Real estate is a major component of China’s national wealth, serving as a key store of value. Property taxes potentially influence households’ belief in the stability of the housing market, resulting in varying effects of such taxes. This paper constructs an equilibrium model of stores of value to examine these effects under diverse beliefs. The results show that property taxes can constrain the growth of housing prices if households maintain their belief in the future stability of housing values. However, damaging this belief would lead to a safety trap with a decline in output. The paper also demonstrates that using tax revenue to finance government bond issuance can be an effective way to lower housing prices and increase output.

Various measures have been introduced in the existing literature to evaluate extreme risk exposure under the effect of an observable factor. Due to the nice properties of the higher-moment (HM) coherent risk measure, we propose a conditional version of the HM (CoHM) risk measure by incorporating the information of an observable factor. We conduct an asymptotic analysis of this measure in the presence of extreme risks under the weak contagion at a high confidence level, which is further applied to the special case of the conditional Haezendonck–Goovaerts risk measure (CoHG). Numerical illustrations are also provided to examine the accuracy of the asymptotic formulas and to analyze the sensitivity of the risk contribution of the CoHG. Based on the asymptotic result in the Fréchet case, we propose an estimator for the CoHM via an extrapolation, supported by a simulation study.

Let p be a prime, $q=p^n$, and $D \subset \mathbb {F}_q^*$. A celebrated result of McConnel states that if D is a proper subgroup of $\mathbb {F}_q^*$, and $f:\mathbb {F}_q \to \mathbb {F}_q$ is a function such that $(f(x)-f(y))/(x-y) \in D$ whenever $x \neq y$, then $f(x)$ necessarily has the form $ax^{p^j}+b$. In this notes, we give a sufficient condition on D to obtain the same conclusion on f. In particular, we show that McConnel’s theorem extends if D has small doubling.

The crystal structure of palbociclib (C24H29N7O2) used as a medication for the treatment of breast cancer has been solved and refined using synchrotron radiation after density functional theory optimization. Palbociclib crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group P21/c, #14) at room temperature with crystal parameters: a = 11.3133(2), b = 5.62626(9), c = 35.9299(9) Å, β = 101.5071(12), V = 2241.03(8) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure contains infinite N–H⋯N bonded layers. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

We study the question of $\mathcal {L}_{\mathrm {ring}}$-definability of non-trivial henselian valuation rings. Building on previous work of Jahnke and Koenigsmann, we provide a characterization of henselian fields that admit a non-trivial definable henselian valuation. In particular, we treat the cases where the canonical henselian valuation has positive residue characteristic, using techniques from the model theory and algebra of tame fields.

If G is any infinite-valued Gödel logic with identity, then the compactness cardinal of G is the least $\omega _1$-strongly compact cardinal.

Previous studies have shown that helminth infection protects against the development of diabetes mellitus (DM), possibly related to the hygiene hypothesis. However, studies involving Stronglyoides stercoralis and its possible association with DM are scarce and have shown contradicting results, prompting us to perform this meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. Related studies were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library until 1 August 2024. Data on the occurrence of DM in patients positive and negative for S. stercoralis were obtained. All analyses were done using Review Manager 5.4. The initial search yielded a total of 1725 studies, and after thorough screening and exclusion, only five articles involving 2106 participants (536 cases and 1570 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed, and outlier studies were excluded using a funnel plot. Results showed a significant association of S. stercoralis infection with DM, suggesting that those with the infection are less likely to develop DM. Overall, the results suggest that S. stercoralis infection may decrease the likelihood of developing DM, potentially supporting the hygiene hypothesis.

This article explores the history of Japan’s municipal electricity regulation. We find that in the early phase of Japanese electrification, rights-of-way and municipal franchises remained undefined compared with these concepts in Western societies. Consequently, Japanese cities started electrification without municipal regulations. Although municipal franchises were introduced to Japan as a regulatory framework in the 1900s, they were tailored to Japan’s political and ideological context. Moreover, the Road Law of 1919 weakened the legal basis for municipal regulation. With the revision of the Electric Utility Law in 1932 and World War II, the decline of municipal regulation became inevitable.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented multifaceted challenges globally, impacting adolescent health. Among these, food security and nutrition are intertwined closely with mental health outcomes. In Indonesia, with its diverse socio-economic landscape, these interconnections may have been exacerbated by the pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between food security, nutrition and adolescent mental health in Indonesia during COVID-19. Longitudinal data were collected from 511 adolescent boys and girls in 2021–2022 in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta. Food security was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and the validated Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure adolescent depression. Multivariate linear regression and linear mixed-effects regression were employed to explore associations between these variables, while adjusting for sex, age, pubertal status and household income. Overall, food insecurity score was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β: 0·72, 95 % CI 0·52, 0·92), while BMI z-score was inversely associated (β: −0·31, 95 % CI 0·68, −0·03). We found an increase in strength of association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms over time (moderately food-insecure: β: 1·36 (95 % CI −0·10, 2·83) to 4·63 (95 % CI 2·17, 7·09); severely food-insecure: β: 1·89 (95 % CI 0·36, 3·41) to 3·30 (95 % CI 1·50, 5·10). Enhancing food access, improving nutritional status and providing mental health support are crucial components of adolescent health.

This paper presents a compact broad dual-band rectifier based on a transmission line matching network. This method improves the overall impedance matching performance over two bands, and improves bandwidth of the rectifier’s efficiency. A π-type direct current filter with excellent harmonic suppression performance is proposed. The multi-section transmission line used as the dual-band input impedance matching network is analyzed to achieve an arbitrary frequency ratio. A rectifier is designed and implemented using a three-stage transmission-line matching network. Simulation and experimental results show that a dual-band rectifier is successfully performed with the measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 75.7% and 76.3% at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Additionally, the rectifier exhibits bandwidths of 0.48 and 0.25 GHz when the PCE exceeds 70%. Significant enhancement of bandwidth over conventional rectifiers is demonstrated.

This introduction to the ‘Survey and Speculation’ special issue ‘Empire and Cities’ outlines how this collection came about, summarizes the six contributions and draws general conclusions.