living close to their thermal limits. In tandem with previously documented patterns of extinction selectivity based on relative activity levels, including motility and feeding style, these results enhance our understanding of the role of metabolic rate through time and during climate-driven extinctions. When standardized by mass, metabolic rate may represent a useful metric through which to predict the effects of anthropogenic climate change on modern marine faunas.

The present article focuses on a place-based repertoire of contention known as Punto de Encuentro, designed to defend a rural-urban territory against racialized processes of economic globalization and armed conflicts in Colombia. The article suggests that citizenship becomes meaningful when Afro-Colombians exercise their rights to their territories. To support this argument, the article delves into the 2017 civic strike mobilizations that reclaimed the city space of Buenaventura as a territory of life where Afro-Colombians can live with dignity and in peace. As the article describes, the civic strike activists created four crucial social participation processes: the crafting of a social movement, the production of a place-based knowledge from past struggles, the construction of a common ethical and political framework, and Puntos de Encuentro as places of social and cultural resistance.

Kwalitatieve interviews onder 100 verdachten in Nederlandse strafzaken bieden inzicht in de vraag of ervaren procedurele rechtvaardigheid ertoe doet voor verdachten en, zo ja, welke componenten van procedurele rechtvaardigheid voor hen van belang zijn. Het epistemologische vertrekpunt van dit onderzoek verschilt van de kwantitatieve studies die het onderzoeksveld domineren, doordat dit onderzoek nagaat welke componenten van procedurele rechtvaardigheid respondenten eventueel zelf ter sprake brengen in plaats van respondenten te vragen naar vooraf bepaalde componenten van procedurele rechtvaardigheid. De grote meerderheid van de respondenten bracht zelf kwesties ter sprake die met procedurele rechtvaardigheid te maken hebben. Zes componenten vormden de kern van hun rechtvaardigheidspercepties: (1) informatie waarop beslissingen zijn gebaseerd, (2) bejegening, (3) gepaste aandacht, (4) neutraliteit, (5) inspraak en (6) zorgvuldigheid. Hoewel deze componenten overeenkomen met de literatuur over procedurele rechtvaardigheid, noemden respondenten sommige componenten vaker – en andere juist minder vaak – dan men op basis van de literatuur zou verwachten. In het bijzonder speelt neutraliteit een belangrijke rol in de Nederlandse rechtbankcontext die hier werd onderzocht.

Appeals to “decolonize” now range widely, from decolonizing the university to decolonizing Russia. This article poses the question of what work the concept of decolonization can and cannot do. It underscores how much can be learned about how decolonization came about if one explores the different goals that activists sought in their time. It suggests that if instead of looking for a colonial “legacy,” we explore historical trajectories of colonization and decolonization, we can reveal how political, economic, and social structures in both ex-colonies and ex-metropoles were shaped and reshaped over time. Finally, it brings into conversation with the literature on the decolonization of the empires of Western European states more recent scholarship on Russia and the Soviet Union, pointing to different forms of imperial rule and imperial collapse and also to the possibility of “reimperialization,” of reconstituting empire in new contexts.

The development of externalizing behavior in young children is shaped by the complex interaction of temperament, neural mechanisms, and environmental factors. This study explored how child frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and child negative affect jointly moderate the relationship between mindful parenting and child externalizing behavior. The sample, drawn from families in the Netherlands, included reports from 128 mothers and 103 partners on mindful parenting, and on children’s negative affect and externalizing behavior. FAA was measured in 95 four-year-old children during an EEG session while they watched an animated video. Results indicated that children with high negative affect and greater left-sided FAA displayed the most externalizing behavior when maternal mindful parenting was low, but the least when mindful parenting was high. In contrast, no significant effects were found for children with lower negative affect or in partner-reported data. These findings suggest that children with both high negative affect and greater left-sided FAA are more sensitive to the quality of mindful parenting, particularly from mothers, aligning with the environmental sensitivity framework. Future research should replicate these findings, ideally in a larger sample, and further examine the long-term, cumulative impact of FAA and negative affect on the development of behavioral problems.

This reflection article examines the trajectory of health law — using scholarly work by George Annas, Wendy Mariner, and Fran Miller as a platform.1 These three health law scholars have been analyzing the complications of health law in the U.S. economy for decades, and each of them has been prescient in anticipating what the future of health care delivery will look like and how we might improve it.

This paper draws together the connections between the concepts of critical human security and state capacity and explores their relevance as a novel analytical framework for exploring the global pandemic and its aftermath, with a particular focus on Europe and East Asia. The paper highlights the relevance of integrating a ‘state capacity for human security’ analytical lens and policy philosophy to inform an understanding of human (in)security as well as its relevance for concerns around social protection, sustainability, and inequality. We argue that the long-held and taken-for-granted assumption that larger, high-spending welfare states produce greater well-being security can no longer be an automatic supposition given the nature and sources of risk and insecurity in the contemporary world. We argue that that widening the parameters and focus of social policy analysis towards state capacity for critical human security might better highlight the multi-dimensional challenges that welfare states should seek to address.

This foreword introduces the inaugural International and Comparative Law Quarterly (ICLQ) Forum, a new initiative designed to provide in-depth analysis of a particular field of law within the ICLQ’s sphere of interest. The first Forum focuses on the law of the sea, a subject with which the journal has been closely associated since its inception. The choice of theme reflects both the ICLQ’s historic contributions to maritime scholarship and the renewed urgency of ocean-related legal challenges. The collected contributions examine contemporary developments, including the implementation of the Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, climate change and sea-level rise, maritime security, fisheries governance and human rights at sea. Together, they assess the continuing vitality of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as a ‘living treaty’ and interrogate its capacity to respond to shifting geopolitical, environmental and technological realities. Beyond charting doctrinal evolution, the Forum highlights the law of the sea’s systemic significance for the development of international law more broadly. It invites reflection on whether the traditional State-centric framework can sustain effective ocean governance in the face of accelerating global pressures.

The global transformation of the economy towards a digital one has fundamentally restructured business operations, economic models, and tax practices. With digital technologies and electronic communications embedded within industries, the digital economy has fostered innovative business models, transformed user behaviors, and increased operational efficiency. However, such a revolution has come at the price of exposing the limitations of traditional international tax models based on physical presence and tangible properties. The entry of borderless, intangible, and platform-based economic activities necessitates urgent tax redesign, especially amid digital businesses, which increasingly interact across borders yet leave no traditional physical presence.

This research describes the revolutionary influence of the digital economy on cross-border taxation, deconstructs the traditional conceptualization of the permanent establishment (PE), and evaluates the emergent principle of “tax where value is generated” based on recent literature as well as emerging global reform approaches.

This article examines Dao Yin (Saying Vagina), a feminist play produced by the Beijing-based theatre collective Vagina Project, focusing on textile theatrical objects representing the vagina, such as cloth, plush puppets and woven fabric scenery. Sharing methodological foundations with Eve Ensler’s The Vagina Monologues, Dao Yin engages in feminist myth making through textile art. By analysing both onstage and offstage female textile work, this study highlights a dual dynamic: the visible artistic labour animating textile props onstage and the inert woven vaginal scenery that obscures the labour of its fabrication. Situating this work within a global commodity meshwork, the article foregrounds the weaving labour of female migrant workers and its translation to symbolic representation. Drawing on Eve Sedgwick’s concepts of texture and ‘texxture’, the analysis surfaces effaced histories of textile labour, the corporeal vulnerability it entails, and the material traces entangled in a theatre of feminist vaginal symbolism.

A fundamental and widely recognized inequity at the core of the existential climate crisis facing the planet today is that those who have contributed the least to climate change are also the most affected. The United States, European Union-28, Russia, Japan, and Canada, according to some accounts, are together responsible for 85 percent of global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions thus far.1 Yet it is the climate vulnerable—least developed countries, low lying, and small island states among others—that are at the frontlines of climate impacts. There is widespread scientific and diplomatic consensus on the multiple causes and devastating impacts of climate change but so far justice for vulnerable states has proven elusive.

The pursuit of a utopian community through theatre-making involves re-examining the concept of stage presence. This article contributes to the discourse on the nature of stage presence in theatre, proposing a middle ground between the views that stage presence is solely a result of the performer’s quality and that it is an effect that technology can produce. Through a phenomenological lens, the author argues that stage presence is a contingent and relational phenomenon achieved through the bodily communicative process of both the performer and the spectator. Through the exploration of traditional Chinese theatre, this research found that the bodily encounter between the performer and the spectator contributes to stage presence. The article aims to stimulate further discourse on the significance of stage presence in constructing a utopian community.

Law enforcement authorities (LEAs) increasingly need to obtain digital evidence that is stored or controlled across borders. As a result, States increasingly exercise enforcement jurisdiction extraterritorially by imposing investigative measures on service providers that possess or control data outside the territory, without the State’s LEAs physically entering another State’s territory. This exercise of ‘investigative jurisdiction’ seemingly conflicts with the longstanding prohibition of the exercise of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction in international law. This article argues that given the development of State practice, longstanding jurisdictional principles should adapt to global technologies. Consistent with the principle of comity, this article conceptualises a limited form of investigative jurisdiction that respects sovereignty and minimises conflicts of law.

Least-squares problems are a cornerstone of computational science and engineering. Over the years, the size of the problems that researchers and practitioners face has constantly increased, making it essential that sparsity is exploited in the solution process. The goal of this article is to present a broad review of key algorithms for solving large-scale linear least-squares problems. This includes sparse direct methods and algebraic preconditioners that are used in combination with iterative solvers. Where software is available, this is highlighted.