Food texture influences eating rate (ER), and slower ERs are associated with reduced energy intake within a meal. However, it remains unclear whether this acute effect of ER on intake is sustained over time. We investigated whether texture-based differences in meal ER can have a sustained effect on food and energy intake across 11 consecutive days. In a randomised cross-over feeding trial, Dutch adults (n 20) were randomised to an 11-d ‘fast’ and an 11-d ‘slow’ ER diet, followed by a 17-d washout period before completing the alternate diet-arm. Participants consumed ad libitum breakfast and dinners of which ER was manipulated using food texture and received the same lunch meals on both diets served in regular-sized fixed portions. Diets were matched for served total weight (gram), energy (kcal) and energy density (kcal/gram) and were equivalent for visual volume, meal liking and meal variety. Meal ER on the ‘slow diet’ was on average 32 % slower compared with the ‘fast diet’ (P < 0·01). On days when texture led to significant differences in ER, food intake was reduced by 121 (se 24) g/d (P < 0·001), and this effect did not attenuate over time (P = 0·25). Cumulative food intake was 6 % lower for the slow compared with the fast diet (P < 0·001) with no significant difference in energy intake. On 8 of the 11 test days, meal texture reduced ER and supported a consistent reduction in food intake. Further research should test whether a whole diet approach to lowering ER by modifying meal textures could help to moderate food and energy intakes.

I offer a novel dispositional reply to Derk Pereboom’s four-case manipulation argument. Drawing on recent work in the metaphysics of dispositions, I argue that manipulated agents’ rational abilities are masked—prevented from manifesting as they otherwise would—by neuroscientists’ manipulation. I argue that masking better explains why manipulated agents are not responsible for their actions than causal determinism does, as we ordinarily take masks to explain why agents are not morally responsible for their actions or inaction. Because causal determinism is not a mask, there is a relevant difference between manipulation and causal determinism, and the four-case argument fails.

The Ottoman-Safavid war of 1578–1590 marked the first time the Caucasus emerged as a primary battleground in the struggle between the Ottomans, Iran, and Russia. The war’s first campaign, led by Lala Muṣṭafā Paşa in Shirvan, also saw the rise of Özdemiroġlu ʿOs̱mān Paşa, commander of the Ottoman troops that wintered in Daghestan in 1578–1579. This campaign has been extensively recounted in contemporary chronicles, particularly in ġazavātnāme such as Muṣṭafā ʿĀlī’s Nuṣretnāme (c. 1584) and Āṣafī Dāl Meḥmed Çelebi’s Şecāʿatnāme (c. 1586–1587), both authored by high-ranking officials who took part in the campaign. However, a different perspective emerges when one considers the experiences of rank-and-file soldiers, voiceless yet central actors in the events chronicled in these narratives. This study focuses on the so-called Tārīḫ-i ʿOs̱mān Paşa, a war memoir composed in Turkish between 1580–1584 by Ebūbekir b. ʿAbdullāh, a cavalryman in the Ottoman army.

In addition to adopting a more prosaic tone than his prestigious contemporaries, Ebūbekir also gives prominence to his personal experiences and observations, particularly when recounting his one-year stay in the region of Derbent. In this passage, he describes the peoples of Daghestan and briefly discusses their history, sociopolitical organization, beliefs, and customs. In this article, I present a translation and analysis of this passage of the book. In introducing this text to an English-speaking audience, this work contributes to our historical understanding of Daghestan and the Caucasus and provides valuable material for studying Ottoman mentalities, moving beyond the authorized narratives of state-employed chroniclers.

Despite the recent advances in its diagnosis (heralded by the revisions in ICD-11 and DSM-5) and the introduction of new approaches to treatment, managing personality disorder remains challenging to the psychiatric practitioner. I believe that one of the main reasons for this is that the condition lacks an overall theory that might guide practitioners in their assessment of it and what they might do to intervene. In this article, I suggest that interpersonal theory might be such a candidate, enabling practitioners to manage this condition more effectively. My aim is to provide a brief introduction to this theory in the hope that practitioners might be encouraged to explore its implications more fully.

Specimens of shrimp Heptacarpus maxillipes (Thoridae) infected by parasitic barnacle Sylon hippolytes (Rhizocephala) were found for the first time along the Kuril Islands at a depth of 241–670 m. It is the second host from the genus Heptacarpus. Total number of hosts of S. hippolytes is currently 24. Carapace length of the infected shrimps ranged from 3 to 10 mm. Hosts had one or two parasitic externae of S. hippolytes. The size of the externa ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 mm in length and from 1.0 to 4.0 mm in height. Retinacula were not found. A single colleteric gland was present. Receptacles were absent. Regeneration of the ovary in the ovigerous externa was not observed. Sylon hippolytes produces only one larval generation. Larvae are hatched as small cyprids. Phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the belonging of our specimens to the monophyletic clade of S. hippolytes with genetic distances between subclades from 6.96 to 8.4%. High values of intraspecific distances in S. hippolytes from different areas may point to cryptic speciation within this rhizocephalan.

Maya quarries were sites of resource extraction. We cannot forget that they were also sites of labor, collaboration, and personal relationships. In this paper, we explore two case studies: quarrying and transporting limestone at Early Classic Naachtun of Petén, Guatemala, and extracting sascab (powdered limestone) at Late Classic Xunantunich, Belize. We offer quantitative analyses of these tasks using the methodology known as architectural energetics, a methodology designed to investigate ancient building through evidence of its various output activities. But we go farther than abstract calculations to offer relatable and relevant public outcomes through storytelling, highlighting the human-centered aspects of quarrying and construction. Following important precedents, this study offers two examples of how quantitative methodologies can intersect with archaeological storytelling, specifically analyzing how architectural energetic studies can inform narratives intended for public audiences.