The study of bi- and multilingualism in the ancient Mediterranean has come into its own in recent decades. The evidence is far greater for the Hellenistic and Roman periods than the Classical, so naturally scholarly attention has focussed less on the earlier era. This has led to some enduring notions about bilingualism in the fifth century b.c.e. which are yet to be fully scrutinized, including the idea that a Greek's speaking another tongue was inherently transgressive. What did it mean for a Greek to speak a second language? This article re-evaluates the evidence for individual bilingualism in Herodotus and Thucydides in their fifth-century context, focussed on our two best-documented examples of bilingual Greek individuals (Histiaeus of Miletus and Themistocles of Athens). Close reading of Herodotus and Thucydides suggests that not only does the notion of an inherently transgressive bilingualism hold little water for this period, but bilingualism may even be a sign of μῆτις.

This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with five replicates, each consisting of five quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P > 0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P < 0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P < 0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P < 0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.

We investigate different geometrical properties, related to Carleson measures and pseudo-hyperbolic separation, of inhomogeneous Poisson point processes on the unit disk. In particular, we give conditions so that these random sequences are almost surely interpolating for the Hardy, Bloch or weighted Dirichlet spaces.

What are the matters of philosophy? How do they shape how philosophy is practiced, what kinds of knowledge it produces, and who counts as a philosopher? The dominant matters of Western philosophy, or its epistemic companions, are books and journal articles even when dialogic and oral traditions are acknowledged or referenced. In this paper, we argue that alternatives would be necessary if philosophy were to be a more capacious and welcoming discipline. We introduce Feminist Philosophical Toys as one such alternative that challenges what counts as serious philosophy by being seriously playful. The toys foreground the oral and the dialogic while reflecting on and committing to engaging materiality, record-keeping, and record-making. In doing so, the toys challenge the dominant form of philosophy and its mechanics of knowledge-making as they offer an alternative way of doing philosophy that can be transformative for the next generation of feminist scholarship. The dialogic, embodied, and communal interaction with paper, with theory, and with others is meant as a practice of live theorization, opening philosophy to a new groundedness and accessibility, centered in the ethos of feminist epistemology, while at the same time pushing against fetishization of matter.

The Wills Act 1971 and the Intestate Succession Act 1985 embody commorientes rules that are inconsistent, unfair to one of the deceased persons and arguably undermine the expectations of Ghanaians. While the former presumes that a testator predeceases a beneficiary, the latter presumes that the older spouse died before the younger. Though these presumptions are essential for establishing entitlement to property, it would seem that they work to the advantage of one of the parties and to the detriment of the other. Accordingly, the commorientes rules must be modified to include presumptions that are equitable and consistent with the socio-cultural expectations of Ghanaians. This can be achieved by resorting primarily to expectations regarding succession at customary law.

The results of radiocarbon variation studies observed in annual tree rings from the NW Pacific (USA Northwest) (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993) and Europe (England, Brehm et al. 2021; Slovakia, Povinec 1977, 1987) are reviewed with the aim of better understanding the 11-year radiocarbon cycle and possible impacts of solar proton events on 14C levels in the atmosphere and biosphere. The average Δ14C amplitude in tree rings for the period of 1798–1944 was 1.3 ± 0.3‰, the average periodicity was 11 ± 1 years, and the average time shift between the sunspot numbers and Δ14C records was 3 ± 1 years. A new solar activity minimum (Gleissberg minimum, 1878–1933) has been identified in the Δ14C data sets from the NW Pacific and England, showing Δ14C excess of 7‰, comparable to the Dalton minimum (1797–1823). No significant changes in Δ14C levels were identified that could be associated with solar proton events during 1800–1950.

Rhet. Her. 1.2 quoad eius fieri poterit contains the surprising reading quoad eius. Earlier scholarship has debated the authenticity of this reading and its relationship to quod eius. A survey of the sources shows that quod eius appears in a number of inscriptions as well as in the transmitted text of nine passages within surviving Latin literature. So that phrase must be authentic; it appears to have arisen as a limiting formula in the language of the law. In two other passages, quoad eius appears in inferior manuscripts that lack authority, while the reading transmitted by authoritative textual sources is quod eius. Rhet. Her. 1.2 is the only passage in which quoad eius is the transmitted reading. This phrase is also linguistically problematic. Hence it is very likely to be corrupt. It probably arose as a conflation of quod eius with quoad, both of which are attested in similar contexts. On balance, it seems more likely that the original reading in this passage was quoad.

The rheological properties of three Na-activated, trioctahedral Mg-bentonites (hectorite clay from the CMS Source Clay Project repository, saponite clay from Spain and stevensite clay from Rhassoul, Morocco) and a sepiolite clay from Greece were examined after dynamic ageing at temperatures up to 230°C. The 5% w/v suspensions were prepared by dispersing the clay mineral samples in distilled water. The suspensions underwent dynamic, thermal ageing for 16 h before determination of the viscosity, filtration loss, filter cake thickness and pH and the concentration of dissolved Na+ and Mg2+. Thermal ageing contributed to the dispersion of clay particles, with a direct effect on plastic and apparent viscosity, introducing pseudoplastic behaviour. With the exception of the stevensite clay at 230°C that displayed limited dissolution at 230°C and partial conversion to kerolite, the clays were stable at high temperatures. The Na-activation of all clays except for stevensite was not adversely affected by thermal ageing. Thermal ageing of stevensite at 230°C facilitated Na exchange and yielded suspension with high viscosity and low filtrate loss. Only the suspensions of hectorite and those of stevensite aged at 230°C met with American Petroleum Institute specifications. The thermal behaviour and rheological properties of the clays might be interpreted according to the intrinsic properties of the clay minerals, such as layer charge and charge distribution.

This paper deals with the following quasilinear chemotaxis system with consumption of chemoattractant

\[ \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} u_t=\Delta u^{m}-\nabla\cdot(u\nabla v),\quad & x\in \Omega,\quad t>0,\\ v_t=\Delta v-uv,\quad & x\in \Omega,\quad t>0\\ \end{array}\right. \]

$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N(N=3,\,4,\,5)$

$\partial \Omega$

$m>\max \{1,\,\frac {3N-2}{2N+2}\}$

$(\bar {u}_0,\,0)$

$t\rightarrow \infty$

$\bar {u}_0=\frac {1}{|\Omega |}\int _\Omega u_0$

$m>\frac {3N-2}{2N}$

$N\geq 3$

$m>\frac {3N}{2N+2}$

$N\geq 2$

This research focuses on the dissidence of Michif French, an endangered variety of Laurentian French spoken by a number of Métis in Western Canada. We examine the vernacular use of [tʊt] (tout/tous ‘all, every’) in a corpus of around 50 interviews collected in the Métis community of St. Laurent, Manitoba, in the 1980s. On the one hand, the internal analysis supports the hypothesis that it is related to the other varieties of Laurentian French. On the other hand, the external data reveal that [tʊt] is widely used, confirming the highly vernacular character of Michif French compared to the other varieties. Finally, the analysis of several interview extracts illustrates that the intensive use of vernacular variants acts as an identity marker, enabling speakers to lay claim not only to their culture, but also to a language they consider distinct from that of other French speakers.

In this paper, we consider the existence and limiting behaviour of solutions to a semilinear elliptic equation arising from confined plasma problem in dimension two

\[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u=\lambda k(x)f(u) & \text{in}\ D,\\ u= c & \displaystyle\text{on}\ \partial D,\\ \displaystyle - \int_{\partial D} \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\,{\rm d}s=I, \end{cases} \]

$D\subseteq \mathbb {R}^2$

$\nu$

$\partial D$

$\lambda$

$I$

$c$

$f$

$k$

$\Gamma (x)=({1}/{2})h(x,\,x)- ({1}/{8\pi })\ln k(x)$

$\lambda \to +\infty$

$h(x,\,x)$

$-\Delta$

$D$

$f$

$k$

$k$

$measure$

This paper motivates institutional epistemic trust as an important ethical consideration informing the responsible development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (or AI-inclusivity) in healthcare. Drawing on recent literature on epistemic trust and public trust in science, we start by examining the conditions under which we can have institutional epistemic trust in AI-inclusive healthcare systems and their members as providers of medical information and advice. In particular, we discuss that institutional epistemic trust in AI-inclusive healthcare depends, in part, on the reliability of AI-inclusive medical practices and programs, its knowledge and understanding among different stakeholders involved, its effect on epistemic and communicative duties and burdens on medical professionals and, finally, its interaction and alignment with the public’s ethical values and interests as well as background sociopolitical conditions against which AI-inclusive healthcare systems are embedded. To assess the applicability of these conditions, we explore a recent proposal for AI-inclusivity within the Dutch Newborn Screening Program. In doing so, we illustrate the importance, scope, and potential challenges of fostering and maintaining institutional epistemic trust in a context where generating, assessing, and providing reliable and timely screening results for genetic risk is of high priority. Finally, to motivate the general relevance of our discussion and case study, we end with suggestions for strategies, interventions, and measures for AI-inclusivity in healthcare more widely.