Amyloid fibrils were long framed by pathology(1–2), yet lysozyme amyloid fibrils (LAFs) now show programmable structures with functional potential(3). Evidence relevant to food and nutrition is growing—polyphenol protection and controlled release, mitigation of processing-related AGE formation(4–5), and anthocyanin stabilization for freshness indication（6）—but findings remain scattered across materials, food, and biomedical outlets, with inconsistent safety readouts, heterogeneous formation conditions, and limited digestion-relevant appraisal. This review synthesizes recent evidence on LAF formation, safety, biodegradability, and emerging uses in nutrient delivery, functional hydrogels, pollutant adsorption, and biosensing, providing a nutrition-oriented framework for translating LAFs into next-generation food and health technologies.

We searched the literature on LAFs in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with additional forward citation checks in Google Scholar, including studies published up to 2025. Evidence was summarized regarding formation conditions, structural features, digestion and safety evaluations, and reported nutrition-related applications, drawing on in-vitro digestion studies, cell assays, and animal data where available.

LAFs can be reproducibly formed into β-sheet–rich nanofibrils under controlled acidic/thermal, alkaline, ethanol, and ionic conditions. Digestive simulation, cell assays, and animal exposure studies indicate structural resilience in the gastric phase, progressive degradation in the intestinal phase, and negligible cytotoxicity or cross-seeding, supporting their safety for food use. From a nutritional perspective, LAF-based hydrogels and protein–polysaccharide complexes show high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release of polyphenols such as resveratrol and gallic acid, enhancing bioactive stability and potential intestinal bioavailability. LAF-containing systems have also been shown to reduce the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in protein-rich foods and adsorb dietary contaminants, while LAF–polysaccharide films can stabilize anthocyanins for visible freshness indication, highlighting applications in nutrient delivery, glycation risk modulation, intelligent packaging, and food safety improvement.

Current evidence indicates that LAFs are structurally stable, digestively compatible, and exhibit minimal cytotoxicity, supporting their feasibility as safe protein-derived biomaterials. Their demonstrated ability to stabilize and sustain the release of dietary polyphenols and antioxidants, reduce glycation-related processing effects, and protect labile bioactives highlights potential nutritional relevance, including improved bioactive availability, modulation of dietary AGE exposure, and preservation of functional food quality. While these findings suggest promising opportunities for future application in specialized nutrition and food-health interfaces, further work is required to clarify in-vivo absorption and metabolic fate, establish standardized toxicological assessment, and define regulatory pathways. Addressing these steps will be essential to determine how LAFs may be effectively translated into nutrient delivery and functional nutrition systems.

Diet is a major determinant of life course outcomes, yet the accurate measurement of an individual’s dietary intake remains a persistent challenge(1). Intake biomarkers measured in urine and blood using advanced analytical tools, have proven to be a robust and objective method of measuring the intake of particular dietary components(2-3). The “Standardised and Objective Dietary Intake Assessment Tool” (SODIAT)-1 study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using a combination of dietary assessment technologies, to accurately measure an individual’s dietary intake(4).

A randomised controlled crossover trial recruited 33 UK adults (Male; 14, Female;19) with a median age of 43 years (IQR; 29, 56), across two sites; University of Reading and Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London. Participants consumed two 4-day controlled diets, one designed to be compliant and one non-compliant with recommended UK dietary guidance. For each 4-day period participants consumed two separate menu plans, on alternating days. Participants collected nine spot urine samples; First Morning Voids on days 1-5 and Bed Time on days 1-4. Fasted capillary blood samples were self-collected by the participants on days 1, 2 and 4 using the OneDraw blood collection system. Urine samples were analysed by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography UHPLC Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry using a panel of previously validated intake biomarkers(2). Dried blood samples were analysed using UHPLC High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for lipid biomarkers of dietary intake. All biomarkers were measured as absolute concentrations. Supervised machine learning (Random Forest) was used to determine the extent of discrimination between study diets. Classification accuracies were calculated as mean values from 1000 randomised resamples.

Supervised models consisting of 83 urinary biomarkers yielded classification accuracies of 0.975 [95% CI; 0.973 - 0.978], the addition of 154 lipid biomarkers from dried blood samples enabled perfect classification; 1.000 [95% CI; 0.999 - 1.000]. Following recursive feature elimination, the model was reduced to a total of 47 biomarkers, with no loss in classification performance. Top ranked features in the optimal model consisted of triacylglycerols (TAG:53_2, TAG:50_2, TAG:49_1) which sufficiently discriminated between dairy and sugar containing components, and urinary markers of the intake of meat (3-Methyl-histidine, L-Anserine), wholegrains (DHPPA-3-Sulfate) and high anti-oxidant containing components (Protocatechuic acid, Hippuric acid).

Biomarkers from spot urine samples and capillary blood samples can provide objective measurements of the intake of dietary components commonly consumed in the UK. Combining urinary and lipid biomarkers into single models, improves performance while extending the coverage of detectable dietary components. These models can serve as a foundation for scalable and objective reporting of dietary intake in free living populations.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) need healthcare economic analyses to support and inform ASP strategies. This work aimed to determine whether widely available artificial intelligence (AI) platforms like Microsoft CopilotTM could facilitate healthcare economics analyses for ASP programs without dedicated healthcare economic supports.

AI (Microsoft CopilotTM) was prompted to develop a cytomegalovirus prophylaxis protocol for lung transplant recipients using only PubMed-indexed articles. CopilotTM was then prompted to produce probabilistic samples of simulated patients from aggregate statistics of a 165-patient cohort from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and to analyze cost-effectiveness across four distinct cytomegalovirus prophylaxis protocols, including its own.

Tertiary care academic medical center, including outpatient and inpatient environments.

Simulated patient data was developed via random, single-blind, probabilistic selection from pre-defined aggregate cohort statistics.

The AI-generated prophylaxis protocol was evidence-based without hallucination, but this conservative protocol relied on outdated evidence and was associated with significant increases in expected per-patient cost (mean +$4740, P < .01) compared to recent guideline-based and institutional protocols. AI independently identified and executed sensitivity analyses, which revealed that in this simplified model, letermovir use had a large impact on expected per-patient cost.

The AI-proposed protocol was less cost-effective, but data suggest that careful prompting can provide appropriate PubMed-indexed literature to support ASP protocol development. Additionally, CoPilotTM provided a thorough cost-effectiveness analysis comparing all potential and existing protocols. With appropriate oversight, AI and Microsoft CopilotTM can conduct healthcare economic analyses suitable for ASP strategic planning and implementation.

Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs) previously known as Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders are common in infancy and encompass the conditions reflux, colic, and constipation(1-3). Among these, reflux is the most prevalent, affecting approximately 30% of infants, followed by colic (20%) and constipation (15%)(3). These conditions frequently co-occur(2). Multiple concurrent DGBIs is associated with increased medical visits and linked to several adverse outcomes, including reduced duration of breastfeeding, lower body weight, increased prescription of medications, slower recovery, and diminished quality of life(2). This study aimed to explore parental perspectives of the diagnosis and management of reflux, colic and constipation in infants aged up to one year.

A sample of 352 parents were recruited via the online parenting platform, Everymum.ie, and completed a 36-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were carried out using IMB SPSS Version 29.

Most participants were female (91%), aged between 25-34 years (56%), and highly educated (78% attended third level education). The proportion of infants reported to have experienced one of the three disorders was 41% and a further 41% reported two, and 18% had experienced all three disorders. Reflux was most common, affecting 73% (n=258), followed by constipation (56%, n=194) and colic (48%, n=171). For reflux (n=258), 40% (n=102) reported receiving no treatment, yet general practitioners (GPs) were the most common to diagnose (36%, n=92). Among those diagnosed by a public health nurse (PHN) (19%, n=50) or who self-diagnosed (27%, n=70), a large proportion reported receiving no treatment (38%, n=19 and 60%, n=42, respectively). In contrast, if treatment was advised, medication was the most common recommendation from GPs and paediatricians (47% (n=43), 49% (n=18), respectively). In cases of constipation (n=194), 56% were self-diagnosed and 37% of those who reported constipation stated no treatment, with 36% selecting “other treatment”, including dietary changes (prunes, increased fibre), additional water, exercises, massages and warm baths. Of those who experienced colic (n=171), 39% were diagnosed by a GP, 31% were self-diagnosed and 21% by a PHN. In general, healthcare professionals (HCPs) and parents did not treat colic. However, if treatment was advised, GPs and PHNs were likely to suggest either a change in formula (31%, n=21 and 36%, n=13, respectively) or medication (30% n=20, 22% n=8 respectively). Whereas those who self-diagnosed used medication more often (32%, n=17) and only 19% (n=10) changed formula.

This study found a high prevalence of the common DGBIs (reflux, colic, and constipation) in infants, with nearly two-thirds of the infants experiencing multiple conditions. Diagnosis and management varied widely, particularly between HCPs and self-diagnosing parents. Despite guidelines recommending nutritional approaches before medication as first-line management, this was not consistently followed by HCPs. Improved awareness and implementation of evidence-based nutritional management is needed to help improve care and reduce family stress.

The role of diet in inflammatory skin conditions is receiving increasing attention(1–3). However, despite mechanistic evidence from pre-clinical studies suggesting that feeding time alters the skin’s circadian clock and its functions(4,5), the role of food intake timing in the etiology and severity of acne has been rarely explored in humans. This study aims to assess the association between timing and frequency of food intake, energy distribution and chrononutritional behavior patterns with lifetime occurrence and severity of acne in adults of a large French cohort.

We used dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic data from 27,411 adults (76% females, 48 years ±14) enrolled in the NutriNet-Santé(6) cohort between 2009 and 2018, who responded to the diet and skin questionnaire in 2018, and filled at least 3 24-H dietary records since inclusion in the study (mean= 23 records ±13). Associations between timing of first and last eating episodes of the day, number of eating occasions, nighttime fasting duration (NFD), eating jetlag, and percentage of energy intake after 5PM, and the odds of lifetime acne were evaluated using multi-adjusted logistic regression models. Associations between chrononutritional behavioral patterns, derived using principal component analysis (PCA), and the odds of lifetime acne were also explored. Multinomial logistic regressions were used in acne severity models, adjusted for key confounders, including diet quality.

In the final sample, 12,903 participants (47.1%) reported experiencing at least one acne episode in their lifetime, and 1,057 reported having a current episode of moderate to severe acne. In fully adjusted models, a later last eating occasion (OR per 1hr-increase = 1.06 (1.02-1.10), P=0.0008), and the number of eating occasions (non-linear association: OR (> 6) vs (0-3) eating occasions = 1.38 (1.20-1.58) <0.0001) were associated with higher odds of lifetime acne. A chrononutritional pattern characterized by a later eating window was associated with higher odds of lifetime acne (OR for 1 SD increase= 1.06 (1.03-1.09) , P <0.0001), while a pattern characterized by prolonged NFD, and early last eating episode was associated with lower odds (OR= 0.94 (0.92-0.97), P<0.0001). In models exploring the severity of current acne episodes, the number of eating occasions was associated with mild (OR=1.08 (1.03-1.13), P = 0.0004), and moderate to severe acne (OR=1.05 (1.01-1.10), P=0.02) compared to those who never had acne.

This study suggests a potential role of time and frequency of eating on acne in adults. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to confirm these associations, and the underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a chalcone flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice), has garnered significant attention for its potential to treat chronic and metabolic disorders due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects(1,2,3). Recent research underscores ISL’s effectiveness in mitigating metabolic disturbances, including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)(4). However, the anti-obesity effects of ISL are still not understood. This study investigated the effects of ISL on adiposity in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), positing that ISL mitigates adiposity by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis via AMPK activation.

Adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=8 each): Control (vehicle), Control + ISL (40 mg/kg), HFD (vehicle), HFD + ISL (20 mg/kg), HFD + ISL (40 mg/kg), and HFD + ISL (40 mg/kg) + Dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg; an AMPK blocker) for 12 weeks. All treatments were given orally by gavage. Dose was optimized based on our preliminary studies. In addition, we have previously shown that oral treatment with 30 mg/kg of ISL attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HFD-fed animals by activating AMPK (Yahya et al., 2024). Other authors also showed that oral treatment with ISL at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg effectively alleviated hyperglycemia and IR type-2 diabetes mellitus by activating AMPK (T2DM) rat model(5).

In a dose-dependent manner, ISL (thrice a week) significantly attenuated the increase in body weight and adipocyte size, improving glucose and insulin tolerance, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR without affecting food intake in HFD rats. Particularly, the higher dose of ISL (40 mg/kg) significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK (+193.3%), resulting in a p-AMPK/AMPK activity ratio increase of 191.0% in the white adipose (WAT) tissue of HFD rats. This also reduced body weight (24.6%), weight gain (28.7), fat deposit weight (-39.2% %), HOMA-IR (-67.62%), and serum triglycerides (-62.4%), cholesterol (56.7%), IL-6 (-66.1%), and TNF-α (-79.5%) in these HFD rats. It also increased p-ACC levels (+86.7%), Nrf2 mRNA Nrf2 (+392.7%), and PPARα mRNA (+255.0%), as well as the levels of HSL (+149.7%) and ATGL (139.62%). ISL (40 mg/kg) also decreased WAT levels of IL-6 (-57.86%), TNF-α (-74.96%), mRNA of SREBP1 (-38/8%), FAS (-50%) & NF-kB (58.8%), and levels of PLIN1 (-50.1) in these HFD rats. Dorsomorphin treatment reversed these effects in ISL + HFD rats.

In conclusion, ISL demonstrates potent anti-obesity effects in HFD-induced rats through AMPK activation.

This study examined the relationship between climate change awareness and belief in disaster preparedness among university students and explored the mediating role of social media use purposes.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 418 university students. Data were collected using validated scales measuring climate change awareness, disaster preparedness belief, and social media use purposes. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and bootstrap-based mediation analysis (PROCESS Macro Model 4) were performed.

Climate change awareness was positively associated with both social media use purposes (r = .322, P < 0.001) and disaster preparedness belief (r = .307, P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that climate change awareness (B = 0.185, P < 0.001) and social media use purposes (B = 0.243, P < 0.001) significantly predicted disaster preparedness belief. Mediation analysis indicated that social media use purposes partially mediated the relationship between climate change awareness and preparedness belief.

Higher climate change awareness was associated with stronger disaster preparedness beliefs among university students. Social media use purposes partially mediate this relationship and function as a complementary digital mechanism linking climate awareness to preparedness beliefs

Workplace nutritional health promotion has the potential to positively influence hard-to-reach population groups(1). Manufacturing employees often work atypical hours, predisposing them to poor cardio-metabolic health, potentially mediated by poor dietary habits(2). This scoping review aimed to(1) map research on workplace nutrition and well-being initiatives delivered to food and beverage manufacturing employees and(2) identify the behaviour change techniques (BCT) used in these interventions.

A scoping review was performed in line with JBI methodology(3). MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO and Web of Science, along with grey literature sources were searched. Only studies reporting a workplace intervention that included a nutrition component were included. Interventions were included if implemented in a manufacturing setting in a high-income country. Publications not in English language or published prior to year 2000 were excluded. Identified studies were screened by two researchers against the inclusion criteria(4). Extracted data included participant characteristics, intervention types, context and study design. Interventions were mapped to one or more of the 93 BCT techniques(5). The review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/PKHGV).

Thirty-five peer-reviewed and 13 case studies were identified as eligible. 54% of published studies were set in the food and beverage manufacturing setting, with the remainder set in “unspecified” manufacturing setting. Studies conducted in Europe or the USA formed 86% of the sample (25% UK), with ethnicity often unspecified (66%). Nutrition education (63%, n=19), environmental modifications (53%, n=16), and health screening (20%, n=6) interventions were most conducted. Only 20% of BCTs were applied, the most frequent being prompts/cues, restructuring the physical environment and behavioural instructions.

The results highlight education, environmental modifications and health screenings as the most common nutrition strategies implemented in workplace health interventions in manufacturing settings. This reflects a dual focus on individual and organisational level of influence. A narrow range of BCTs were employed, suggesting a need for broader integration. The lack of reporting on participant ethnicity makes it difficult to assess the incorporation of cultural consideration in intervention design. Evidence on nutrition and wellbeing interventions in UK manufacturing is limited. To advance understanding of workplace interventions in hard-to-reach population groups, a broader range of BCT applications should be explored.

Consumption of red and processed meat makes an important contribution to protein and micronutrient intakes in UK adults(1) but can also be associated with adverse health and environmental outcomes(2). Fish provides high-quality protein and at-risk nutrients including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins and iodine(3), and also has a lower carbon footprint compared to red meat(3), and thus may be a potential alternative protein food in the shift towards more sustainable dietary patterns. The implications for key nutrient intakes, however, of replacing meat with fish at a population level remain unclear. This study aimed to model the nutritional impact of partial or complete replacement of meat with fish in UK adults

Dietary data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Years 9-11; 2016/17-2018/19) (n=1912; ≥18) were analysed. A dietary model scenario was developed to simulate partial (25%, 50%, 75%) to complete (100%) replacement of meat intake with fish (including that from composite dishes). Average daily intakes of protein (g), omega-3 (g), vitamins D (µg), B6 (mg), B12 (µg), selenium (µg), iron (mg) and iodine (µg) were identified as targeted nutrients. Diet modelling was conducted using Dadiet© (Dazult, V.24.09). Modelled diet scenarios were compared with current consumption (baseline) for targeted nutrients using ANOVA, with post hoc tests (SPSS, v.31)

All targeted nutrient intakes showed incremental changes from baseline across the levels of meat-to-fish substitution. Protein and vitamin B6 intakes each declined marginally, but significantly, from 72±23 to 65±22 g/d (−9%; p<0.001) and from 1.7±0.9 to 1.6±0.8 mg/d (−6%; p=0.001), respectively, from baseline to 100% substitution of meat-to-fish. In contrast, simulated intakes of all other nutrients increased by 4-64% from baseline to 100% meat-to-fish substitution: omega-3 (2.0±1.1 to 2.6±1.2 g/d, +30%, p<0.001); vitamin D (3.0±2.3 to 4.4±2.6 µg/d, +47%, p<0.001); vitamin B12 (5.0±3.9 to 8.2±4.7 µg/d, +64%, p<0.001); selenium (47±22 to 65±29 µg/d, +38%, p<0.001); iron (9.9±3.7 to 10.3±3.7, +4%, p=0.014) and iodine (155±102 to 196±107 µg/d, +26%, p<0.001). Notably, the significant improvements in simulated intakes of omega-3, vitamin B12, vitamin D, selenium and iodine were observed with only a 25% meat-to-fish substitution, and increased incrementally across each modelling scenario to 100% replacement.

Based on current consumption patterns among UK adults, replacing as little as 25% of total meat intake with fish has the potential to improve nutrient intakes, particularly those of current public health concern (such as vitamins D, B12 and iodine). Translating this into simple consumer messaging, e.g. ‘swap 1-2 meat-based meals for fish every week’ could be an effective strategy to help consumers move towards a healthier, more sustainable diet. Future research is warranted to explore similar modelling scenarios in at-risk sub-groups, including women of childbearing age and older adults.