Measles (rubeola) caused by measles virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted via respiratory droplets or can spread via sneezing or coughing of an infected person. In January 2025, two cases of measles associated with international travel seen in unvaccinated individuals of Harris County were reported by the Houston Health Department. This disease which was once declared eradicated from United States (US) in the year 2000, unfortunately has affected a total of 607 cases since January 2025, across the US, with highest number of cases recorded in Texas. Majority of the cases are witnessed in the paediatric population, especially the ones who are unvaccinated or have an uncertain vaccination history. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy is an important barrier in achieving measles eradication, and it is more imperative than ever to address this issue in a timely manner. There is an urgent need of virus containment measures to be taken by public health authorities to curb its spread, specifically by reinforcing the importance and safety of vaccinations, debunking myths and educating parents that the recommended two doses of vaccination not only serve as a safety net for their child but also for the community as a whole.

This article studies estimation and inference in the autoregressive (AR) models with unspecified and heavy-tailed heteroskedastic noises. A piece-wise locally stationary structure of the noise is constructed to capture various forms of heterogeneity, without imposing any restrictions on the tail index. The new nonstationary AR model allows for not only time-varying conditional features but also unconditional variance and tail index. This makes it appealing in practice, with wide applications in economics and finance. To obtain a feasible inference, we investigate the self-weighted least absolute deviation estimator and derive its asymptotic normality. Since the asymptotic variance relies on an unobserved density, a bootstrap method is proposed to approximate the limiting distribution. Based on the conditional moment condition, a portmanteau test from residuals is further proposed to detect misspecifications in the proposed model. A simulation study and two applications to time series illustrate our inference procedures.

This paper presents a compact, dual-polarized, 32-element, 47 GHz phased array transceiver, fabricated in 55 nm CMOS technology with antenna in package (AiP) technology for 5G communications. The proposed transceiver employs an intermediate frequency (IF) phase-shifting architecture and a facing-up (FU) configuration AiP. The IF phase shifting is realized using a bidirectional IF vector sum phase shifter and IQ mixer with drain bias, achieves less than 1° phase resolution, with rms phase error of 0.047° and rms amplitude error of 0.063 dB. The output third-order intercept point is above +1.0 dBm with Txconversion gain of more than 16.5 dB over the radio frequency ranges from 46 to 49 GHz. To reduce heat concentration from the high integrated phased-array transceiver, a FU AiP-fan-out wafer-level packaging utilizes solder balls mounted on the package as a heat spreader, resulting in a thermal resistance of less than 0.3 K/W. The finalized AiP size is only 12.3 mm × 14.9 mm. Regarding the over-the-air measurement, the proposed transmitter can deliver an equivalent isotropic radiated power of 30.7 dBm with single polarization and demonstrates transmitter error vector magnitude less than 3.9% under 5G NR modulation scheme (256QAM, 100 MHz bandwidth).

In this article, we investigate a free boundary problem for the Lotka–Volterra model consisting of an invasive species with density u and a native species with density v in one dimension. We assume that v undergoes diffusion and growth in $[0,+\infty )$, and u invades into the environment with spreading front $x=h(t)$ satisfying free boundary condition $h'(t)=-u_x(t,h(t))-\alpha $ for some decay rate $\alpha>0$, this is caused by the bad environment at the boundary. When u is an inferior competitor, $u(t,x)$ and $h(t)$ tend to 0 within a finite time, while another specie $v(t,x)$ tends to a stationary $\Lambda (x)$ defined on the half-line. When u is a superior competitor, we have a trichotomy result: spreading of u and vanishing of v (i.e., as $t \to +\infty $, $h(t)$ goes to $+\infty $ and $(u,v)\to (\Lambda ,0)$); the transition case (i.e., as $t \to +\infty $, $(u,v)\to (w_\alpha , \eta _\alpha )$, $h(t)$ tends to a finite point); vanishing of u and spreading of v (i.e., $u(t,x)$ and $h(t)$ tends to 0 within a finite time, $v(t,x)$ converges to $\Lambda (x)$). Additionally, we show that this trichotomy result depends on the initial data $u(0,x)$.

Although many studies have demonstrated associations between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems that may be moderated by genes, it remains unclear whether these links also apply to the within-person level. The present study investigated within-person associations between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as the moderating effect of between-person differences in the FKBP5 gene. A total of 915 Chinese youth (43.9% girls; Mage = 10.34 years, SD = 0.94) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with six-month intervals. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to test the hypothesized moderation effects, enabling the examination of time-invariant moderators and the between × within interaction. Results revealed that peer victimization was bidirectionally associated with internalizing and externalizing problems at the within-person level. The FKBP5 gene moderated the within-person pathways from peer victimization to both internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings suggest that individuals with greater genetic susceptibility were more likely to develop internalizing and externalizing symptoms in response to peer victimization. These results highlight gene-environment interactions at the within-person level and underscore the importance of tailored interventions aimed at preventing internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents.

This study examines the impact of organizational gossip on workplace outcomes, including affective organizational commitment, loneliness, and turnover intention, with a focus on differences between the public and private sectors. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative and quantitative data from surveys conducted with Turkish citizen partners and in-depth interviews with employees in both sectors. The findings reveal that positive gossip enhances social bonds and commitment, while negative gossip leads to loneliness and increased turnover intention, especially in the private sector where job insecurity is higher. The study introduces an integrated framework linking gossip dynamics to organizational processes. Practical implications suggest that managers should address negative gossip while promoting positive gossip to strengthen workplace relationships. This study highlights the dual role of gossip in shaping employee experiences and retention strategies.

Carissa Véliz (2021) soutient que pour être un agent moral, une entité (comme un système algorithmique) doit nécessairement être sentiente. En prenant l’exemple d’une forme d’agentivité sans conscience phénoménale et donc sans sentience, je conteste cette thèse. En effet, certains groupes humains peuvent être considérés comme des agents intentionnels non réductibles aux individus particuliers qui les composent. En m’appuyant sur l’interprétativisme proposé par Uriah Kriegel (2011) et John Haugeland (1990), ainsi que sur la posture intentionnelle (intentional stance) de Daniel Dennett (1987), je montre que l’intentionnalité est une condition suffisante pour parler d’agentivité morale et que, contrairement à ce qu’affirme Véliz, il peut donc y avoir des agents moraux qui ne sont pas sentients.

Given a presilting object in a triangulated category, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a complement. This is done both for classic (pre)silting objects and for large (pre)silting objects. The key technique is the study of associated co-t-structures. As a consequence of our techniques we recover some known cases of the existence of complements, including for derived categories of some hereditary abelian categories and for silting-discrete algebras. Moreover, we also show that a finite-dimensional algebra is silting discrete if and only if every bounded large silting complex is equivalent to a compact one.

This study investigates two clayey facies from the Bomkoul area in the littoral region of Cameroon for their suitability as fired clay building products. The field study consisted of a geological survey and a geotechnical mission (G0). Assessment of the raw clayey materials included their mineralogy, particle size, determination of Atterberg limits, density and shear stress. Firing properties (shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength) at 900−1100°C were also determined. The two main facies observed in the field are the mottled red/yellow grey clays from surface ‘A’ with a thickness of 2.0–2.5 m and the deep blackish fossiliferous schisteous grey clays ‘B’ with a thickness of 8−10 m. Estimation based on boreholes revealed a minimum of 1,400,000 tons of clayey materials. These reserves will supply a small brick-manufacturing unit for a minimum period of 25 years at an extraction rate of 50,000 tons per year. The main clay minerals of both samples are kaolinite (35% and 49%) and illite (1–11%). Both samples contain quartz (47% and 49%) as non-clay minerals, associated with a small amount of anatase (0.5–2.6%) and trace hematite (<1%). The major oxides are SiO2 (71–76%) and Al2O3 (14%). The raw clayey material ‘A’ was finer and more plastic than the ‘B’ facies. The technological properties of the fired bricks obtained from the ‘A’ facies showed greater potential than the ‘B’ facies in terms of sonority and flexural strength. A mixture made of 40% ‘A’ and 60% ‘B’ yielded satisfactory brick properties at 1050°C.

This article considers a general class of varying coefficient models defined by a set of moment equalities and/or inequalities, where unknown functional parameters are not necessarily point-identified. We propose an inferential procedure for a subvector of the varying parameters and establish the asymptotic validity of the resulting confidence sets uniformly over a broad family of data-generating processes. We also propose a practical specification test for a set of necessary conditions of our model. Monte Carlo studies show that the proposed methods have good finite sample properties. We apply our method to estimate the return to education in China using its 1%-population census data from 2005.

The Bray–Liebhafsky reaction is one of many intricate chemical systems that is known to exhibit periodic behaviour. Although the underlying chemistry is somewhat complicated and involves at least ten chemical species, in a recent work we suggested a reduced two-component model of the reaction involving the concentrations of iodine and iodous acid. Although it is drastically simplified, this reduced system retains enough structure so as to exhibit many of the oscillatory characteristics seen in experimental analyses. Here, we consider the possibility of spatial patterning in a nonuniformly mixed solution. Since many practical demonstrations of chemical oscillations are undertaken using circular containers such as beakers or Petri dishes, we develop both linearized and nonlinear pattern solutions in terms of cylindrical coordinates. These results are complemented by an analysis of the patterning that might be possible within a rectangular domain. The simulations give compelling evidence that spatial patterning may well be feasible in the Bray–Liebhafsky process.

We introduce the mean topological dimension of random bundle transformations associated with an infinite countable discrete amenable group action and show that continuous bundle random dynamical systems for amenable groups with finite fibre topological entropy have zero mean topological dimensions.

World heritage has become UNESCO’s flagship programme, and it is a site of active state engagement. At the crux of that engagement is the prestigious World Heritage List. This engagement is regularly analysed as pursuits of national prestige. In this article, I advance a Bourdieusian analysis of world heritage as a field that generates international cultural prestige. I identify humanity as the field’s doxa that allows for a vertical separation and the generation of more-than-national cultural value. I show how states’ desire for this prestige jeopardised the field’s autonomy at a critical juncture in 2010 and analyse the field’s aftermath as involving fraught attempts by states to discursively reconstruct the field’s vertical and functional separations in the quest for international cultural prestige. This reconstruction involves nothing less than reinterpreting humanity as the community-of-states, pointing at once to humanity’s indispensability for more-than-national value and undermining its ability to generate that value.