This article examines Sanctus melodies from the tenth and eleventh centuries with special attention to the division of the first verbal phrase. The melodies with circulation in all regions of the Roman rite fall into two groups, an earlier one with ternary division and a later one with binary division. This picture is further enriched by the analysis of melodies connected in some way with these widespread melodies, by the simple melodies of the Sundays and weekdays and by an overview over northern French melodies of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

This introduction to the Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era’s special issue, “New Approaches to Music and Sound,” provides a historical sketch of American music and the American soundscape at the turn of the twentieth century. It also offers a discussion of relevant historiography, taking stock of recent work in sound studies and its influence on research on music and sound of the period. Finally, it introduces the four research articles featured in this special issue and marks their contributions to our understandings of listening practices, normative understandings of audition and speech, and the sonic dimensions of politics and capitalism, race and national identity, imaginings of the past and visions for the future in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

An E-band Cassegrain switched beam high-gain antenna concept for 5G backhauling systems is proposed in this article. The antenna requirements target the compensation of small misalignments (within ±1 degrees in both azimuth and elevation planes) in E-band backhauling links due to adverse weather conditions or thermal deformations. The intended antenna is able to realize beam-switching operations by using a feed-array architecture based on a 7 × 7 array of cavity-backed magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles, where every element is capable of providing a steering of ±0.33 degrees in both the elevation and the azimuth planes. The ME dipole illuminators combined with a Cassegrain reflector provide a gain of 52 dBi within the whole scanning range. Besides, they can be easily integrable with the front-end modules, thus being an easily implementable and low-cost alternative to other more complex solutions based on horns or lens antennas.

It is a characteristic of platform capitalism that struggles to re-embed digital platform work within institutionalised forms of employment have been set in motion by new labour actors (i.e. self-organised, grassroots unions). Contrary to the view that these new actors signify the decades-long decline of traditional unions, evidence increasingly highlights their continued relevance to the labour–capital relations of platform capitalism. We argue that dynamic interactions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ labour actors in platform capitalism are influenced by national union traditions that emerge more vividly when struggles to re-embed labour relations require the transition to more institutionalised forms of labour resistance. We develop this argument based on a longitudinal qualitative study of labour struggles in the food delivery sector in the city of Bologna, Italy. We pay particular attention to the dynamics of intra-labour actor relations that have unfolded in the sector across different temporally based events of contention in the city. As we illustrate, synergies between the two were prompted by the self-organised workers’ need to rely on partners with an ‘official’ status when re-embedding procedures required; yet, collaboration was also favoured by what we describe as a ‘posture of respect’ developed by the traditional union vis-à-vis the self-organised informal union, particularly with regard to their quest for autonomy from traditional union structures. We interpret this approach of the established labour actor in line with its traditional orientation as ‘class’ actor, whose actions look beyond the membership so as to expand solidarity to all workers, including in new productive (platform) sectors.

A newly developed compact AMS, LEA (Low Energy Accelerator), is tested and compared with a state-of-the-art AMS system MICADAS (Mini Carbon Dating System), which has a precision performance of better than 1‰ for modern 14C. The main difference between these two systems is the acceleration voltage, which has been reduced from 200 kV with the MICADAS system to 50 kV with the LEA system. In order to execute the final performance tests, exactly same samples (2 sets consisting of 7 standards, 4 blanks, 26 wood samples) are measured on both systems successively. The results show that the LEA system is fully operational, and the performance is entirely comparable with that of the MICADAS system.

This paper embeds the early political economy of Friedrich August von Hayek in the intellectual milieu of German ordoliberalism. The urgency during the 1930s and 1940s to stabilize the disintegrating societal orders is identified as a crucial driver behind the parallelisms between Hayek and the ordoliberals. Their shared theoretical position is that in such moments, liberty can thrive sustainably only after a framework of general and stable rules has been established. Hayek’s proximity to ordoliberalism was most explicitly discernible in The Road to Serfdom and at the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society in 1947, culminating in the shared politico-economic vision of the competitive order. The contextual nature of Hayek’s ordoliberalism surfaced in the years after The Constitution of Liberty when his focus shifted, along with the postwar intellectual and institutional stabilization of the West: from how stable orders enable liberty, to how liberty enables the evolution of orders.