During the years 2005-2018, the US Public Health Service (PHS) deployed teams, known as Rapid Deployment Forces (RDF), as a component of disaster response. One component of the disaster response was for a PHS RDF to establish a Federal Medical Station and work with other federal and civilian partners to provide health care to individuals with chronic medical conditions that routinely required additional support for activities of daily living. These individuals were usually housed in private residences or residential facilities and were displaced by the disaster. The operational model was to gather the target population in a temporary facility, assess the needs of each individual and accompanying caretakers, provide health care and social support, and plan a discharge to either an intermediate facility or return to their original residence, if conditions became appropriate. RDF PHS-1 developed approaches for assessment, tracking, planning, resource utilization, and decision making that were field tested, refined them, and then validated their utility. The experience is shared here to inform other disaster responders who may encounter similar displaced populations and circumstances.

This article presents germanium telluride (GeTe)-based switches for radiofrequency (RF) applications, capable of reversible switching between their ON and OFF states through optical activation by irradiation. Unlike previous studies, the transition is induced by infrared laser pulses at a wavelength of λ = 915 nm, which is highly promising for future integration of laser sources and the proposal of fully integrated optical activation of phase change material (PCM) switches. This represents a novel approach compared to the existing literature, which primarily focuses on the ultra-violet spectrum, less suitable for on-chip optical integration. Our work also provides combined optical and thermal simulations to elucidate the challenges associated with actuating small PCM switches and demonstrates the effectiveness of PCMs at this wavelength. The study achieves bistable switching at high frequencies up to 40 GHz, with a figure of merit of 31.5 fs, despite the low GeTe conductivity of only 1.85·105 S/m. Additionally, significant advancements over the literature have been made by surpassing 30,000 cycles with optical actuation.

For organisations, change is becoming a necessity to adapt to the demands of an ever-shifting external environment. In such an environment, conflicting forces create frictions that organisations must address. This study explores the mechanisms through which organisations activate the path towards strategic agility. A single case study approach is used to develop a framework that traces the path to strategic agility in the context of paradoxical tensions. The work shows that strategic agility is the result of four action dimensions that involve values, decision-making processes, knowledge and data management, and of the interconnection of internal and external structures. Instead of eliminating tensions, strategic agility enables organisations to dynamically navigate them. Our work provides organisations with a useful framework for dealing with paradoxes in order to maintain performance in challenging contexts.

This paper shows how Hegel’s philosophy of psychiatry was established within the framework of the unitary psychosis (Einheitspsychose). This psychiatric position considered that there was only one single mental illness with several distinct species. Due to some editions of Hegel’s works, this interpretative framework is often omitted. However, in this paper it is considered to be the key interpretative framework for understanding Hegel’s psychic nosography and therapeutic approach.

Scholarship on minorities in the inter-war period have largely ignored the Flemish question. One obvious reason is that the Flemish accounted for a majority of Belgium’s population. This article, however, argues that the domestic and international historiography would benefit from considering the Flemish a minority, albeit a peculiar one. I suggest that the Flemish question embodies the contradictions of an age in which the nationality question ‘morphed into the minority question’ (as Holly Case has pointed out) without disappearing altogether. The article traces the evolution of different understandings of Flanders in the Belgo-Dutch-German transnational space and shows how such understandings challenge traditional conceptions of minorities, majorities, nationalities and kin states. The article further contributes to a broader shift in historiographies of nationalism and diversity in inter-war Europe by moving focus from East to West and considering minority questions as a pan-European phenomenon.

This research introduces a cutting-edge approach to glucose monitoring, which is essential in many applications. The study developed a new non-invasive glucose monitoring system utilizing machine learning techniques. This system examines the reflection coefficient data gathered from glucose solutions using a Vector Network Analyzer. To showcase the system’s accuracy in predicting glucose levels, two distinct datasets were employed. The first dataset comprised glucose solutions with concentrations spanning from 0 to 200 g/L, while the second dataset included solutions ranging from 15 000 to 20 000 mg/L for enhanced precision. The system measured both datasets, and three machine learning algorithms – Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Regression – were applied to the collected data. Furthermore, a grid search method was employed to optimize the hyperparameters for each model’s optimal performance. The findings revealed that the Random Forest yielded the best results across both datasets. For gram scale, the R2 value was 0.9995, indicating that 99.95% of the glucose level variance was accounted for, with a low RMSE of 1.1589 mg/dL. Moreover, in milligram scale dataset, the R2 value was 0.9932, and RMSE was 1.1119 mg/dL, confirming the model’s high accuracy. These experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively predict glucose levels.

Selecting appropriate texts for second language (L2) learners is essential for effective education. However, current text difficulty models often inadequately classify materials for L2 learners by proficiency levels. This study addresses this deficiency by employing the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) as its foundational framework. A cohort of expert English-L2 educators classified 1,181 texts from the CommonLit Ease of Readability corpus into CEFR levels. A random forest model was then trained using 24 linguistic complexity features to predict the CEFR levels of English texts for L2 learners. The model achieved 62.6% exact-level accuracy across the six granular CEFR levels and 82.6% across the three overarching levels, outperforming a baseline model based on three existing readability formulas. Additionally, it identified shared and unique linguistic features across different CEFR levels, highlighting the necessity to adjust text classification models to accommodate the distinct linguistic profiles of low- and high-proficiency readers.

Throughout the history of philosophy, numerous philosophers have formulated theories about the connection between law and freedom. However, few have suggested that freedom and love are inherently connected. According to Hegel, the family and marriage represent the initial tangible manifestation of freedom, embodied in ethical and self-conscious love. This contentious thesis pertains to Hegel’s endorsement of the modern bourgeois family and his assertion regarding a compulsory and heteronormative conception of conjugal love. I analyse Hegel’s family theory in what follows, emphasizing the marital relationship as delineated in Outlines of the Philosophy of Right. I examine the significance and ramifications of his dismissal of the marriage contract to illustrate how this creates a paradox. I propose an alternative interpretation of these passages by emphasizing the relationship between love and law within marital relations. I advocate the importance of law within the family and demonstrate its significance to marriage. I assert that Hegel’s understanding of the family, especially regarding marriage, highlights the tensions present in the complex relationship between the legal aspect of marriage as a contract and the ethical aspect rooted in self-conscious love. To achieve this, I firstly reconstruct Hegel’s conception of the family and explore his understanding of marriage as sexual drive, desire, passion and contract. Secondly, I explore Hegel’s notion of ethical and self-conscious love, examining the relationship between law and love to reveal the paradox of marriage. Third, I discuss Hegel’s views on divorce and marriage settlements to demonstrate why marriage cannot overcome the contract. Finally, I discuss why Hegel’s response to the issues he identifies in the theories of his contemporaries is inadequate and how marriage and conjugal love threaten freedom. My claim is that marriage entails a paradoxical relationship between love and law, which calls into question the suitability of marriage to realize freedom.

What role does racial/ethnic diversity in the American states play in racialized partisan and partisan-ideological sorting? We expand the commonly employed empirical frame of Whites’ partisan and partisan-ideological reactions to minority groups at the national level by leveraging the variation in racial/ethnic populations in the American states and accounting for both out-group and in-group size across White, Black, Latino, and Asian respondents. Using the pooled 2012–22 Congressional Election Study, the results demonstrate that Whites tend toward Republican orientations in states with larger Black and Foreign-Born populations and display stronger partisan-ideological sorting in more diverse states with large Black, Latino, or Asian populations. The analyses also reveal that partisan-ideological sorting is asymmetrical along both racial and partisan identities. White partisan-ideological sorting across state racial/ethnic contexts is driven by both Republican and Democratic identifiers, while Black, Latino, and Asian respondents show few signs of elasticity to state context in partisan identity or partisan-ideological sorting. The asymmetries in both PID and partisan-ideological alignment lead to larger racial/ethnic gaps in attachment and alignment in more diverse state contexts. These are well-understood conditions for greater partisan and factional conflict and polarized party and electoral politics.

Recently, several philosophers and physicists have increasingly noticed the hegemony of unitarity in the black hole information loss discourse and are challenging its legitimacy in the face of the measurement problem. They proclaim that embracing non-unitarity solves two paradoxes for the price of one. Though I share their distaste over the philosophical bias, I disagree with their strategy of still privileging certain interpretations of quantum theory. I argue that information-restoring solutions can be interpretation-neutral because the manifestation of non-unitarity in Hawking’s original derivation is unrelated to what’s found in collapse theories or generalized stochastic approaches, thereby decoupling the two puzzles.

The *Rui Liangfu bi, a previously unattested Warring States manuscript held by Tsinghua University, purports to record two admonitory songs that Rui Liangfu (fl. ninth century bce) presented to King Li (r. 853/57–841 bce) and his derelict ministers at court. The genre identity of the manuscript text is contested, owing in part to two similar texts, a shi-poem preserved in the Odes and a shu-document in the Yi Zhou shu, also traditionally interpreted as Rui Liangfu’s speech at the same event. Although none of the three texts share anything literatim with one another, they all rhyme and cleave closely to a well-known legend. Proceeding from complete translation of the manuscript text, I show that it diverges significantly from the canonical categories thus far used to classify it, with regard to both prosody and theme. Moreover, a structural analysis reveals that the manuscript’s paratextual encapsulation demonstrates an early precedent for the explicit, historical contextualization of songs that became pervasive in the Mao Odes. On the basis of structure, the manuscript can also be classed with a set of verse collections known only in manuscript form, save for one “forgery” preserved in the ancient-script Documents.

In this paper, we consider the normalized ground state solutions for the following biharmonic Choquard type problem

\begin{align*}\begin{split}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\Delta^2u-\beta\Delta u=\lambda u+(I_\mu*F(u))f(u),\quad\mbox{in}\ \ \mathbb{R}^4, \\\displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}^4}|u|^2dx=c^2,\quad u\in H^2(\mathbb{R}^4),\\\end{array}\right.\end{split}\end{align*}

where $\beta\geq0$, c > 0, $\lambda\in \mathbb{R}$, $I_\mu=\frac{1}{|x|^\mu}$ with $\mu\in (0,4)$, F(u) is the primitive function of f(u), and f is a continuous function with exponential critical growth in the sense of the Adams inequality. By using a minimax principle based on the homotopy stable family, we obtain that the above problem admits at least one normalized ground state solution.