Translanguaging, a significant linguistic trend, is capturing the interest of various academic fields. However, existing literature has yet to adequately examine the role of translanguaging humor in entertainment media. To investigate this issue, we employ discourse analysis to explore the creative performance of translanguaging humor and its audience reception, as manifested in the parasocial interactions through danmu comments. Results show that, firstly, four translanguaging strategies are employed to create humor in Chinese entertainment shows: bilingual puns, literal translation, performance of ‘bad’ English and code-approximation. Secondly, beneath the humor lies a complex layer of emotions that are often paradoxical in nature. Furthermore, the search for a fluid linguistic identity is manifested in the creation and reception of translanguaging humor, which challenges monoglossic ideologies that prioritize rigid language boundaries and embraces the dynamic and hybrid nature of translingual practices across diverse linguistic landscapes.

We present the first case of CTNND1 variant with a prenatal clinical phenotype of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The genetic analysis identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant NM_001085458.2: c.2098C>T (p.R700*) in the CTNND1 gene of the fetus. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of CTNND1 gene, provides a novel clinical reference for prenatal diagnosis, and suggests that the CTNND1 gene plays a crucial role in early cardiac development.

Recent work on random growth models with light-tailed Markov-modulated additive shocks has shown that irreducible modulation yields tail behavior resembling an exponential distribution. We show that with reducible modulation the tail behavior more generally resembles an Erlang distribution. Our main technical contribution is a theorem on the order of a real pole of the inverse of a holomorphic matrix-valued function with reducible Metzler structure. In a special affine case, the theorem recovers the Rothblum index theorem. Applying this result together with a Tauberian theorem, we characterize the Erlang shape parameter in two models of Markov-modulated random growth.

This article studies the nonparametric identification and estimation of double auctions with one buyer and one seller. This model assumes that both bidders submit their own sealed bids, and the transaction price is determined by a weighted average between the submitted bids when the buyer’s offer is higher than the seller’s ask. It captures the bargaining process between two parties. Working within this double auction model, we first establish the nonparametric identification of both the buyer’s and the seller’s private value distributions in two bid data scenarios; from the case of all bids being available, to the case of only transacted bids being available. Specifically, both private value distributions are point identified when all of the bids are observed. They are, however, partially identified when only the transacted bids are available. In the latter case, a sharp characterization of the identified set is provided. Second, we estimate double auctions with bargaining using a two-step procedure that incorporates both boundary and interior bias correction. We then show that our value density estimators achieve the optimal uniform convergence rate of first-price auctions. Monte Carlo experiments show that, in finite samples, our estimation procedure works well on the whole support.

This article explores the career of Fritz L. Redlich and his influence on business history. Redlich completed his degree in economics in Berlin in 1914 when the German Historical School still dominated the field. He then had to withdraw his Ph.D. dissertation on the German tar industry because of his Jewish origin. In 1936, he left Germany for the United States, where he taught in several universities and also served in public administration. A major breakthrough in his career occurred when he answered the call to join the Research Center in Entrepreneurial History at Harvard University. There, in continuous dialogue with Joseph Schumpeter, Arthur Cole, and many other researchers, Redlich developed an interesting epistemological foundation for the newly born entrepreneurial history, a discipline bent on verstehen (“understanding”) and becoming an integral part of the social sciences. Via an international network of numerous students and scholars, Redlich was decisive in the emergence and diffusion of business history not only in the United States but also in Germany.

Two Tocharian B manuscripts, PK AS 3B and IOL Toch 306, contain an ingredient läksañña klautso, lit. “fish ear”, that, in earlier editions and translations, has been interpreted as “(fish) gill”. However, no concrete evidence has been brought forward to interpret “fish ears” in this context as “gills”, nor is there convincing evidence for the use of “gills” in (traditional) medicine for the dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions described in these manuscripts. By examining the term for “shell” in Nakh-Dagestanian languages (e.g. Avar ччугlигlин /č:uʕiʕin/, lit. “fish ear”) and highlighting metaphorical associations of related words, e.g. German Ohrmuschel “auricle”, we argue that läksañña klautso refers to shells and conches rather than gills. Additionally, we provide instances of the use of conches and shells in Āyurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to support our claim. Accordingly, we suggest that “ground shell (powder)” is the ingredient listed in these two remedies.

Linear factor models dominate the field of empirical asset pricing and are largely considered a successful framework even though testing for model adequacy is uncommon in empirical research. This article develops a probabilistic argument under the assumption that return data are generated by a multivariate Lévy process and shows that linear factor models are asymptotically adequate as the return frequency declines. Rate-of-convergence results are provided assuming finite or infinite second moments and the moment conditions that determine the convergence rate are analyzed. Separately, we consider the combination of cross-sectional and temporal aggregation, which concerns portfolio applications, and we find that the model error of the linear framework can be smaller for portfolios than individual stocks. Although the intended application is finance, the results in the article are valid in other areas where data aggregation is natural.

Despite the essential role that migrant domestic workers perform, their work—and human worth—is often disregarded. The issues facing migrant domestic workers go beyond harsh labor conditions and immigration regulations that tie their work permits to their employers. These issues—all of which migrant domestic workers have shared with me—involve a disregard for their humanity through policies that treat them as sources of contagion (e.g., mandatory annual HIV and pregnancy tests) and as wards (e.g., employers’ refusal to permit days off and the imposition of curfews). The problems facing migrant domestic workers stem from a devaluing of care and domestic work, alongside the routine ignoring of their own caring needs. A key principle of a caring society emphasizes the importance of meeting people’s caring needs (Glenn 2000). The inability of policymakers to recognize and meet migrant domestic workers’ need for care through policies shows migrant domestic workers’ invisibility.

This article introduces and analyzes a framework that accommodates general heterogeneity in regression modeling. It demonstrates that regression models with fixed or time-varying parameters can be estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and time-varying OLS methods, respectively, across a broad class of regressors and noise processes not covered by existing theory. The proposed setting facilitates the development of asymptotic theory and the estimation of robust standard errors. The robust confidence interval estimators accommodate substantial heterogeneity in both regressors and noise. The resulting robust standard error estimates coincide with White’s (1980, Econometrica 48, 817–838) heteroskedasticity-consistent estimator but are applicable to a broader range of conditions, including models with missing data. They are computationally simple and perform well in Monte Carlo simulations. Their robustness, generality, and ease of implementation make them highly suitable for empirical applications. Finally, the article provides a brief empirical illustration.

At the turn of the sixteenth century, the city of Bruges, a considerable trading centre in the County of Flanders, witnessed a noticeable increase in rape prosecutions. Drawing on final judgments by the city magistrates, many of whom imposed the death penalty, this article examines how these prosecutions were shaped by broader concerns for social order and urban prosperity. It argues that deep-rooted anxieties about disorder and deviance among both civic authorities and the wider community fostered a more standardized policy towards sexual violence. This, in turn, enables the reconstruction of the late medieval ‘criminal-rapist’: an outsider associated with brutal and dishonourable violence, deemed particularly intolerable in ‘a city of high repute’.

Le 11 juillet 1947, Jérôme Carcopino (1881-1970) bénéficiait d’un non-lieu après avoir été révoqué de ses fonctions, brièvement emprisonné et traduit en justice pour sa participation au régime de Vichy, où il fut en particulier secrétaire d’État à l’Éducation nationale et à la Jeunesse de 1941 à 1942. À l’appui de son mémoire justificatif produit devant la Haute Cour de justice de la République, Carcopino avait joint divers témoignages de collègues qu’il estimait pouvoir porter à son crédit, dont un échange épistolaire avec Marc Bloch. Composé de neuf lettres, éditées pour la première fois à la suite de cet article, ce court dossier témoigne des échanges entretenus entre les deux hommes, normaliens, liés par la figure de Gustave Bloch, maître de l’un et père de l’autre. Ces lettres reflètent à la fois le passé et le présent de deux figures de l’Université de la IIIe République, aux relations courtoises en dépit de leurs situations dramatiquement asymétriques sous Vichy. Procurer une édition critique de ces lettres répond à un double objectif : contextualiser l’histoire de leur écriture, à une époque où correspondre avec une autorité ministérielle n’a rien d’anodin, et comprendre le ressort de leur exposition dans un cadre judiciaire pour soutenir la cause d’un accusé. Après avoir obtenu sa réintégration dans l’Université en 1951, Carcopino publia en 1953 un livre plaidoyer, Souvenirs de sept ans, où il relatait son action de 1937 à 1944 et qu’il achevait par la reproduction, instrumentalisation s’il en est, d’un fac-similé de l’une des lettres de Marc Bloch.

The experimental study of the effects of religious messages and endorsements by religious leaders on political attitudes has a relatively short history yet has coalesced around three main claims: religious treatments are especially effective because of their religious character, effects are larger for religious affiliates than nonaffiliates, and effects are larger for high religiosity types than low religiosity types. Here, we meta-reanalyze the experimental record (58 treatment-outcome pairs drawn from 43 studies reported in 26 papers) to probe the generalizability of these claims. Our findings indicate that these three headline claims do not generalize straightforwardly across contexts: effects are large in some cases and close to zero in others, and we find no evidence in favor of the claimed heterogeneities by religious affiliation or religiosity. Based on a census of the estimands in this literature, we offer suggestions for future research that would enhance commensurability and synthesis.