In this article we offer an editio princeps of a new inscription from the Cycladic island of Paros and discuss its implications for understanding Parian co-operation with Dionysiοs I of Syracuse in the Adriatic in the early fourth century BCE. We argue that the text throws light on the Parian colonization of Pharos, and is related to activities of the Parians in the Adriatic in what seems to be the result of local Parian strife and strong anti-Athenian affiliations on Paros. We explore possible interpretations of the inscribed decree and their implications for the relationship between the Parians and Dionysios.

In the spring of 2024, I taught an Introduction to Public Humanities course at Yale University, with the support of a teaching fellow. My primary aim was to expand student understanding of how the humanities could be practiced beyond the walls of the university for a wider public. However, to accomplish this goal, we first needed to situate the more abstract concepts of the “public” and the “humanities” historically and conceptually. This stimulated us to divide the course into three parts. The first, The Humanities and Publics in Context, focused on the history of the humanities within the broader American discourse. The second part, Humanities in Public Life, brought guest speakers from various areas of the program’s concentrations: Place and Space, History and the Public, Museums and Collections, Public Writing, Documentary Studies, Arts Research, and Digital Humanities. Finally, the third part, Public Humanities: Making It as We Do It, provided students the opportunity to engage directly with the public humanities through hands-on projects, allowing them to put their learning into action. This paper captures the lessons we learned, the challenges we encountered, and the work we created throughout the course. My hope in sharing this process is that it can serve as a useful resource for others looking to explore or develop their own public humanities projects.

Accurate estimation of finger joint stiffness is important in assessing the hand condition of stroke patients and developing effective rehabilitation plans. Recent technological advances have enabled the efficient performance of hand therapy and assessment by estimating joint stiffness using soft actuators. While joint modular soft actuators have enabled cost-effective and personalized stiffness estimation, existing approaches face limitations. A corrective approach based on an analytical model suffers from actuator–finger and inter-actuator interactions, particularly in multi-joint systems. In contrast, a data-driven approach struggles with generalization due to limited availability of labeled data. In this study, we proposed a method for energy conservation-based online tuning of the analytical model using an artificial neural network (ANN) to address these challenges. By analyzing each term in the analytical model, we identified causes of estimation error and introduced correction parameters that satisfy energy balance within the actuator–finger complex. The ANN enhances the analytical model’s adaptability to measurement data, thereby improving estimation accuracy. The results show that our method outperforms the conventional corrective approach and exhibits better generalization potential than the purely data-driven approach. In addition, the method also proved effective in estimating stiffness in human subjects, where errors tend to be larger than in prototype experiments. This study is an essential step toward the realization of personalized rehabilitation.

Limited research has explored the delivery of sustainable design in higher education globally. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate educational practices on the topic. Through an online survey, we investigated numerous aspects of units of study exposing topics related to sustainable design with a focus on contents, teaching methods and educational objectives. The survey was accessed by almost 400 educators in the field of sustainable design. The data show that a variety of teaching methods are used, with a critical role played by project-based learning in addition to traditional lectures. Most respondents rated all investigated intended learning outcomes as relevant or very relevant. In terms of contents and methods treated by the respondents, product eco-design and design for X are the most frequently taught methods. Educational approaches and teaching objectives are poorly affected by the discipline of the degree in which units of study are taught. In terms of contents, design degrees include approaches to sustainable design at the spatio-social level more frequently than engineering degrees do.

Process data, in particular, log data collected from a computerized test, documents the sequence of actions performed by an examinee in pursuit of solving a problem, affording an opportunity to understand test-taking behavioral patterns that account for demographic group differences in key outcomes of interest, for instance, final score on a cognitive item. Addressing this aim, this article proposes a latent class mediation analysis procedure. Using continuous process features extracted from action sequence data as indicators, latent classes underlying the test-taking behavior are identified in a latent class mediation model, where an examinee’s nominal latent class membership enters as the mediator between the observed grouping and outcome variables. A headlong search algorithm for selecting the subset of process features that maximizes the total indirect effect of the latent class mediator is implemented. The proposed procedure is validated with a series of simulations. An application to a large-scale assessment highlights how the proposed method can be used to explain performance gaps between students with learning disability and their typically developing peers on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math assessment.

Three days before the Irish general election in November 2024, Ireland lost one of its foremost and trailblazing women of the 20th century: Gemma Hussey. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Hussey served as a Senator, Teachta Dála (TD, a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of parliament in Ireland), and Cabinet Minister, and before and after her time in Irish politics, she remained a steadfast campaigner for progressive women’s rights, oftentimes in the face of staunch opposition from the Catholic Church, party colleagues, and the public. She was also a strong advocate of measures to support, facilitate, and promote women in politics.

In this paper, we adopt an evolutionary model to describe the coevolution of technological transition and pollution in a country, where the choice of technology does not only give firms access to cleaner (but more expensive) or dirtier (cheaper and illegal) forms of production, but also access to social groups and information. Firms’ activity may be harmful to the environment and, due to the existence of ambient pollution charges, economic activity is affected by the level of pollution in the country. Our analysis describes how the evolution of the transition to clean technology and pollution generates a rich set of possible equilibria, which include stable pure strategies (where all firms choose the same technology) and inner equilibria (where both technologies could be adopted in the long run). We also observe more complex behavior and coexistence of different attractors as well as highlight the importance of initial conditions and uncover how the regulator may face possible pollution traps.

Following the independence of African countries in the 1960s and 1970s, many newly minted politicians and political scientists who studied them directed their attention to the effects of ethnic identities, heterogeneity, rivalries, and alliances on African politics. In the aftermath of colonial violence and social engineering, ethnic competition contributed to violent secessionist movements, and ethnic hatred sometimes fueled genocide. Many African governments expelled minorities and banned ethnic parties, established federal institutions, and at times adopted nationalist rhetoric to punish rivals or mitigate the deleterious outcomes of ethnic conflict. As Christof Hartmann summarizes, “political regulation of ethnicity has been a core dimension of state-building in Africa” (“Managing Ethnicity in African Politics,” in Nic Cheeseman, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Politics, 2019: 1).

Near-future experiments with Petawatt class lasers are expected to produce a high flux of gamma-ray photons and electron–positron pairs through strong field quantum electrodynamical processes. Simulations of the expected regime of laser–matter interaction are computationally intensive due to the disparity of the spatial and temporal scales, and because quantum and classical descriptions need to be accounted for simultaneously (classical for collective effects and quantum for nearly instantaneous events of hard photon emission and pair creation). We study the stochastic cooling of an electron beam in a strong, constant, uniform magnetic field, both its particle distribution functions and their energy momenta. We start by obtaining approximate closed-form analytical solutions to the relevant observables. Then, we apply the quantum-hybrid variational quantum imaginary time evolution to the Fokker–Planck equation describing this process and compare it against theory and results from particle-in-cell simulations and classical partial differential equation solvers, showing good agreement. This work will be useful as a first step towards quantum simulation of plasma physics scenarios where diffusion processes are important, particularly in strong electromagnetic fields.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, the Fukushima Prefectural Government commissioned Fukushima Medical University to conduct the “Fukushima Health Management Survey” to investigate long-term low-dose radiation exposure caused by the accident. The primary purposes of this survey are to monitor the long-term health of Fukushima residents and to promote their health and well-being. The survey consists of a Basic Survey and 4 detailed surveys (Thyroid Ultrasound Examination, Comprehensive Health Check, Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey, and Pregnancy and Birth Survey). Some physical and mental health problems have persisted. Survey participants who evacuated from Fukushima and continue to live outside Fukushima showed higher mental health deterioration than those who evacuated from Fukushima and came back to live in Fukushima. Problems arise from misunderstanding radiation health effects among non-Fukushima residents, and the dignity of “place of living” among Fukushima residents.

Today issues about ‘metaphysical grounding’ have come to the centre of philosophical discussion. In the case of Schaffer’s widely influential work, this comes with a defence of monism, according to which everything is grounded in one comprehensive whole. He cites as predecessors Hegel and Spinoza. Part of Schaffer’s case runs through a claim that issues about grounding are unavoidable in philosophy. It is natural to expect that an unavoidability of grounding should help the case of such a monism. But can we read Hegel’s claims for his comprehensive system as similarly supported by a claim for the interwovenness of grounding with philosophy? No. I argue that, in the unusual philosophy of Hegel’s historical context, our expectations are reversed: Hegel and contemporaries who influence him, like Jacobi, see reasons for thinking that claims for the unavoidability of grounding would support rather critique of the prospects for defence of any unity or organization in terms of which everything would be comprehensively explicable or intelligible. Hegel’s challenge in defending a comprehensive system, then, is to resist such unavoidability claims. Seeing this opens an approach to reading Hegel’s Science of Logic in terms of the unusual reasons that animate it.

In October 2022 at the annual board meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC), a new image policy for the journal Southeastern Archaeology was adopted that prohibited publication of photographs of funerary objects/belongings. In the discourse surrounding these new policies, a range of misunderstandings and mischaracterizations regarding consultative, collaborative, and community-based Indigenous archaeology were highlighted. Through a range of examples and personal experiences, this paper explores some of the realities of collaborative archaeological practice in the Indigenous American Southeast and aims to contextualize and mediate some recurring misunderstandings. Of particular importance and focus is the unique concept and definition of “the community” as it relates to collaborative practice across Indigenous North America. Importantly, I emphasize that southeastern archaeology and southeastern archaeologists are doing transformative work that puts us in a position to be leaders in the ongoing structural changes to our discipline.

When leveraged together, variable-centered and person-centered statistical methods have the potential to illuminate the factors predicting mental health recovery. However, because extant studies have largely relied on only one of these methods, we do not yet understand why some youth demonstrate recovery while others experience chronic symptoms. This omission limits our understanding of trajectories of physical aggression (AGG) in particular, which are frequently characterized by desistance. The present study examined the development of AGG across childhood and adolescence via variable-centered and person-centered modeling, with neighborhood and family characteristics considered as predictors. Variable-centered results indicated a mean-level decline in AGG with age but were more useful for illuminating predictors of AGG at baseline than predictors of declining engagement. Person-centered analyses, by contrast, identified low parent-child conflict and high household income as predictors of desistance. Although variable-centered analyses were integral to modeling the average AGG trajectory and identifying predictors of engagement at baseline, person-centered techniques proved more useful for understanding predictors of desistance.

This article analyzes the history of the Chilean personal income tax (PIT) to explain the persistence of a class-based and progressive PIT within a context of a regressive fiscal system. We provide new archival evidence regarding fiscal politics since the nineteenth century to estimate the generalization of the PIT between 1925 and 2014. Combining statistical information and parliamentary records, we follow the PIT’s trajectory in relation to elites’ self-interest, paternalistic understandings of the fiscal pact and citizenship, and the looming presence of natural resources. By keeping the PIT class-based, allegedly to protect workers, fiscal politics defined citizenship through expenditure instead of taxation. Those excluded from income taxation bear the brunt of indirect taxes—which support social spending—albeit without voice over fiscal policies.

While there is an enormous literature on friendship, next to nothing has been written about enemyship. This neglect may be due to the assumption that enemyship is simply inverted friendship. We reject that assumption and argue that although enemyship shares some important structural relations with friendship (such as dispositions to act and the presence of significant interactions), there are crucial differences. Unlike friendship, enemyship does not require reciprocity, mutual acknowledgment, or equality in any degree. If we are right, enemyship is a sui generis category of human relationship, in need of further exploration. To that end, we offer a conceptual analysis and taxonomy of enemies before turning to two normative questions: is there anything intrinsically good about having an enemy? Would a good person ever have enemies, of any kind?

Rating procedure is crucial in many applied fields (e.g., educational, clinical, emergency). In these contexts, a rater (e.g., teacher, doctor) scores a subject (e.g., student, doctor) on a rating scale. Given raters’ variability, several statistical methods have been proposed for assessing and improving the quality of ratings. The analysis and the estimate of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) are major concerns in such cases. As evidenced by the literature, ICC might differ across different subgroups of raters and might be affected by contextual factors and subject heterogeneity. Model estimation in the presence of heterogeneity has been one of the recent challenges in this research line. Consequently, several methods have been proposed to address this issue under a parametric multilevel modelling framework, in which strong distributional assumptions are made. We propose a more flexible model under the Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) framework, in which most of those assumptions are relaxed. By eliciting hierarchical discrete nonparametric priors, the model accommodates clusters among raters and subjects, naturally accounts for heterogeneity, and improves estimates’ accuracy. We propose a general BNP heteroscedastic framework to analyze continuous and coarse rating data and possible latent differences among subjects and raters. The estimated densities are used to make inferences about the rating process and the quality of the ratings. By exploiting a stick-breaking representation of the discrete nonparametric priors, a general class of ICC indices might be derived for these models. Our method allows us to independently identify latent similarities between subjects and raters and can be applied in precise education to improve personalized teaching programs or interventions. Theoretical results about the ICC are provided together with computational strategies. Simulations and a real-world application are presented, and possible future directions are discussed.

Early signs suggest that Trump may revise the Biden administration's incentive-driven semiconductor policy and instead rely more heavily on tariffs to restore US semiconductor manufacturing. To what extent can semiconductor tariffs serve as a form of policy whiplash to compel foreign companies to relocate their operations? This article argues that while tariffs can influence investment decisions, Trump overstates their effects on fab locations and supply chain diversification. Semiconductor manufacturers weigh a complex set of factors encompassing partners in the supply chain ecosystem, potential regulatory scrutiny, technological trends, and more. Tariffs in and of themselves may not be a determinative factor behind TSMC's recently announced plan to expand its US investment.