We investigate order isomorphisms, which are not assumed to be linear, between complete order-unit spaces. We show that two such spaces are order isomorphic if and only if they are linearly order isomorphic. We then introduce a condition that determines whether all order isomorphisms on a complete order-unit space are automatically affine. This characterization is in terms of the geometry of the state space. We consider how this condition applies to several examples, including the space of bounded self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space. Our techniques also allow us to show that in a unital $C^*$-algebra there is an order isomorphism between the space of self-adjoint elements and the cone of positive invertible elements if and only if the algebra is commutative.

This note examines the semantics of figs in Greek and Roman culture, pointing to their association with the opposition between truth and falsehood. The relevance of this association is explored in relation to a detail in the story of Brutus (Postumius Albinus, FRHist F2 = Macrob. Sat. 3.20.5) and an aetiological episode in Ovid’s Fasti (Ov. Fast. 2.243–66).

This article argues that the text of a hendecasyllabic fragment of Cinna, transmitted by Aulus Gellius, is defective, and that a neglected conjecture made by the sixteenth-century scholar Gyraldus gives a better reading. mannis, a loanword from Cisalpine Gaulish, may be the first usage of this word in Roman literature. Furthermore, reading mannis allows for the recognition of echoes of Cinna’s poem in the elegies of Ovid and Propertius. While Gellius definitely read nanis (since he builds an entire chapter around the reading), a palaeographical corruption in Gellius’ text of Cinna is simple to explain, although conjecture cannot be dismissed. The article shows the danger of linguistic biases in texts which transmit fragments: in this case, a bias towards reading Greek loanwords in place of those from Celtic languages.

This article examines how efforts to improve maternal and perinatal health among Britain’s South Asian population served to uphold medical hierarchies and construct post-imperial racial formations. It uses the “Asian Mother and Baby Campaign” (AMBC) to assess state responses to health inequity. The AMBC was set up in 1984 by the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) in conjunction with the Save the Children Fund (SCF). By using the Department of Health and SCF archives, as well as original oral history interviews, this article shows that while the AMBC was designed to make healthcare more accessible, its attempt to “medically integrate” South Asian women helped to pathologize them and place them under medical surveillance. As the testimonies of healthcare professionals, users of the campaign, and women’s health activists show, the AMBC’s vision for healthcare reform was tied to racialized and class-based discourses around citizenship and belonging. This article thus interrogates what campaigns like the AMBC tell us about healthcare spaces and how they recalibrated imperial racial formations in order to manage and maintain racial difference in Britain. It argues that the AMBC created knowledge systems that were oftentimes at odds with community-based expertise. The campaign ultimately shaped South Asian women’s experiences of maternity care, as well as the national dialogue on race and notions of welfare state inclusivity. By focusing on British South Asian women’s healthcare in this way, this article makes a critical contribution to scholarship on race, health citizenship, and the limitations of multicultural ideals in late twentieth-century Britain.

This article outlines the UK’s National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for victims of human trafficking and modern slavery and the psychiatrist’s roles and responsibilities within this framework. Individuals referred to the NRM often give harrowing and complex accounts of trauma and exploitation that are difficult to disclose in a single assessment. They present with a range of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatrists encounter such victims in many settings, including emergency departments, community and in-patient settings, the criminal justice system and when providing expert psychiatric reports, especially in immigration and asylum cases. Psychiatrists need to consider a range of issues when conducting assessments, providing or overseeing treatment and preparing psychiatric reports. These include diagnosis of mental disorder, identifying and managing treatment and recovery needs, and providing support to help reintegration into society. These issues are important for psychiatrists and mental health specialists, given the pivotal role they play in helping to ensure victims of trafficking and modern slavery are identified, referred to the NRM and receive the support and treatment they require.

Cross-sectional imaging in children on an extracorporeal membranous oxygenator can be challenging due to logistics of transportation and technical aspects of image acquisition. Nevertheless, cardiac CT can be of value in answering important clinical questions in these patients. We share our experience while establishing a successful clinical workflow to perform cardiac CT in children with CHD on extracorporeal membranous oxygenator, which has not been previously described.

In a profession designed for men with housewives, academic mothers continue to shoulder a disproportionate burden. Motherhood penalties in academia are well-documented, with research consistently showing negative impacts on mothers’ publication rates (Di Leo et al. n.d.; Lutter and Schröder 2020; Morgan et al. 2021), citations (Lawson et al. 2021), and promotion trajectories (Antecol et al. 2018; Finkel and Olswang 1996; Mason et al. 2019) — effects not observed among fathers. In recent years, both institutional frameworks and grassroots movements have sought to address these inequities, yet their strategies and impacts differ significantly.

Staging an experimental sex therapy in which Black characters act as enslaved, Slave Play depicts erotic encounters charged with stereotypes of Black sexuality. While many critics dismiss this representation as distasteful, I argue that it is by staging Black sexuality in such challenging scenarios that Harris resists the dehumanising power of stereotypes. Instead of concealing stereotypes or seeking to supplant them with positive representation, Slave Play restores the unpredictability that they deny. In confronting this representation, our preconceptions short-circuit, and we are forced to apprehend Black sexuality on its own terms. This essay charts the rethinking of pleasure and agency that this confrontation compels.

Why do poor caregivers resist rights-based framings of their situation even when directly exposed to institutionalized rights discourses? Drawing on 44 in-depth interviews with caregivers, care recipients, and officials from Chile Cuida, a state assistance program grounded in the right-to-care framework, this article examines the rights consciousness of long-term, intensive caregivers in Santiago, Chile. We find that, despite significant political exposure to rights discourses, caregivers consistently frame their experiences in terms of familial duty rather than entitlement. Building on rights-consciousness literature, we identify three mechanisms that explain this pattern: cultural incompatibility, whereby caregivers resist framings that appear to contradict familial obligations; familial overspilling, whereby family-based relational expectations are projected onto bureaucratic actors; and bridging strategies, whereby caregivers invoke alternative cultural sources of entitlement – particularly notions of state duty toward the poor – to justify receiving assistance without challenging familial dominance. We argue that discursive exposure to rights frameworks is insufficient when it confronts deeply settled familial cultural repertoires, with significant implications for care policy in the region.

Remarkably, twenty-five years into the twenty-first century, there remains an enormous “political empowerment” gender gap between men and women around the world, even as the health and survival and educational attainment gender gaps are nearly closed, and the economic participation and opportunity gender gap is on the way to being closed. The political empowerment gender gap—like the others, a component of the Global Gender Gap Index (World Economic Forum 2025)—measures ratios of women to men in parliaments, in cabinets, and as executives (presidents and prime ministers). On average, the gap is 25 percent women to 75 percent men. This is as true for Africa as for the rest of the world.

This study of Manchester conservatoire training during and immediately after the Great War is an outcome of the research project ‘Making Music in Manchester’, which was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and was a collaboration between the Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) and community partners, Manchester Central Library and the Hallé Concerts Society. It focuses on musical life and training at the Royal Manchester College of Music (RMCM) to consider the extent to which the war made a difference to musical life at the College. The first part of this study examines the RMCM in the years leading up to the Great War, starting with the celebrations in the region to mark the twenty-first anniversary of the College in 1914 and examining the typical repertoire in the College’s public performances. Part two focuses on the impact of war on student numbers, gender balance, instruments played and any changes in repertoire. It discusses the conundrum of performing Wagner, on which perspectives differed sharply between Paris and Manchester. The final section examines the impact the temporary presence of ex-service students – who had been given Government grants to study music – had on the ecology of the RMCM and its mission to serve the North of England.

Costa Rica has been one of the most stable democracies in Latin America since 1953. However, the 2022 election gave rise to a populist leadership combining confrontational tactics, attacks on institutions, and pressure on press freedom. While previous studies document democratic backsliding across Latin America, Costa Rica’s case remains understudied. This article proposes the concept of “democracy under strain,” a condition distinct from backsliding, in which systematic executive pressure on democratic conditions coexists with institutional resilience. Drawing on Bermeo’s (2016) framework, I operationalize this concept through three indicators: decline of press freedom, institutional delegitimization, and decreasing citizen support for democracy. Using a mixed-methods strategy and combining Latin American Public Opinion Proyect survey data, press freedom indexes, and journalistic reports, the evidence shows that institutions remain formally intact and citizen disapproval of anti-press aggression is high, yet pressure is sustained and without historical precedent.