Many claim that there is an important relationship between consciousness and welfare. Call this general view phenomenalism. One way of fleshing out phenomenalism is to hold that consciousness is what makes one the type of entity that can be noninstrumentally better or worse off in the first place. Consciousness is at least a necessary condition on welfare subjecthood. A different account holds that even if consciousness is not necessary for welfare subjecthood, conscious welfare subjects have a greater welfare capacity. We argue that the most likely source of support for either version of phenomenalism – hedonism about welfare goods and bads – provides no support at all. Along the way, we discuss an alternative view of welfare subjectivity and welfare capacity that does not appeal to consciousness but only to mentality, a view we call mentalism.

In the Morel-Voevodsky motivic stable homotopy category of a quasi-compact quasi-separated scheme S, several candidates exist for a motivic spectrum representing hermitian K-theory. This note shows that the cellular absolute motivic spectrum constructed in [9] via the geometry of orthogonal and hyperbolic Grassmannians over S coincides with the motivic ring spectrum constructed in [4].

This paper examines the micropolitics of corporate domicile relocation through the case of Tanganyika Concessions, a British company that shifted its headquarters from the United Kingdom to Southern Rhodesia between 1946 and 1952. Drawing on archival sources like the Rio Tinto Collection, the British National Archives, and the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga (UMHK) archives, it reconstructs how internal and external actors shaped the relocation process. A central influence came from an informal network of U.S.-based investors—dubbed the “American Group,” whose capital was actively courted and whose conditions reshaped corporate strategy. The analysis reveals the power dynamics among major shareholders, including Anglo American, Rio Tinto, UMHK, and the Bank of England, showing how competing interests required continual negotiation. The study demonstrates that corporate relocations are politically charged processes embedded in imperial decline and the reconfiguration of postwar global capital.

Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, the Hamadori region of Fukushima Prefecture experienced severe physician shortages. To address this challenge, three hospitals established postgraduate clinical training programmes aimed at attracting early-career physicians. We reviewed publicly available information on 61 trainees who entered these programmes between 2013 and 2025. Approximately two-thirds graduated from medical schools outside Fukushima Prefecture, indicating successful recruitment from outside the region during the early recovery phase. Over time, the proportion of Fukushima Medical University graduates increased, suggesting a transition from emergency workforce recruitment to locally established training pathways. Among graduates with confirmed practice locations, nearly half remained working in Fukushima Prefecture. These findings suggest that postgraduate clinical training programmes may contribute to physician workforce recovery and long-term healthcare system resilience in disaster-affected, ageing, and depopulating regions.

This article investigates how Li Yuanyang, a Yunnanese scholar of the Ming Dynasty, pursued cultural orthodoxy both for himself and his homeland. Through reconstructing Yunnan’s history, harmonising Buddhism with Confucianism, and showcasing the Chinese values practised in Yunnan, he positions himself as an orthodox Confucian literatus and defines Yunnan as an integral part of Chinese civilisation. Simultaneously, Li exhibits strong regional characteristics, perhaps unconsciously at times. He adopts some Bai-centric accounts, inherits Dali’s pre-Ming Buddhist legacy, and especially extols local moral exemplars, highlighting the cultural refinement of Yunnan individuals. Thus, his identity is double-sided, functioning as both a Chinese and a native scholar.

With the increasing level of wearable technologies, being intertwined with 5G networks, the necessity of high-speed and wideband communication solutions has gained top priority. The ultra-wideband technology presents a possible avenue for fulfilling these requirements. Following this drive, the proposed work establishes an ultra-wideband antenna system that is explicitly developed and validated to be used in 5G wearables. The designed antenna incorporates a dual-element multiple-input and multiple-output antenna featuring a stepped triangular-shaped radiator, evolved from an initial rectangular-shaped geometry. This transformation enables dual resonances at 4.7 and 7.9 GHz, covering a wide spectrum of 4.0–10.2 GHz. Furthermore, the suggested antenna demonstrates a minimum inter-element isolation exceeding 21.2 dB with a peak gain of 3.15 dBi. The multiple-input multiple-output diversity parameters have been investigated and observed to be within the acceptable limits, while the effectiveness for body-worn applications is further evaluated by analyzing its conformal performance and safety compliance, demonstrating average SAR values of 1.12 and 0.89 W/kg for 1g of tissue mass at 4.7 and 7.9 GHz, respectively. Finally, the antenna is fabricated, and its performance is validated through experimental measurements.

This study investigates the effects of continuous atmospheric turbulence on the longitudinal and lateral-directional flight dynamics of a tailless unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) with a lambda wing planform. The absence of vertical tail surfaces reduces inherent stability and introduces strong coupling between flight modes, making disturbance rejection a critical challenge. The UCAV dynamics were linearised using small perturbation theory and represented in state-space form, with turbulence disturbances modelled using the Von Karman spectrum under light, moderate and severe intensities. The dynamic flight modes were evaluated with reference to the MIL-F-8785C flying quality requirements. State feedback and state observer-based controllers were initially designed using pole placement techniques to evaluate the performance of linear systems and gain insight into their flying qualities. A model predictive controller (MPC) was subsequently developed and compared with these controllers to assess their turbulence rejection and attitude tracking capabilities. Simulation results demonstrate that MPC provides superior robustness, effectively rejecting turbulence across all intensities while ensuring accurate pitch and roll attitude tracking. The findings provide new insights into the dynamics and control of tailless UCAVs under realistic turbulence conditions, supporting the viability of such configurations for mission-oriented applications.

Three infants developed ARDS-like lung injury after Glenn or Fontan procedures, each following infection or inflammation. All showed unusually high elevations of epithelial injury markers such as KL-6 and surfactant protein D (SP-D). These findings suggest a distinct post-bypass phenotype in which right-heart circulation may amplify epithelial injury beyond that seen in typical paediatric ARDS.

In Employment Division v. Smith (1990), the U.S. Supreme Court held that neutral and generally applicable laws would no longer receive strict scrutiny review. Many feared that Smith had severely truncated the protection of the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause. Three years later, however, in a controversial Santerian slaughtering case, Douglas Laycock persuaded a unanimous Supreme Court in Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah to highlight an important limitation on the Smith neutrality standard. Both “masked as well as overt” government hostility, targeting, or discrimination against religion are constitutionally “suspect,” Lukumi made clear. Recent Supreme Court free exercise cases have emphasized this limitation. Over the past decade, the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union are replaying the same story that played out in the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1980s and 1990s and have gradually weakened their religious freedom provisions into a guarantee of government neutrality alone. In their most recent cases, these pan-European high courts have upheld blatantly discriminatory regulations of Muslim and Jewish ritual slaughtering, favoring animal welfare over religious freedom. These courts need to take a lesson from Laycock’s argument in Lukumi that neutrality requires states not to take sides for or against religion and not to uphold laws that have the mere pretense of neutrality while targeting the core practices of religious minorities.