This article examines two ruined monumental architectural complexes in ancient Oaxaca: the Main Plaza of Monte Albán and the acropolis of Río Viejo. I consider how the material vibrancy of these ruins differed in ways that both brought together and destabilized communities. After its abandonment, the ruins of the Main Plaza, as well as the mountain on which it was built, continued to assemble substances important to human well-being, including rain, clouds, sky, mountains, ancestors, and deities. People periodically journeyed to the plaza to make offerings and bury their revered dead, thereby constituting a broader identity and community. In contrast, the earthen architecture of the acropolis, located in the center of Río Viejo, rapidly decayed in the tropical lowland climate. The reemergence of hierarchy at Río Viejo in the Late Classic period activated material memories of rupture held in the ruins that threatened and resisted new forms of community and political authority.

So fears the fictional spectator within the third act of Ludwig Tieck’s Die verkehrte Welt (Tieck 1978: 87). By the time it nears its conclusion, the 1797 play has become a quadruple play-within-a-play-within-a-play-within-a-play, with the character audience unable to tell what is fiction and what is reality, with Tieck undermining conventional narration as a parable of poetic fantasy and Romantic irony, part of that comic heritage extending from Aristophanes and Cervantes, up to Ludvig Holberg and Laurence Sterne. A verkehrte Welt was a recurrent cultural motif, with a similarly titled play appearing in 1683 by Christian Weise, as well as another by Johann Ulrich von König in 1725, each of which also partook from the Italian tradition of commedia dell’ arte. Heinrich Heine would later, in 1844, give the title Die verkehrte Welt to his satirical poem from the verse cycle Zeitgedichte. Yet the formulation of an ‘inverted world’ after Tieck would go on to acquire a meaning and seriousness through the German tradition altogether independent of his literary whimsy.

We sought to identify risk factors for coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) surgical site infection (SSI). Risk factors associated with an increased risk of CoNS SSI include male sex and asthma or COPD. Colon surgery was associated with a reduced risk of CoNS SSI.

This essay highlights hitherto overlooked continuities between Husserl’s phenomenological idealism and Hegel’s absolute idealism. I focus on Husserl’s account of essence and argue that some of Husserl’s core expositions of essences suggest that they are akin to Hegelian concrete universals: like concrete universals, phenomenological essences are ideal entities instantiated in particulars and exemplify a structure of unity-in-difference. Husserl’s proximity to these Hegelian tenets is evident in his account of the ego’s self-constitution, which is broadly consistent with Hegel’s account of the determination of the Concept. Appreciating Husserl’s similarities with Hegel suggests a means of reconciling competing metaphysical, epistemic, and transcendental interpretations of Husserl’s idealism. By revealing the extent to which the transcendental character of Husserl’s phenomenology is embedded within some absolute idealist commitments, these results locate Husserl in hybrid philosophical territory, between transcendental and absolute versions of idealism, allowing him to reconcile his transcendental and realist commitments, and offering him a defence against the charge that he succumbs to an unsophisticated and unattractive form of subjectivism.

Since the 2010s, social scientists have increasingly conducted survey-experimental studies that explore what factors drive public attitudes towards migrants in host countries. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of 118 such studies, comprising 428,881 respondents from fifty-three countries. We find that sociotropic economic concerns play a key role, with individuals being more welcoming towards migrants who contribute to the economy through their professional occupation, education, or language skills. In contrast, there is limited evidence that hosts evaluate migrants based on egocentric economic concerns. Cultural concerns are also important; notably, we uncover a persistent anti-Muslim bias. Humanitarian concerns shape attitudes as well – especially towards forcibly displaced migrants, who are generally viewed more favorably than economic migrants. Climate migrants place between conflict migrants and economic migrants in terms of public perception. Our meta-analysis raises several questions that remain unanswered in the literature, suggesting important directions for future research.

Waheed Hussain’s Living with the Invisible Hand argues that, although the market economy is valuable for efficiently coordinating production and consumption, it is morally problematic because it draws us into patterns of activity that bypass our own judgment as rational beings. This makes the market potentially “authoritarian.” But what exactly does it mean to say that the market “bypasses our judgment”? In this article, I seek to clarify this idea and suggest that Hussain has actually identified a few separable senses in which it might be true. These different senses are important to distinguish because they call for different remedies.

Augustine and Aquinas assume that Moses’s law figures Christ. In this piece, I show how their complementary accounts of the old law rest upon other doctrinal emphases, namely providence, God the Father, and created things as participations in divine goodness. By drawing out these themes, I advance reflection on the worth of Moses’s law, unfolding how other doctrines structure loving attention to the law as indicative of Christ.

Pet guardianship is a common practice globally that enhances human well-being by offering companionship and emotional support. However, it also entails financial responsibilities that can pose challenges to both human and animal well-being. This study used an online survey distributed between January and March 2019 to adults residing in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), to investigate financial aspects of pet guardianship, including the importance of pet insurance, the impact of veterinary costs, and the ethical considerations of owning a pet. Understanding these aspects is crucial for promoting responsible pet ownership and ensuring animal welfare. Data were collected through a nationwide online survey, part of the Furry Whānau Wellbeing research project. The survey included questions regarding the financial aspects of pet guardianship, and respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with various statements. A total of 2,744 respondents participated in the survey. Of these, 2,358 respondents answered the pet guardianship section. Among them, 885 (37.5%) owned both cats and dogs, 652 (28%) were cat-only owners, 609 (26%) were dog-only owners, and 212 (9%) did not currently own a cat or dog. The cost of veterinary care was identified as a key concern, with 1,924 out of 2,296 (83.9%) respondents agreeing that the expense affects the level of healthcare their pets receive. Only one-third of respondents (825/2,296) considered pet insurance essential due to high costs and exclusions. The study also revealed disparities for rural and low-income households. The financial well-being of pet guardians presents a complex challenge, affecting both the well-being of the pet and its owner. This research highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to promote sustainable and equitable pet guardianship, including improving access to affordable veterinary care, enhancing financial literacy among pet owners, and providing support systems for those facing economic hardship.

This paper analyzes individual behavior in multi-armed bandit problems. We use a between-subjects experiment to implement four bandit problems that vary based on the horizon (indefinite or finite) and the number of bandit arms (two or three). We analyze commonly suggested strategies and find that an overwhelming majority of subjects are best fit by either a probabilistic “win-stay lose-shift” strategy or reinforcement learning. However, we show that subjects violate the assumptions of the probabilistic win-stay lose-shift strategy as switching depends on more than the previous outcome. We design two new “biased” strategies that adapt either reinforcement learning or myopic quantal response by incorporating a bias toward choosing the previous arm. We find that a majority of subjects are best fit by one of these two strategies but also find heterogeneity in subjects’ best-fitting strategies. We show that the performance of our biased strategies is robust to adapting popular strategies from other literatures (e.g., EWA and I-SAW) and using different selection criteria. Additionally, we find that our biased strategies best fit a majority of subjects when analyzing a new treatment with a new set of subjects.

I argue that Waheed Hussain’s critique of advanced market economies would be strengthened if, rather than emphasizing how markets draw us into particular patterns of activity in a “judgment-bypassing” way, through changes in prices and wages, he focused more on an idea that he explores in the first two chapters of Living with the Invisible Hand: the need to justify the specific institutional powers that an advanced market economy creates. I examine how this suggestion relates to two of Hussain’s central claims: that markets are mechanisms of decentralized social governance, and that they pose a distinct threat to our freedom.

A central tenet of democracy is “government of the people, by the people, for the people”, implying that representatives should reflect the citizens they serve. However, ethnic minorities, young people, women, and the working class are often underrepresented in legislatures. Previous literature suggests that increasing representation of these groups can address this bias, both by advancing their interests in policymaking and by providing symbolic value by signaling more inclusive government. To examine whether working-class politicians evoke stronger feelings of symbolic representation, particularly among the working class, I conduct a factorial survey experiment in Germany, in which 1,033 respondents rate five hypothetical political candidates with differing social and political profiles. The results indicate that people favor politicians from modest backgrounds and perceive them to be better representatives of citizens’ interests, more accessible, and more trustworthy. This effect is particularly prominent among respondents self-identifying as working class.

Quinclorac is a selective postemergence herbicide with activity on both grasses and broadleaf weeds, including the problematic field bindweed, making it useful in systems with mixed weed populations. Field studies conducted from 2021 to 2022 in California, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Oregon assessed both crop safety and weed control efficacy for potential registration in grapes. Quinclorac was applied as a directed spray at 0.42 and 0.84 kg ai ha−1 at three timings: 90 d before harvest (Timing A), 60 d before harvest (Timing B), and post-harvest (Timing C). No grapevine injury was observed in California or Oregon. However, injury occurred in Michigan, New Jersey, and New York, with maximum ratings up to 32%, though severity varied by year and location. Mixed-effects modeling showed that cumulative rainfall and soil clay-plus-organic matter (COM) content explained 52% of the variation in injury (P < 0.001), with injury increasing as rainfall and COM content rose. Despite visible symptoms at some low-COM, high-rainfall sites, quinclorac had no significant effect on yield, berry size, or dormant pruning weights. Field bindweed control was consistently improved by quinclorac, particularly when a post-harvest application was included. Under the evaluated rates and timings, quinclorac posed an unacceptable risk of grapevine injury in many environments and is not currently suitable for use in grapes. Future work should focus on identifying management practices to mitigate the potential for injury.

Schizophrenia features pervasive insight deficits, with many failing to recognize symptoms or the need for treatment, predictors of poorer outcomes. Rather than unitary, insight comprises clinical (awareness of illness and need for care) and cognitive (self-reflectiveness and the ability to question one’s beliefs). This review examines whether mental time travel (MTT) – vivid recollection of past events and construction of detailed future scenarios – may underlie insight deficits in schizophrenia. We synthesize evidence up to May 2025 from meta-analyses, experimental studies, and neuroimaging/neuroanatomical reports on MTT (autobiographical memory specificity, future simulation, temporal horizon) and their associations with clinical and cognitive insight. Individuals with schizophrenia show reduced autobiographical specificity, future simulation vividness, alongside a narrowed temporal horizon. These impairments are linked to diminished self-reflection, narrative coherence, and metacognitive abilities, all of which are essential for accurate illness recognition. Neuroimaging indicates that the networks supporting mental time travel, self-reflection, and insight – particularly the default-mode and ventromedial prefrontal circuits – substantially overlap and are disrupted in schizophrenia, with heterogeneity across illness stage and analytic approach. Moderators such as negative symptoms and trauma appear to intensify the MTT-insight links, while depressive mood may paradoxically enhance illness awareness. Although therapies targeting episodic specificity and metacognitive mastery show promise, longitudinal and interventional evidence remains limited. Associations between MTT impairments and insight are robust but largely correlational, so reverse or bidirectional causality cannot be excluded. We outline priorities for longitudinal, interventional, and trauma-stratified studies – attentive to illness stage and default-mode dynamics – to clarify mechanisms and guide targeted interventions.

The Bristol model is an inner model of $L[c]$, where c is a Cohen real, which is not constructible from a set. The idea was developed in 2011 in a workshop taking place in Bristol, but was only written in detail by the author in [8]. This article is a guide for those who want to get a broader view of the construction. We try to provide more intuition that might serve as a jumping board for those interested in this construction and in odd models of $\mathsf {ZF}$. We also correct a few minor issues in the original paper, as well as prove new results. For example, the Boolean Prime Ideal theorem fails in the Bristol model, as some sets cannot be linearly ordered, and the ground model is always definable in its Bristol extensions. In addition to this we include a discussion on Kinna–Wagner Principles, which we think may play an important role in understanding the generic multiverse in $\mathsf {ZF}$.

It is assumed that the biology and ecology of commercial fish species are relatively well-known, given that many of these parameters are key for stock assessment in fisheries management. Surprisingly (or not), several new parasite species are described annually from fish that are of commercial and cultural importance. Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is an important commercial fish species in the North Atlantic with more than 50 parasite species having been reported from it. Despite its commercial importance in Icelandic waters, only 11 parasite species have been reported from Icelandic haddock. In February and March 2023, 26 haddock were sampled, including 16 and 10 from the north and south of Iceland, respectively. Fish were examined for parasites, with a focus on macroparasites (large, usually visible to the eye). Parasites were identified morphologically with identifications of helminths confirmed using DNA barcoding (Sanger sequencing). Overall, 19 different parasite species were recovered with 17 being shared between haddock sampled from the north and south of Iceland. Of these, eight represent new geographical records for parasites of haddock in Icelandic waters. Our study indicates that monitoring for parasites remains important, regardless of how well a species has been studied. Furthermore, reporting parasites per organ and per region, especially when areas are known to be influenced by different abiotic and physical features, is important in the context of parasites as biological tags for stock identification. Despite a small sample size, our study suggests that some parasites might act as potential biological tags for stock identification of haddock in Icelandic waters.

Digital technologies have transformed the way governments around the world maintain social and political order. However, the intrusive and often repressive nature of modern political control mechanisms, such as digital surveillance and digital censorship, is largely concealed from the public and becomes “normalized” by state propaganda, particularly in authoritarian regimes. Engaging with the political psychology literature on emotion, we examine how citizens respond emotionally to such control when exposed to relevant revealing information and how these emotions relate to shifts in attitudes toward authoritarian governments. Using a survey experiment and 50 in-depth interviews conducted in China, we find that exposure to revealing information about digital control slightly amplifies negative emotions but profoundly reduces positive emotions and significantly undermines public support for authoritarian digital governance. These effects are more pronounced in the context of digital surveillance than censorship and are most severe when individuals perceive control measures as personally targeted. Our findings underscore the political-psychological consequences of digital control, emphasizing the role of emotions in shaping public responses to digital authoritarianism based on new insights into the affective dimensions of digital repression.