The adoption of corpus technology in school classroom settings remains limited, largely due to insufficient technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) training for pedagogical corpus use. To address this gap, we investigated how teacher education in corpus-based language pedagogy (CBLP), a subdomain of TPACK for corpus technology tailored to language teachers, influenced student TESOL teachers’ self-efficacy for independent language learning and teaching. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including a CBLP training intervention (n = 120), survey data (n = 96), and interviews (n = 8) with student teachers at a university in Hong Kong SAR, China, the research validates a theoretical model through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results demonstrate that corpus literacy (CL) is foundational for effective CBLP implementation and development of independent learning self-efficacy, which in turn fosters innovative, resource-rich instructional strategies. CBLP also enhances teachers’ self-efficacy for student engagement, fostering more interactive and motivating classrooms. These findings emphasise the value of embedding CL and CBLP within TESOL teacher-education programmes to prepare future language teachers for self-efficacy within dynamic, technology-enhanced classrooms.

The young, urban, and highly educated professionals who comprise the knowledge economy class are often portrayed as the champions of progressive politics in Europe. However, the coexistence of socially progressive attitudes and more conservative economic tendencies within this class deserves more scrutiny among political scientists because such tendencies, I argue, may reveal differences of consequence for electoral and policy outcomes. I point to two analytical blind spots in research on progressive politics: (1) the separation of sociocultural from economic issues, which can conceal critical policy preferences within the knowledge economy class, and (2) the prevailing dichotomy of knowledge economy “winners” and “losers,” which can lead scholars to underestimate status concerns in the knowledge economy class. To illustrate why addressing both blind spots matters for research on electoral outcomes and progressive policy agendas, I apply my claims to the issue of immigration. I show how the interaction of sociocultural progress and economic change—manifesting in this case as status gains among ethnoracial minorities—can underpin a politics of status preservation among “winners” that calls for as much attention as that dedicated to the politics of status loss among “losers.” Using cross-national survey data, I show that members of the knowledge economy class adopt a politics of status preservation in contexts in which ethnoracial minorities, although not on a par with advantaged white majorities, are better represented in high-status positions. I conclude by considering the implications for research on progressive politics in Europe.

Research on strokes using genetics and neurobiobanking has highlighted some ethical, legal and social implications. Blood donation, brain donation, blood storage, re-use and sample sharing, data sharing, return of individual results, disclosure of incidental findings, pattern and causes of preference for informed consent, governance and regulation, and biorights are some of the legal problems presented. This study, therefore, explores this aspect in Sub-Saharan Africa using Nigeria and Ghana as case studies. In exploring this aspect, a qualitative method was adopted. In addition, the general jurisprudence of law and society was adopted as the theoretical framework and applied to the findings made. It was found that the law to a high level mirrors people’s expectations and that there was an existing social order to which the law was a contributor. It is therefore argued that any need for the intervention of the law must take cognizance of these findings.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), found primarily in red blood cells, plays a key role in regulating hemoglobin’s (Hb) affinity for oxygen. Increased 2,3-DPG levels shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, reducing Hb’s oxygen affinity and enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues—particularly important in conditions like anemia and high-altitude adaptation. Despite its physiological significance, research on 2,3-DPG is outdated and limited. This review aims to summarize current knowledge and identify research gaps. Measuring 2,3-DPG is challenging due to its instability and the need for careful sample handling. Chromatography and enzymatic methods are commonly used. Several factors influence 2,3-DPG levels, including diet, physiological state, and disease. Dietary phosphorus, for example, can acutely affect 2,3-DPG levels, though the impact of different meal compositions remains unexplored. Age, pregnancy, and physical activity also modulate 2,3-DPG, yet little is known about its role in infants and children. While changes in 2,3-DPG levels under various pathological conditions have been described, the molecular mechanisms behind these alterations remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation.

Clinical data science, like the broader discipline of all data science, has quickly grown from obscurity only a few decades ago to one of the fastest growing specialties in biomedical research today. Yet, the education and training of the workforce has not kept pace with the growth of the field, the complexity of science, or the needs of the profession. The purpose of this paper is to provide a template for an intensive short course on fundamentals of clinical data science that meets the needs of working professionals in academic, industry, and government research settings. Care will be taken to introduce students to essential roles, responsibilities, and practice patterns within the field, the foundational components from which they come, and many of the soft skills needed for professional practice and advancement in the field today. The course is designed as an evidence-based, immersive learning experience taught over a 5-day period on a university campus, taught using principles of best educational practice and multiple modalities, to assure optimal interaction and engagement throughout the week. This template may be reproduced by any institution interested in and capable of offering such a program.

This article examines some recent trends within the scholarship on ancient Greek women. The field of gender and women’s studies is vast, and so this review is necessarily selective; it is also historical in focus, though I have deliberately tried to include works that cover a broad chronological and geographical range, and those that draw on different kinds of source material. It is divided into three parts: part 1 examines questions concerning ‘real’ women, part 2 is on agency and part 3 draws some observations on the difficulties of, and opportunities for, writing histories of women.

Obesity has significant implications regarding the welfare of companion animals. Data regarding obesity in exotic companion mammals (ECM) are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate obesity in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), and rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Estonia, and to survey husbandry practices and owner awareness. Husbandry data were collected from patients visiting the Estonian University of Life Sciences’ small animal clinic via anonymous questionnaires over an eleven-month period. Three hundred and fifty-one questionnaire responses and body condition score (BCS) data for 177 patients (71 rabbits, 73 guinea pigs, 33 rats) were collected. Twenty-eight percent of rabbits, 23% of guinea pigs and 28% of rats were overweight (BCS > 3/5). Male rats were more likely to be overweight than females and there was a negative correlation between age and body condition. There was an increased likelihood of male guinea pigs being underweight. Owner questionnaires revealed that 20% of rabbit owners, 14% of guinea pig owners and 11% of rat owners believed their pets to be overweight while 58% of owners had not received husbandry advice from a veterinarian. Obesity is a significant welfare issue in the Estonian ECM population and several detrimental husbandry practices were identified, including inappropriate feeding, insufficient physical activity, individual housing. Further studies might investigate veterinarian awareness of the issues at hand and tendencies for other species.

Rapid deforestation in the tropics reduces the global carbon sequestration and storage capacity of forests. However, abandoned lands can recover naturally through secondary succession. While soil organic carbon (SOC) represents the largest carbon pool in young secondary forests, its drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the roles of environmental conditions (macro- and microclimate) and forest attributes (biomass and litter nutrients) in determining three key ecosystem processes (litter production, decomposition, and soil respiration) that influence SOC dynamics in secondary forests. We collected data from young secondary tropical dry and wet forests (2.3–3.6 years old) in Ghana. Wet forests had higher aboveground biomass, soil temperature and moisture, and litter production, whereas dry forests had higher litter nutrient concentrations and faster decomposition rates. SOC and soil respiration rates were similar between forest types. Structural equation modelling showed that (1) litter decomposition increased with litter production, litter nitrogen concentration, and soil temperature (rather than soil moisture), and (2) decomposition was the only significant driver of SOC. These findings highlight the central role of litter decomposition in building SOC during early forest succession and the indirect influence of climate on belowground carbon dynamics through its effects on litter quantity and quality and microclimate.

Antimicrobials are widely used to maintain animal health and productivity; however, their misuse contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a critical One Health and global health concern. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and practices of animal health practitioners regarding antimicrobial use and AMR in Niger State, Nigeria. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using purposive sampling, and data were analyzed at a 95% confidence level. A total of 62.8% of targeted practitioners participated. About 42.3% used antimicrobials for treating infections, while 12.2% used them for growth promotion. Only 19.5% correctly identified misuse as under-dosing, and 13.0% were unaware of what misuse entailed. Although 69.1% adhered to daily dosages as prescribed, only 1.6% performed confirmatory diagnoses before administration. Tetracycline (99.2%) and penicillin-streptomycin (82.1%) were the most frequently used antimicrobials. Satisfactory knowledge of antimicrobial use was significantly associated with practitioners aged 50–59 years (p = 0.002) and veterinarians (p = 0.001). Factors influencing misuse included improper usage (p < 0.001), weak regulation (p = 0.005), poor client finances (p = 0.001), low expertise (p = 0.001), and counterfeit drugs (p = 0.001). The findings underscore the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship, stricter regulation, and continuous education of animal health practitioners.

Statins are effective drugs for lowering hypercholesterolemia and preventing cardiovascular diseases. They can cause various side effects, in particular statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and micronutrient depletion. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of a supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against SAMS in statin-treated patients. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Cochrane Library in August 2024. Studies were selected for a meta-analysis according to the following criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCTs), adults taking statins (any type and dose), supplementation of CoQ10, a comparable control group, and muscle pain as outcome criterion. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used for bias assessment. Seven RCTs with 389 patients in total were included in this meta-analysis. The selected studies included 35 to 76 patients and had a duration ranging from 30 to 90 days with CoQ10 dosages ranging from 100 to 600 mg per day. Results show a significant reduction of SAMS in four trials and no significant change in three trials. Overall, a significant reduction in SAMS, measured as pain intensity, after CoQ10 supplementation was found: weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.96 (95% Confidence Interval −1.88; −0.03), p < 0.05. Supplementation of CoQ10 can reduce muscle pain in patients with SAMS, which is relevant for their well-being and treatment continuation. More research is needed for evidence-based recommendations.

Excellent products often contain profound cultural connotations. To improve the quality of cultural products, it is important to study how typical cultural carriers can be more promptly and efficiently identified and incorporated into products through a detailed and easy-to-use design process. In this article, we propose an approach from three different levels to assist designers in incorporating cultural features into products, including: (1) the integrated framework of the composition and division of cultural carriers, (2) the extraction and translation model from cultural carriers, cultural elements to cultural features and (3) the cultural product design process. The proposed approach was applied in a large and complex cultural product case, that is, inter-city train design. The evaluation of the recognition of culture features indicated that the approach contributed to conferring culture on products through thoughtful design and could ensure that the product schemes reflect cultural features as well as interesting cultural connotations.

ASReview is a software that can potentially reduce the workload of literature screening in systematic reviews by ranking the retrieved records. We assessed the tool’s feasibility, advantages, and limitations, to populate a database of cancer immunotherapy trials. ASReview is easy to use, and it efficiently identified relevant records. It may save resources compared to traditional systematic reviews using two human reviewers. Predefined procedures are necessary to maintain a transparent and reproducible workflow. Limitations include that adding references to existing projects is difficult and that the algorithm learns from every decision, even when this may not be appropriate.

The four pioneering African war correspondents who travelled to Asia in 1945 develop our understanding of Africa and the Second World War. This article argues that their tour challenges the existing scholarship on the conflict in two ways. Firstly, it bridges the common divide between “home” and fighting fronts in our understanding of wartime Africa. Secondly, due to the correspondents’ own positionality as colonial African newspapermen, it offers insights into African military service in ways not permitted by colonial and military archives. Within an overarching frame examining the tour’s origin and conclusion in Africa, the article assesses the correspondents’ activities in Asia in terms of their interactions with and analysis of African troops. Cumulatively, it contends that the correspondents’ tour both considerably expands our understanding of African soldiers’ lives in the Second World War, and also directly connects the “home front” with the Asian theatre of combat.

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a globally distributed weed species with the ability to evolve resistance to herbicides. Oregon hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) growers have recently reported poor control of P. annua with clethodim, pendimethalin, paraquat, and glyphosate, raising concerns about new herbicide-resistance cases. To investigate these reports, we conducted a herbicide resistance survey of field-collected accessions using seed-based and whole-plant dose–response bioassays. Based on dose–response estimates, resistance to all four herbicides was confirmed. Clethodim-resistant accessions had resistance indices (RIs) of 2 to 10 compared with susceptible accessions with seed-based LD50 values of 0.4 to 0.5 µM and whole-plant LD50 values of 14 to 19 g ha⁻¹. Pendimethalin-resistant accessions had RIs of 3 to 47 compared with susceptible accessions with seed-based LD50 values of 0.5 to 1 µM and whole-plant LD50 values of 360 to 590 g ha⁻¹, and cross-resistance to pronamide was also confirmed (RI = 7 to 16; susceptible accessions LD50 = 550 to 600 g ha⁻¹). The glyphosate-resistant accession had RIs of 2 to 6 compared with susceptible accessions with seed-based LD50 values of 340 to 490 µM and whole-plant LD50 values of 60 to 95 g ha⁻¹. Paraquat-resistant accessions had RIs of 2 to 85 compared with susceptible accessions with seed-based LD50 values of 0.6 to 1 µM and whole-plant LD50 values of 30 to 50 g diquat ha⁻¹. This study documents the first global case of clethodim resistance in P. annua, pendimethalin and glyphosate resistance in Oregon, and paraquat resistance in P. annua in the United States. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that seed-based bioassays can detect clethodim and paraquat resistance in P. annua. Seed assays provided a rapid (2 wk), cost-effective diagnostic tool suitable for on-farm implementation and complementary to molecular diagnostics. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated weed management in perennial systems and adoption of resistance diagnostics and stewardship programs to mitigate further resistance evolution.

This study assesses the seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in ruminants in Dhobley, Somalia, following a 2021 outbreak in Kenya. Among 142 ruminants sampled, 4.9% were seropositive for RVF virus (RVFV) antibody, with IgM antibodies (1.4%) indicating recent exposure, though no cases were RT-PCR-positive. Unregulated livestock movement and limited surveillance pose significant risks for future outbreaks, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance systems and One Health strategies.

As global crises like inequality, climate change and financial instability intensify, ‘resilience’ has emerged as a central concept in international governance and law. The appeal lies in what scholars call the ‘resilience dividend’ – the promise that systems can recover and adapt when facing external shocks. This article critically examines how resilience has been adopted in international and transnational law, with a particular focus on transnational financial regulation. The article analyses the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)’ work on the resilience of central counterparties, which represents the most extended elaboration on resilience in transnational financial regulation. Rather than accepting resilience as an unqualified good, a more cautious approach is suggested. Resilience risks perpetuating existing injustices and reinforcing neoliberal structures by emphasising survival and adaptation over addressing the root causes of crises. Accordingly, resilience needs to be seen as an ambivalent concept that only through its specification one can determine its possible impact.