The adoption of a feminist foreign policy (FFP) by Mexico took Mexican feminist civil society by surprise. In September 2019, without prior consultations or dialogues with local feminist civil society, the Mexican Foreign Affairs Secretary announced its FFP during the 74th session of the UN General Assembly. While the UN New York City headquarters roared with applause in response to the Mexican Foreign Affairs Secretary’s claim that the “Mexican government is feminist,” many feminists in Mexico interpreted the statement as an effort to pinkwash the government’s poor track record on gender equality within its borders. Moreover, Mexico’s FFP was charged with racial and colonial undertones since its inception, colloquially known as the “first FFP from the Global South” (Thompson 2020; Thompson, Ahmed, and Khokhar 2021).

Designers often rely on their self-evaluations – either independently or using design tools – to make concept selection decisions. When evaluating designs for sustainability, novice designers, given their lack of experience, could demonstrate psychological distance from sustainability-related issues, leading to faulty concept evaluations. We aim to investigate the accuracy of novice designers’ self-evaluations of the sustainability of their solutions and the moderating role of their (1) trait empathy and (2) their beliefs, attitudes and intentions toward sustainability on this accuracy. We conducted an experiment with first-year engineering students comprising a sustainable design activity. In the activity, participants evaluated the sustainability of their own designs, and these self-evaluations were compared against expert evaluations. We see that participants’ self-evaluations were consistent with the expert evaluations on the following sustainable design heuristics: (1) longevity and (2) finding wholesome alternatives. Second, trait empathy moderated the accuracy of self-evaluations, with lower levels of fantasy and perspective-taking relating to more accurate self-evaluations. Finally, beliefs, attitudes and intentions toward sustainability also moderated the accuracy of self-evaluations, and these effects vary based on the sustainable design heuristic. Taken together, these findings suggest that novice designers’ individual differences (e.g., trait empathy) could moderate the accuracy of the evaluation of their designs in the context of sustainability.

This article argues that a relational and trust-based understanding of fides can explain its use and impact in a variety of secular and religious settings, but particularly between members of different religious communities and especially in commercial contracts. The Latin word fides can be translated in a variety of ways, from ‘faith’, ‘trust’ and ‘trustworthiness’, to ‘proof’ and ‘belief’. Within these meanings there are complex religious and legal implications. Most understandings focus on the ways in which the term defines and creates relationships within a community. Contracts from thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Barcelona and Mallorca demonstrate the meaning and significance of the use of the term between merchants and investors from different religious communities. The article provides a new understanding of the place of faith language within the creation of trusting relationships.

The aim of the study is to compare the use of two different particles that are used in Icelandic conversation: the native form ha and the English borrowing what. The research questions are as follows: (1) What are the similarities and differences between the two forms in terms of turn-position, sequential placement, prosody, and functions?, and (2) What can the comparison tell us about the borrowing of discourse particles from one language to another? The data consisted of 28 hours and 36 minutes of conversation. The methodology employed in the study is that of interactional linguistics. The study shows that although ha and what have some similarities in certain environments, there are certain differences between the two forms. What is more limited in use than ha, both in terms of functions and position within a turn.

Cover crops (CCs) are a component of the integrated weed management strategies for controlling herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. A field study was conducted at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, from 2021 to 2024 to determine the effect of spring-planted CCs in combination with residual herbicide on weed suppression during fallow phase and subsequent wheat yield in a no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow rotation in the semiarid Central Great Plains (CGP). The study site had a natural seedbank of glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). A mixture of CCs (oats [Avena sativa L.]–barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]–spring peas [Pisum sativum L.]) was spring-planted in no-till sorghum stubbles and terminated at the oats heading stage. Four treatments were tested: (1) weedy fallow (no CC and no herbicide), (2) chemical fallow (no CC but glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone + dicamba), (3) CC terminated with glyphosate, and (4) CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone. Across 3 yr, CC at termination reduced total weed density by 78% to 99% and total weed biomass by 93% to 99% compared with weedy fallow. Weed suppression by the CC terminated with glyphosate plus flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone continued for at least 90 d with reduced total weed density of 52% to 80% and total weed biomass reduction by 70% compared with weedy fallow across 3 yr. No differences in subsequent wheat grain yield between CC treatments and chemical fallow were recorded in 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023; however, in 2023 to 2024, chemical fallow and CC terminated with glyphosate + flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone had greater wheat yield than CC terminated with glyphosate only. These results suggest that integration of spring-planted CC with residual herbicide may help suppress GR B. scoparia and A. palmeri in the CGP.

Multituberculate extinction is often cited as a classic case of competitive exclusion, coinciding with the first rodent arrivals in the late Paleocene. Analyzing 124 North American multituberculate last occurrence records during the Eocene from 56 to 34 million years ago, this study aimed to differentiate Eocene multituberculate and coeval rodent floral associations through geographic spatial analysis to understand niche overlap between the two groups. If competitive exclusion with rodents was a factor in multituberculate extinction, both multituberculates and rodents would be predicted to share similar forest habitat preferences and have competed for similar ecological niches regarding their forest associations. Using spatial analysis, this study found that Eocene rodents and multituberculates did not overlap in their forest associations. The findings indicate that multituberculates were unique in inhabiting a specific type of ancient forest habitat, favoring forests composed of Metasequoia, Glyptostrobus, and Alnus, and thus thrived in wetter northern temperate forest communities during the Eocene. Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus declined significantly in North America during the later Cenozoic, coinciding with multituberculate decline and extinction as the global climate shifted toward colder and drier climates around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. In contrast, the success of rodents is attributed to their much broader forest affinity. These preferences align with the widespread distribution of rodents today, contributing to their modern success. The absence of any similar reconstructed forest habitat preferences between rodents and multituberculates suggests that changing forest structure, rather than competitive exclusion, drove multituberculate extinction.

Previous studies have shown that an oath can reduce lying in individual settings. Can it reduce lying in groups, a context where lying is more prevalent? Results from a lab experiment reveal that the impact depends on the incentive structures and procedures. A mandatory oath reduces lying when group members’ payoffs are independent, but only has a marginal effect when payoffs are dependent. Voluntary oath-taking enhances the effectiveness under both incentive structures by fostering intrinsic motivation to keep promises. The findings highlight the importance of peer effects and oath-taking procedures on the effectiveness of an oath in group settings.

Since the late 2010s, Rwanda has advertised its Visit Rwanda logo on the jerseys of prominent European football teams and has built new sports stadiums to host international sports competitions. Such strategies reflect the practice of sportswashing, which refers to the utilization of sports by political actors to gain global legitimacy while diverting attention from unjust processes occurring in their home countries. Dubinsky analyzes the effectiveness of Rwanda’s sportswashing through the concept of authoritarian image management, arguing that the mutual interests shared between authoritarian and Western actors facilitate the country’s sportswashing, despite the critiques it attracts.

States frequently use leadership decapitation in their domestic and cross-border counter-insurgency/terrorism operations, yet the literature is far from having a consensus regarding its effects. I argue that literature focuses on the military implications of decapitation (its implications for the organisation’s operational capabilities/ability to generate violence) at the expense of its implications for negotiations between insurgents and the state. Second, I argue that leadership arrest and killing are analytically distinct categories of leadership decapitation that can trigger different processes and outcomes and that an arrested leader’s possible role from the prison should be considered in the analysis since leadership arrest alters the leader’s incentives, resulting in a new bargaining game between the leader, the state, and the organisation. I empirically illustrate these arguments using the arrest of the leader of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) Abdullah Öcalan as a theory-building case study. In the case study, I show that Abdullah Öcalan’s arrest was productive for terminating the conflict in the short run, whereas it was counter-productive in the medium and long run. These findings suggest that the literature may benefit from tracing the process closely, considering the dynamic nature of conflicts and the impact of decapitation on bargaining processes, without limiting the temporal scope of inquiry.

This article contributes to the understanding of why some management experiences of non-family CEOs (NF-CEOs) in privately owned family firms (POFFs) are successful, while others are not. It uses the flexible pattern-matching technique to examine seven case studies of POFFs with different experiences in recruiting NF-CEOs. Drawing on human capital specificity and heterogeneity, as well as socio-emotional wealth perspectives, our analysis suggests that NF-CEOs and owning families must invest time to gain knowledge of each other. Consequently, longer minimum tenures are required compared to non-FFs, making the alignment of NF-CEO and successor life cycles crucial for success. A cooperative and long-term-oriented personality of NF-CEOs is also relevant to fit the context of family businesses. This article is the first to adapt the specificity of human capital theory to the study of NF-CEOs.

Hydrothermal vents are known to host unique faunal assemblages supported by chemosynthetic production; however, the fauna associated with inactive sulphide ecosystems remain largely uncharacterised across the global seafloor. In November 2023, a six-rayed starfish was collected from the Semenov hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A combination of morphological and molecular methods has confirmed the identity of this species as Paulasterias mcclaini Mah et al. 2015 (Forcipulatida: Paulasteriidae), providing the first validated record of this family in the Atlantic Ocean. We present an updated morphological description of the species, alongside phylogenetic analysis of the COI, 16S, 12S, and H3 genetic markers. The biogeography of the family is discussed, and previously published records amended.

In experimental social science, precise treatment effect estimation is of utmost importance, and researchers can make design choices to increase precision. Specifically, block-randomized and pre-post designs are promoted as effective means to increase precision. However, implementing these designs requires pre-treatment covariates, and collecting this information may decrease sample sizes, which in and of itself harms precision. Therefore, despite the literature’s recommendation to use block-randomized and pre-post designs, it remains unclear when to expect these designs to increase precision in applied settings. We use real-world data to demonstrate a counterintuitive result: precision gains from block-randomized or pre-post designs can withstand significant sample loss that may arise during implementation. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating researchers’ practical concerns into existing experimental design advice.

This study examined whether supplementation with collagen peptides (CP) affects appetite and post-exercise energy intake in healthy active females. In this randomised, double-blind cross-over study, fifteen healthy females (23 (sd 3) years) consumed 15 g/d of CP or a taste matched non-energy control (CON) for 7 d. On day 7, participants cycled for 45 min at ∼55 % Wmax, before consuming the final supplement. Sixty-min post supplementation an ad libitum meal was provided, and energy intake recorded. Subjective appetite sensations were measured daily for 6 d (pre- and 30 min post-supplement) and pre (0 min) to 280 min post-exercise on day 7. Blood glucose and hormone concentrations (total ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4), leptin, and insulin) were measured fasted at baseline (day 0), then pre-breakfast (0 min), post-exercise (100 min), post-supplement (115, 130, 145, 160 min) and post-meal (220, 280 min) on day 7. Ad libitum energy intake was ∼10 % (∼41 kcal) lower in the CP trial (P = 0·037). There was no difference in gastrointestinal symptoms or subjective appetite sensations throughout the trial (P ≥ 0·412). Total plasma GLP-1 (AUC, CON: 6369 (sd 2330); CP: 9064 (sd 3021) pmol/l; P < 0·001) and insulin (+80 % at peak) were higher after CP (P < 0·001). Plasma ghrelin and leptin were lower in CP (condition effect; P ≤ 0·032). PYY, CCK and glucose were not different between CP and placebo (P ≥ 0·100). CP supplementation following exercise increased GLP-1 and insulin concentrations and reduced ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent meal in physically active females.