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Given a Hamiltonian torus action on a symplectic manifold, Teleman and Fukaya have proposed that the Fukaya category of each symplectic quotient should be equivalent to an equivariant Fukaya category of the original manifold. We lay out new conjectures that extend this story – in certain situations – to singular values of the moment map. These include a proposal for how, in some cases, we can recover the non-equivariant Fukaya category of the original manifold starting from data on the quotient.
To justify our conjectures, we pass through the mirror and work out numerous examples, using well-established heuristics in toric mirror symmetry. We also discuss the algebraic and categorical structures that underlie our story.
This article offers a four-part argument in favor of settlers adopting an ethics of recognition in negotiations with Indigenous peoples to support decolonization in North America. Part 1 examines theories of decolonization offered by Indigenous scholars, who show that ethical practices within Indigenous communities are necessary for decolonization. Part 2 focuses on James Tully’s revision of the liberal politics of recognition (LPR), arguing that Tully brings the LPR closer to the aims of decolonization. Part 3 argues that his innovations do not sufficiently acknowledge how inequality undermines the freedom he champions. Part 4 draws on Judith Butler’s interpretation of Hegelian recognition and Leanne Betasamosake Simpson’s idea of recognition to sketch an ethics that minimizes the inequalities of participants in the political negotiations Tully theorizes. Minimizing inequality will promote the greater freedom needed for the legitimacy of negotiations, making them a possible vehicle for decolonization.
Large-scale crises, including wars and pandemics, have repeatedly shaped human history, and their simultaneous occurrence presents profound challenges to societies. Understanding the dynamics of epidemic spread during warfare is essential for developing effective containment strategies in complex conflict zones. While research has explored epidemic models in various settings, the impact of warfare on epidemic dynamics remains underexplored.
Methods
We proposed a novel mathematical model that integrates the epidemiological SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) model with the war dynamics Lanchester model to explore the dual influence of war and pandemic on a population’s mortality. Moreover, we consider a dual-use military and civil health care system that aims to reduce the overall mortality rate, which can use different administration policies such as prioritizing soldiers over civilians. Using an agent-based simulation to generate in silico data, we trained a deep reinforcement learning model based on the deep Q-network algorithm for health care administration policy and conducted an intensive investigation on its performance.
Results
Our results show that a pandemic during war conduces chaotic dynamics where the health care system should either prioritize war-injured soldiers or pandemic-infected civilians based on the immediate amount of mortality from each option, ignoring long-term objectives.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of integrating conflict-related factors into epidemic modeling to enhance preparedness and response strategies in conflict-affected areas.
New musical instruments of the electronic and digital eras have explored spatialisation through multidimensional speaker arrays. Many facets of 2D and 3D sound localisation have been investigated, often in tandem with immersive fixed-media compositions: spatial trajectory and panning; physics-based effects such as artificial acoustics, reverberation and Doppler shifts; and spatially derived synthesis methods. Within the realm of augmented spatial string instruments, the EV distinguishes itself through a unique realisation of the possibilities afforded by these technologies. Initially conceived as a tool for convolving the timbres of synthesised and acoustic string signals, the EV’s exploration of spatial sound has led to new experiments with timbre. Over time, additional sound-generation modules have been integrated, resulting in an increasingly versatile palette for immersive composition. Looking forward, the EV presents compelling opportunities for sonic innovation.
In many countries, overall animal experimentation is not significantly decreasing or becoming less severe. Does this show that these countries’ programs to promote alternatives and the “three Rs” of “replace, reduce, refine” are failing? Scholars and activists sometimes take this for granted, but representatives of “three Rs” programs have disagreed. This article makes two contributions to the debate: one conceptual and one normative. First, it draws attention to the distinction between evaluating impact (whether a program makes a difference) and evaluating sufficiency (whether a program makes enough of a difference to achieve its goals). Total numbers are typically unhelpful in assessing impact, but depending on goals, they can be relevant in assessing sufficiency. Second, this article argues that an overall decrease in harm to animals in experimentation is a sensible policy goal. This article concludes with suggestions for how to go beyond the “three Rs” to effect overall change.
This paper explores the intersection of Nigerian criminology and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting the opportunities and future directions for aligning criminological research, education and practice with global development priorities. While Nigeria faces complex challenges such as poverty, inequality, insecurity, gender-based violence, environmental degradation and ineffective justice institutions, criminologists have a vital role in finding sustainable solutions. This paper explores how specific SDGs, notably Goals 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 16, provide significant opportunities for criminological involvement, including crime prevention, youth empowerment, community safety and tackling cybercrime. It suggests that incorporating SDGs into criminology curricula, enhancing data collection, encouraging field research, shaping policy reforms and accessing global funding can greatly improve the impact and relevance of the discipline. By taking an interdisciplinary, culturally aware and community-focused approach, Nigerian criminologists can advocate for evidence-based reforms that confront both the immediate and underlying factors of crime and insecurity. The paper concludes that aligning Nigerian criminology with the SDGs offers a timely chance to bolster academic and policy relevance while also serving as a strategic avenue for promoting peace, justice and inclusive development in Nigeria.
The wake merging of two side-by-side porous discs with varying disc spacing is investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. Two disc designs used in the literature are employed: a non-uniform disc and a mesh disc. Hot-wire anemometry is utilised to acquire two spanwise profiles at 8 and 30 disc diameters downstream and along the centreline between the dual-disc configuration up to 40 diameters downstream. The spanwise Castaing parameter profiles confirm the appearance of rings of internal intermittency at the outermost parts of the wakes. These rings are the first feature to interact between the discs. After this point, the turbulence develops to a state whereby an inertial range is observable in the spectra. Farther downstream, the internal intermittency shows the classical features of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. These events are repeatable and occur in the same order for both types of porous discs. This robustness allows us to develop a general map of the merging of the two wakes.
This paper presents an experimental and analytical investigation into the use of trailing edge slits for the reduction of aerofoil trailing edge noise. The noise reduction mechanism is shown to be fundamentally different from conventional trailing edge serrations, relying on destructive interference from highly compact and coherent sources generated at either ends of the slit. This novel approach is the first to exploit the coherence intrinsic to the boundary layer turbulence. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that trailing edge slits not only achieve superior noise reductions compared with sawtooth serrations of the same amplitude at certain conditions, but also offer frequency-tuning capability for noise reduction. Noise reduction is driven by the destructive interference between acoustic sources at the root and tip of the slit, which radiate with a phase difference determined by the difference in times taken for the boundary layer flow to convect between the root and tip. Maximum noise reductions occur at frequencies where the phase difference between these sources is $180^\circ$. The paper also presents a detailed parametric study into the variation in noise reductions due to the slit length, slit wavelength and slit root width. Additionally, a simple two-source analytic model is proposed to explain the observed results. Wind tunnel measurements of the unsteady flow field around the trailing edge slits are also presented, providing insights into the underlying flow physics.
The linear stability of a thermally stratified fluid layer between horizontal walls, where non-Brownian thermal particles are injected continuously at one boundary and extracted at the other – a system known as particulate Rayleigh–Bénard (pRB) – is studied. For a fixed volumetric particle flux and minimal thermal coupling, reducing the injection velocity stabilises the system when heavy particles are introduced from above, but destabilises it when light particles are injected from below. For very light particles (bubbles), low injection velocities can shift the onset of convection to negative Rayleigh numbers, i.e. heating from above. Particles accumulate non-uniformly near the extraction wall and in regions of strong vertical flow, aligning with either wall-impinging or wall-detaching zones depending on whether injection is at sub- or super-terminal velocity. The increase of the volumetric particle flux always enhances these effects.
We construct an fpqc gerbe $\mathcal {E}_{\dot {V}}$ over a global function field F such that for a connected reductive group G over F with finite central subgroup Z, the set of $G_{\mathcal {E}_{\dot {V}}}$-torsors contains a subset $H^{1}(\mathcal {E}_{\dot {V}}, Z \to G)$ which allows one to define a global notion of (Z-)rigid inner forms. There is a localization map $H^{1}(\mathcal {E}_{\dot {V}}, Z \to G) \to H^{1}(\mathcal {E}_{v}, Z \to G)$, where the latter parametrizes local rigid inner forms (cf. [8, 6]) which allows us to organize local rigid inner forms across all places v into coherent families. Doing so enables a construction of (conjectural) global L-packets and a conjectural formula for the multiplicity of an automorphic representation $\pi $ in the discrete spectrum of G in terms of these L-packets. We also show that, for a connected reductive group G over a global function field F, the adelic transfer factor $\Delta _{\mathbb {A}}$ for the ring of adeles $\mathbb {A}$ of F serving an endoscopic datum for G decomposes as the product of the normalized local transfer factors from [6].
The pandemic of Covid-19 exposed critical gaps in social policy and underscored the foundational role of families and households in both societal and economic stability. This introductory chapter to a Special Issue explores the interdependence between formal economic participation and unpaid domestic labour – collectively referred to as ‘social reproduction’. Drawing on feminist political economy, the chapter addresses how gendered and undervalued reproductive labour is essential to economic growth and the realisation of international commitments such as the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly gender equality and inclusive growth. This Special Issue uses South Korea as a comparative case study due to its unique economic trajectory, rapid demographic ageing, stark gender inequalities, and limited social protection systems. The country’s long working hours, low fertility rate, and pronounced wage and care burdens on women illustrate how inadequate social reproduction support can threaten broader social and economic sustainability. The pandemic further intensified these issues, disrupting institutional supports and deepening inequalities. This Special Issue collectively examines how policies across different contexts either alleviate or exacerbate the tensions between productive and reproductive labour, using South Korea as a focal point for comparison. This comparative analysis highlights the need for structural reforms and cultural change to support effective social reproduction policies, emphasising that gender-equal leave, accessible childcare, and shared caregiving responsibilities are crucial for work-family balance and social well-being. South Korea’s experience illustrates both progress and ongoing challenges, offering valuable lessons on the limitations of market-driven approaches and the importance of resilient, state-supported family policies.
This study analyses how care regimes in South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Sweden shape the roles of and support policies for informal caregivers within long-term care systems for older adults. South Korea considers informal caregivers both as resources and co-clients, but its well-being support is limited, financial aid criteria are relatively strict, and while employment-care reconciliation policies exist, familistic culture hinders their use. The United Kingdom assigns co-worker and co-client roles, offering well-being support, broader financial aid, and expanding employment-care reconciliation. Sweden prioritises formal care and recognises informal caregivers as co-clients, placing the strongest emphasis on improving their well-being while strictly regulating financial aid and employment-care reconciliation. Despite differences, all three countries emphasise informal caregiver well-being and have established frameworks for financial support and employment-care reconciliation policies. Future policies should enhance quality control, regulate financial aid, strengthen employment-care reconciliation support, and expand formal care, while addressing the potential negative impacts of dual caregiver roles.
The modal auxiliary form must plus perfect aspect (must have +V-en) has recently acquired the meaning of direct evidentiality in Multicultural London English, the new London dialect. Because the new meaning is a recent innovation we have a rare opportunity to witness its development at first hand, unlike earlier changes in the history of must. Our analysis supports the view that the classic definition of evidentiality in terms of information source is too narrow to explain the expression of evidentiality in spoken interaction, and that a broader definition in terms of epistemic authority is more appropriate. We argue that the direct evidential meaning is a coherent further step in the semantic changes undergone by must during its history. It represents a previously undocumented pathway in the grammaticalisation of evidentiality. It also supports the view that evidentiality is not a purely lexical phenomenon in English.
We simulate thermal convection in a two-dimensional square box using the no-slip condition on all boundaries, and isothermal bottom and top walls, and adiabatic sidewalls. We choose 0.1 and 1 for the Prandtl number $Pr$ and vary the Rayleigh number $Ra$ between $10^6$ and $10^{12}$. We particularly study the temporal evolution of integral transport quantities towards their steady states. Perhaps not surprisingly, the velocity field evolves more slowly than the thermal field, and its steady state – which is nominal in the sense that large-amplitude low-frequency oscillations persist around plausible averages – is reached exponentially. We study these oscillation characteristics. The transient time for the velocity field to achieve its nominal steady state increases almost linearly with the Reynolds number. For large $Ra$, the Reynolds number itself scales almost as $Ra^{2/3}\, Pr^{-1}$, and the Nusselt number as $Ra^{2/7}$.