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Reflective thinking often predicts less belief in God or less religiosity – so-called analytic atheism. However, those correlations involve limitations: widely used tests of reflection confound reflection with ancillary abilities such as numeracy; some studies do not detect analytic atheism in every country; experimentally encouraging reflection makes some non-believers more open to believing in God; and one of the most common online research participant pools seems to produce lower data quality. So analytic atheism may be less than universal or partially explained by confounding factors. To test this, we developed better measures, controlled for more confounds, and employed more recruitment methods. All four studies detected signs of analytic atheism above and beyond confounds (N > 70,000 people from five of six continental regions). We also discovered analytic apostasy: the better a person performed on reflection tests, the greater their odds of losing their religion since childhood – even when controlling for confounds. Analytic apostasy even seemed to explain analytic atheism: apostates were more reflective than others and analytic atheism was undetected after excluding apostates. Religious conversion was rare and unrelated to reflection, suggesting reflection’s relationships to conversion and deconversion are asymmetric. Detected relationships were usually small, indicating reflective thinking is a reliable albeit marginal predictor of apostasy.
Monthly sampling of cephalopod at Port-en-Bessin fish market (Normandy, France) over a 30-year period, combined with commercial fishery statistics, provides essential insight into the exploitation patterns, composition and size frequencies of these resources. Port-en-Bessin cephalopod landings are shown to decrease which is consistent with the decline observed in the entire French fleet operating in the English Channel. Cuttlefish landings exhibit a bimodal length distribution which is expected for this 2-year life cycle (and two-cohort) population. Juveniles of the year are recruited from October (from 8 cm). By the end of their second year of life, cuttlefish reach their maximum size (on average about 22 cm in April–May) prior to dying following spawning. Cuttlefish average size of the second cohorts has decreased from 20 to 17 cm over the period 1996–2022. This seems to be a reduction in size rather than a change in the timing of catches. Squids are not segregated in commercial landings, and the protocol was developed to inform on the prevalence of Loligo forbesii and L. vulgaris in the catch. Both species have a 1-year life cycle with a 3-month offset (recruitment of L. forbesii occurs in June and L. vulgaris in September). Over the 30 years of data, an increase in L. vulgaris landings is observed, while L. forbesii landings have decreased. These findings, in line with climate change, consider biases such as fishermen behaviour determining landings geographical origin.
This article argues that Derrida’s critique of Hegel in Glas should be understood as a modified Neoplatonic critique. Specifically, Derrida claims that Hegel’s systematic philosophical account of the speculative identity of Thought and Being is in fact conditioned by the prior unconditional gift of Being, which necessarily lies outside the Hegelian system. I argue that this gift of Being should be understood in terms of the Neoplatonic conception of the One, which likewise gives the gift of Being, while itself remaining beyond Being. After reconstructing Derrida’s critique, I consider and evaluate possible Hegelian responses, drawing on Hegel’s own reading of Neoplatonism.
This study investigates how institutional origin affects the dot tax haven (DTH) internationalization of Chinese family firms (FFs). Drawing on institutional theory and the mixed gamble perspective, we propose that restructured FFs (RFFs), originating from state-owned enterprises (SOEs), are more likely to engage in DTH internationalization than entrepreneurial FFs directly established by family founders. This propensity is attributed to the institutional legacies inherited from their SOE predecessors, which create a distinct potential gain-loss calculus. Our empirical analysis of publicly listed Chinese FFs from 2012 to 2021 demonstrates that restructured FFs are 30% more likely to use DTH and establish 43% more DTH subsidiaries than entrepreneurial FFs. This tendency, however, is mitigated by the firms’ economic ties to financial institutions. Our study enhances understanding of FFs’ global entrepreneurial decision-making, contributing to FF heterogeneity research. A novel aspect of our study is examining the impact of institutional legacies on FFs – a topic less explored in family business literature. Furthermore, our findings provide insights for policymakers and regulators, emphasizing the importance of tailored policies that consider the intricate interplay between institutional origin and contemporary entrepreneurial goals in FFs.
We study the problem of conjugating a diffeomorphism of the interval to (positive) powers of itself. Although this is always possible for homeomorphisms, the smooth setting is rather interesting. Besides the obvious obstruction given by hyperbolic fixed points, several other aspects need to be considered. As concrete results we show that, in class C1, if we restrict to the (closed) subset of diffeomorphisms having only parabolic fixed points, the set of diffeomorphisms that are conjugate to their powers is dense, but its complement is generic. In higher regularity, however, the complementary set contains an open and dense set. The text is complemented with several remarks and results concerning distortion elements of the group of diffeomorphisms of the interval in several regularities.
Although the evidence is limited, examples of professional female poets who composed public songs for their communities, commissioned by wealthy families and women patrons, suggest that female performance activated the same economic dynamics as the work of male poets in relation to their patrons. Thus, women contributed to the economic life of their communities through their poetic voices, and were able to express their views on social, political and economic matters.
Regardless of method, political scientists often seek to develop arguments that can be generalized to a population of cases. But is this the only way to think about how cases speak to one another? We advocate for a new way to think about how qualitative research produces broadly applicable insights: translation. Much like linguistic translation, the goal of translation in political science is to develop ideas that are intelligible in a different context, even as the context will change how an idea or political practice is interpreted or enacted. Translation offers at least three benefits. It allows us to (1) rethink how we form and deploy concepts; (2) rethink what a generalizable argument is by carrying parts of an argument, instead of entire causal chains to other cases; and (3) rethink how we conceptualize knowledge accumulation to include an abductive process where generating theory is the primary goal.
Legislation that seeks to restrict the ability of transgender people to fully participate in society has proliferated across state legislatures in the last four years. In legislative sessions throughout the United States, legislators have argued in favor of denying transgender people access to public facilities, sports, health care, and even their own guardians. What can these debates tell us not only about the backlash against transgender people but the queer community and women more broadly? Using an analysis of the debate on anti-transgender legislation in two state legislatures, we argue that legislators attempt to gain support for anti-transgender legislation using paternal, protectionist frames and by coopting the language of feminism. We argue that the gender essentialism and heteronormativity at the center of these debates indicates an attempt on behalf of conservative movements and legislators to pursue an idealized, heteropatriarchal society with a strict gender binary.
This article traces the reproduction of whiteness in Jamaica during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through the lens of domestic labor. Articulated in dialogue—and at times in tension—with Britain, what it meant to be white was forged through representations and practices of domestic service and household management, shaped by the legacies of slavery and the shifting colonial relationship. Anxieties about a declining white population and attempts to rejuvenate the island's image contributed to prescriptions of domestic labor management that positioned the white creole mistress as a model of respectability and colonial modernity. Black domestic servants were repeatedly presented as the mirror through which white creole womanhood was constructed, and this article argues that these representations served to consolidate class/color hierarchies that privileged whiteness into the twentieth century. Yet mapping these discourses onto the daily interactions between mistress and maid also exposes the persistent work required to secure racialized hierarchies. Through photographs, diaries, and correspondence read alongside published oral histories, the article argues that domestic servants persistently exercised agency that disrupted and spoke back to popular depictions, demonstrating the fraught reproduction of creole whiteness at the intersections of race, class, color, gender, and colonial identity.
Generalised two-dimensional (2-D) fluid dynamics is characterised by a relationship between a scalar field $q$, called generalised vorticity, and the stream function $\psi$,namely $q = (-\nabla ^2)^{\frac {\alpha }{2}} \psi$. We study the transition of cascades in generalised 2-D turbulence by systematically varying the parameter $\alpha$ and investigating its influential role in determining the directionality (inverse, forward or bidirectional) of these cascades. We derive upper bounds for the dimensionless dissipation rates of generalised energy $E_G$ and enstrophy $\Omega _G$ as the Reynolds number tends to infinity. These findings corroborate numerical simulations, illustrating the inverse cascade of $E_G$ and forward cascade of $\Omega _G$ for $\alpha \gt 0$, contrasting with the reverse behaviour for $\alpha \lt 0$. The dependence of dissipation rates on system parameters reinforces these observed transitions, substantiated by spectral fluxes and energy spectra, which hint at Kolmogorov-like scalings at large scales but discrepancies at smaller scales between numerical and theoretical estimates. These discrepancies are possibly due to non-local transfers, which dominate the dynamics as we go from positive to negative values of $\alpha$. Intriguingly, the forward cascade of $E_G$ for $\alpha \lt 0$ reveals similarities to three-dimensional turbulence, notably the emergence of vortex filaments within a 2-D framework, marking a unique feature of this generalised model.
Steady-state Bloch wave systems at resonance with fixed frequencies and amplitudes are investigated using the homotopy analysis method. Nonlinear waves propagate over a stationary undulating bottom topography of infinite extent, modelled as a superposition of two waveforms. The wave systems are classified as type 1 if the primary transmitted and resonant wave components have equal energies, and type 2 if the energy distribution is unequal. Two subtypes of type 2 are identified, distinguished by their responses to frequency detuning and bottom topography: the wave steepness in subtype 1 shows monotonic variations with detuning, while in subtype 2 it exhibits a peak at a particular detuning value, indicating downward resonance that intensifies with greater wave steepness. A pair of peaks in wave steepness arises in each subtype at certain values of the angle $\theta$ between the waveforms of the bottom topography. In both subtypes, the peaks are slightly affected by the ratio $k_{{b}1}/k_{{b}2}$ of the two bottom wave vectors, and significantly affected by the propagation angle $\alpha$ of the primary transmitted wave, but remain stable under changes to other topographic parameters. As the topography amplitude and $\theta$ vary, significant additional contributions to the total energy of the wave system appear from components other than resonant and primary transmitted waves. The most pronounced effects occur with changes in $\theta$, with the additional components accounting for up to 12 % of the total energy. This study provides an enriched understanding of resonant Bloch wave systems and a basis for improving the effectiveness of wave energy converters.
A range of chronic ear complaints may be attributed to Eustachian tube dysfunction. Eustachian tube dysfunction secondary to a deviated nasal septum has been described in several clinical studies, with symptomatic improvement demonstrated following septoplasty. However, uncertainty exists as to the size of the effect and consistency between studies.
Methods
Electronic searches were carried out of Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for adult patients with complaints of nasal obstruction and/or impairment and/or complaints of ear fullness undergoing nasal surgery.
Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated the effect of nasal surgery on Eustachian tube dysfunction using a variety of outcomes, including Eustachian tube function tests, the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7, tympanometry and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores. The results demonstrated the positive impact of nasal surgery on various outcomes related to Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Conclusion
Nasal surgery has been demonstrated to have promising results as a therapeutic option for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction and a deviated nasal septum, offering significant symptom relief and improved quality of life. Through the integration of the treatment of nasal symptoms in the management of Eustachian tube dysfunction, clinicians can adopt a comprehensive approach to addressing the underlying pathologies contributing to Eustachian tube dysfunction.
This paper presents a wideband dual-polarized in-band full duplex antenna which can also suppress the higher order modes. A dual differential capacitive feeding scheme is proposed to increase the isolation between the co-located transmitter and receiver ports. The proposed design uses λ/4 resonators in close vicinity of the radiating patch to provide spurious-free characteristics. Further, a parasitic patch placed above the radiating patch at height “h” is used to enhance the input matching, impedance bandwidth, and gain of the proposed design. The key features of the proposed structure are its wide impedance bandwidth (∼20%), high inter-port isolation (>58 dB) throughout the entire operating frequency range (2.26–2.76 GHz), and simultaneous suppression of higher order modes which makes it a suitable candidate for modern wireless application. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measurement results are in good agreement with simulation results.
In this paper, we derive simple analytical bounds for solutions of $x - \ln x = y -\ln y$, and use them for estimating trajectories following Lotka–Volterra-type integrals. We show how our results give estimates for the Lambert W function as well as for trajectories of general predator–prey systems, including, for example, Rosenzweig–MacArthur equations.
Risk was incorporated into monetary aggregation over thirty-five years ago, using a stochastic version of the workhorse money-in-the-utility-function model. Nevertheless, the mathematical foundations of this stochastic model remain shaky. To firm the foundations, this paper employs richer probability concepts than Borel-measurability, enabling me to prove the existence of a well-behaved solution and to derive stochastic Euler equations. This measurability approach is less common in economics, possibly because the derivation of stochastic Euler equations is new. Importantly, the problem’s economics are not restricted by the approach. The results provide firm footing for the growing monetary aggregation under risk literature, which integrates monetary and finance theory. As crypto-currencies and stable coins garner attention, solidifying the foundations of risky money becomes more critical. The method also supports deriving stochastic Euler equations for any dynamic economics problem that features contemporaneous uncertainty about prices, including asset pricing models like capital asset pricing models and stochastic consumer choice models.
Mass casualty incidents (MCI) overwhelm health care systems; however, MCIs are infrequent and require ongoing preparatory efforts. Although there is dedicated disaster medicine education in emergency medicine, most pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows complete pediatric residencies. Pediatric residents have variable exposure to disaster training as part of their curriculum. To improve this, a quality improvement (QI) initiative was implemented to increase MCI comfort and knowledge amongst PEM fellows.
Methods
This study took place in a single-center tertiary pediatric hospital, amongst 1 cohort of PEM fellows. Following a baseline survey, a key driver diagram was developed to guide Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. A focused disaster curriculum was provided to fellows and specific quick references were developed. Knowledge application interventions included mock triage, response scavenger hunt, and tabletop MCI exercise.
Results
PEM fellow comfort and knowledge of MCI response improved from an average of 2.93 to 6.56 on a 10-point Likert scale, and 3.71 to 6.58 on 10-point Likert scale respectively following the active intervention cycle and showed sustained results over a 6-month period without further interventions.
Conclusions
Utilizing QI methodology, PEM fellow comfort with MCI response, and knowledge of MCI response increased. As MCIs are a rare occurrence, ongoing assessment is necessary to evaluate the need for further interventions to maintain knowledge and comfort levels.
Plusieurs personnes atteintes d’un cancer incurable sont des hommes, âgés de plus de 65 ans. Même si, à notre connaissance, aucune recherche ne porte sur les souffrances de ces hommes, des écrits dévoilent que ces dernières pourraient être considérables. Les réalités du vieillissement au masculin couplées à celles d’être atteint d’une maladie incurable peuvent effectivement engendrer des souffrances particulières. Cette recherche qualitative vise à mieux comprendre les souffrances vécues par les hommes âgés atteints d’un cancer incurable (HACI). Nous explorerons si et comment leurs souffrances se rapportent à des enjeux identitaires de genre et/ou aux transformations de leurs rôles. Dix-sept hommes âgés de 65 ans et plus atteints d’un cancer incurable furent rencontrés en milieu urbain (Montréal) dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-dirigés. L’analyse thématique des résultats a permis de relever des enjeux identitaires et de rôles, la nature des changements affectant l’identité et ses rôles et les enjeux de genre vécus par les HACI.
Understanding the dynamics of flames at small scales opens up opportunities to enhance the performance of small-scale power generation devices, micro-reactors, fire safety devices and numerous other systems that confine combustion to micro/meso scales. The current study investigates the dynamics of laminar premixed methane–air flames in meso-scale channels. A cylindrical quartz tube, functioning as an optically accessible meso-scale combustor, is externally heated by a primary heater to facilitate the auto-ignition of the reactant mixture flowing through the tube. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of Reynolds numbers ($Re$) and equivalence ratios ($\Phi$). Apart from the previously documented observations of unsteady flames with repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI) characteristics, this study identifies an additional unsteady propagating flame (PF) regime. While FREI appeared at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions, PFs were observed at the equivalence ratio of $0.8$. Unlike the FREI regime, where the flame extinguishes after a characteristic travel distance, PFs continue to travel till they reach the upstream end of the combustor tube, where they extinguish upon encountering a meshed constriction. These flames are associated with a characteristic heat release rate oscillation that couples with the pressure fluctuations at frequencies close to the natural harmonic of the combustor tube. The study further investigates how variations in the wall temperature profile affect the dynamics of FREI and PF regimes. To achieve this, a secondary heater is introduced at varying distances from the primary heater, effectively imposing distinct bimodal wall heating profiles over the combustor tube. The observations and trends from the study were justified using simplified theoretical arguments based on the estimate of the mean flow temperature of the reactant mixture and a flame propagation model that accounts for wall heat losses. The novel findings from this work provide valuable insights that can significantly impact the design and development of advanced micro/meso-scale combustion systems.