Judges are not the first political officials that come to mind when one considers the role of social media in modern politics. Following in the wake of some prominent judicial personalities adopting Twitter, however, a growing number of state high court judges have adopted and established more public personas on the platform. Judges use Twitter in substantively different ways than traditional elected officials (Curry and Fix 2019); however, little is understood about how the use of such social media platforms affects broader judicial networks. Recognizing that judges, like typical social media users, may aspire to expand their networks to build and appeal to broader audiences, we contend that active participation in judicial Twitterverse could yield personal and professional advantages. Here, we address a currently unexplored question: To what extent have judges formed a distinctive “judicial network,” on Twitter, and what discernible patterns present in these networks? Leveraging the unique structure of social media, we collect comprehensive network data on judging using Twitter and analyze what institutional and social factors impact greater power within the judicial network. We find that early adoption, electoral concerns, and connective links between judges all impact the strength of the judicial network, highlighting the complex motivations driving judicial Twitter engagement, and the significance of network building in judges’ social media strategies and its potential impact on career advancement.

Damage initiation hotspots around features, such as bolts and ply drops, must be investigated during the preliminary design phase of large composite structures, such as composite airframes. A global-local modelling approach is commonly employed to perform this investigation, whereby a global low-fidelity model is used to drive high-fidelity local models around the features of interest. However, this methodology is slow, repetitive and expert-dependent. In this investigation, we address these issues by applying machine learning techniques to this global-local modelling framework and demonstrate the time-saving benefit when predicting damage initiation of bolted composite joints. Feature engineering of model inputs and outputs, and appropriate customisation of machine learning methods enables damage initiation prediction. Special consideration is given to the boundary conditions that must be varied to simulate the response of the bolted composite joints. Results show over three orders of magnitude time-saving benefit and satisfactory accuracy of the proposed methodology. This indicates its potential to be developed further into a rapid design and optimisation tool.

Recently, women’s presence on top boards of directors has significantly increased, challenging the long standing of male-led corporate elites. In light of the still-developing literature, this article provides a century-long examination of women’s entry into the Spanish corporate elite, offering several original contributions. In addition to its pioneering input into the country’s historiography, the work uses a holistic model to introduce a comparative European approach. Moreover, it empirically examines the significant yet previously unexplored impact of elite training institutions on the advancement of female directors as well as their arrival through a national holding company and their presence in leading publicly traded companies. Findings showed four distinct stages in their trajectory: discriminatory exclusion, during the first third of the twentieth century; exceptional inclusion, with early positions in their family-owned firms; gradual incorporation, with increased political representation and expanded academic access in the latter decades of the last century; and promotion, supported by twenty-first-century political strategies, while still revealing the handicap of women’s delayed entry into the corporate network.

Let G be a finite group and let $\chi $ be an irreducible character of G. The number $|G:\mathrm {ker}\chi |/\chi (1)$ is called the codegree of the character $\chi $. We provide several relations between the structure of G and the codegrees of the characters in a given subset of $\mathrm {Irr}(G)$, where $\mathrm {Irr}(G)$ is the set of all complex irreducible characters of G. For example, we show that if the codegrees of all strongly monolithic characters of G are odd, then G is solvable, analogous to the well-known fact that if all irreducible character degrees of a finite group are odd, then that group is solvable.

Placental vascular anastomoses are traditionally thought to exist exclusively in monochorionic pregnancies. However, they have been reported in dichorionic twin pregnancies as well. In turn, twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) have also been noted to impact some of these gestations. Through discussion of one such case at our institution along with a review of the available literature, we review the proposed pathophysiology of placental vascular anastamoses in dichorionic twin gestations, and aim to raise awareness of the possibility of associated pathologies in dichorionic gestations. This is an emerging area of literature that will require future study to guide prenatal surveillance and mitigate morbidity.

Lipids play an important role in human nutrition. Although adequate lipid consumption is necessary for an optimal functioning of the human body, overconsumption of saturated fatty acids can lead to postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, which triggers the development of atherosclerosis. Important parameters that impact postprandial lipaemia and inflammation are related to the matrix structure and the fat-soluble micronutrient profile of ingested foods/lipids, but the specific effect of these parameters should be further studied, as most of the available studies evaluate their effect at fasting state. This review specifically explores the effects of food structure and fat-soluble micronutrients, from either micronutrient-rich foods or supplements, on postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia and inflammation. The review also highlights the potential of emerging biomarkers such as miRNAs or circulating microvesicles, as an alternative to the widely use biomarkers (e.g. low-density lipoproteins or blood concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines), to identify inflammation associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia at early stages.

How can public opinion change in a pro-immigration direction? Recent studies suggest that those who support immigration care less about it than those who oppose it, which may explain why lawmakers do not enact pro-immigration reforms even when voters are pro-immigration. To see if the personal issue importance of immigration can be changed, I conducted a probability-based, nationally representative US survey experiment (N = 3,450) exposing respondents to verifiable arguments about the broad national benefits of expanding legal immigration and the costs of not doing so. Using new measures of issue importance, my descriptive results show that only one-fifth of voters who prioritize the issue have a pro-immigration preference. Furthermore, while anti-immigration respondents prioritize policies regarding law enforcement and (reducing) future immigration, pro-immigration respondents prioritize (helping) immigrants already here. The experimental results confirm that the provided arguments raised immigration’s importance among pro-immigration voters but did not backfire by mobilizing anti-immigration voters. Contrary to expectations, the arguments increased pro-immigration policy preferences, but did not change voters’ subissue priorities within immigration or their willingness to sign a petition. Overall, the treatment was effective beyond changing minds by shifting stated issue positions and priorities in a pro-immigration direction. It can thus be used in a nontargeted information campaign to promote pro-immigration reforms.

Critical space assets require continuous monitoring to prevent potential losses. Auxiliary satellites protect these assets by observing and tracking approaching targets. Although observation satellites can make rapid autonomous onboard decisions, they face challenges due to limited computational capacity. The two mainstream command and control methods currently available do not meet the demands of onboard decision-making. Highly procedural decision-making methods require extended decision times, while rapid-response intuitive or heuristic methods carry significant error risks. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-granularity decision-making method for optical space surveillance satellites. First, multi-granularity relative orbit determination algorithm models and multi-granularity impulsive orbit manoeuver algorithm models were developed. Based on these models, a granularity selection method for sequential three-way decisions is proposed. In non-emergency situations, fine-granularity models are preferred to conserve fuel, while in emergency situations, coarse-granularity models are used to enhance decision-making speed and reduce positional deviations caused by the manoeuvering game. In random multi-scenario tests, the proposed method demonstrates lower average terminal positional deviations and fuel consumption compared to single-granularity (highly procedural or rapid-response) and random-granularity methods.